• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.545-550
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• 2011

Urea intercalated into montmorillonite (MT) exhibits remarkably enhanced N use efficiency, maintaining its fast effectiveness. This study dealt with the release property of urea from metal-urea-clay hybrid with MT (MUCH) under continuous-flow conditions and the cumulative impacts of its successive application on physicochemical properties of soils. Releases of urea were completed within 4 hrs under continuous-flow condition regardless of the types and the leaching solutions. However, urea release property was significantly affected by both the form of fertilizer and the presence of electrolytes in solution. The fast release property of urea from MUCH in continuous-flow condition was not significantly affected by soil properties such as soil pH and soil texture. In addition, its successive application did not lead to any noticeable change in soil physicochemical properties, water stable aggregate rate, water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity in both sandy loam and clay loam soils. Therefore, this study strongly supported that urea intercalated into MT could be applied as fast-effective N fertilizer, in particular for additional N supply.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.245-250
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• 2015

This study investigates the lubrication characteristics of fuel injection pumps with reference to different fuel oils. Medium-speed diesel engines use fuel oils with various viscosities, such as heavy fuel oil (HFO, which is a high-viscosity fuel oil) and light diesel oil (LDO, which is a low-viscosity fuel oil). When fuel oil with a low viscosity is used, both fuel oil and lubricating oil lubricate the system. Thus, the lubrication of the fuel injection pump is in a multi-viscosity condition when the fuel oil in use changes. We suggest three cases of multi-viscosity models, and divide the fuel injection pump into three lubrication sections: a, the new oil section; b, the mixed oil section; and c, the used oil section. This study compares the lubrication characteristics with variation of the multi-viscosity model, clearance. The volume of Section b does not affect the lubrication characteristics. The lubrication characteristics of the fuel injection pump are poor when high-viscosity fuel oil transfers to low-viscosity fuel oil. This occurs because the viscosity in the new oil section (i.e., Section a) dominates the lubrication characteristics of the fuel injection pump. However, the lubricant oil supply in the used oil section (i.e., Section c) can improve the lubrication characteristics in this condition. Moreover, the clearances of the stem and head significantly influence the lubrication characteristics when the fuel oil changes.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate accessibility condition of buildings in a college from manual wheel chair users' perspective in order to suggest improvements, and to develop 3D accessibility maps in order to assist manual wheelchair users' prior planning for the building use. In May 2020, on-site investigation was held to three buildings in Chungbuk National University. Major findings were as follows. (1) There were some building entrances that showed level difference over 2cm without proper ramp with slow slope 1/8 or less. (2) Some rooms were found to have accessibility issues to have floors with height more than 2cm, and/or to have no height-adjustable desks. (3) Although accessible restrooms were in good condition for manual wheelchair users' access and use, it is suggested to install accessible restroom for each gender in each floor for better access. Using the study results, 2-dimensional accessibility maps for each floor were developed in color and grayscale, which were further developed into 3-dimensional accessibility maps for each building.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.637-645
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• 2021

Mobile devices have become attractive learning devices for education. The digitalization of the higher education system in Sri Lanka by 2020 is part of the government's effort to modernize and enhance the country's overall education system particularly in view of the COVID-19 pandemic. Theoretically, this study contributes to the M-Learning model in higher education institutions via the integration of literature on technology adoption (TAM and UTAUT) with the variables of Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Attitude, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, and Facilitating Condition. The attitude towards M-Learning amongst higher education students was gauged via an online questionnaire survey. The convenience sample comprised 344 students from the Advanced Technological Institutes (ATI) in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka. Descriptive statistics, a measurement, and structural model, and hypotheses testing were used to analyze the derived data. The findings indicate that mobile learning is significantly affected by perceived ease of use, social influence, effort expectancy, and facilitating condition, but negatively affected by attitude and perceived usefulness. The exhaustive literature review revealed that there are very few M-Learning studies related to digital learning in the context of higher education in the Batticaloa district.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.254-260
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• 2021

Background Myelomeningocele is a frequently seen condition at tertiary care hospitals. Its treatment involves a variety of plastic reconstructive techniques. Herein, we present a series of myelomeningocele patients treated using keystone flaps. Methods We gathered information regarding soft tissue reconstruction and the use of bilateral keystone flaps to treat myelomeningocele patients. We obtained data from clinical records and recorded the demographic characteristics of mothers and children with the condition. The size, level of defect, and complications detected during the follow-up were analyzed. Results A series of seven patients who underwent bilateral keystone flaps for myelomeningocele closure was analyzed. There were no cases of midline or major dehiscence, flap loss, necrosis, surgical site infections, or cerebrospinal fluid leakage. No revision procedures were performed. Minor complications included one case with minimal seroma and three cases with areas of peripheral dehiscence that healed easily using conventional measures. Conclusions The use of keystone flaps is an adequate option for closure of dorsal midline soft tissue defects related to myelomeningocele. This technique offers predictable results with an acceptable spectrum of complications. Robust blood flow can be predicted based upon anatomical knowledge.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1558-1568
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• 2004

In ancient times, the society was unity of church and state and this social leader took medical treatment, too. As he ruled over a people with a Chinese classic on divination, many oriental doctors have considered that the medicine and a Chinese classic on divination(周易) have same origine, and have used it. The divination of six yinyang-strokes(六爻) must be made up of some established rules, for example, division of fifty sticks(葉蓍法), use of three coins(擲錢法), use of numbering sticks and number of time(時間作卦法). six yinyang-strokes is one trigram. As we divine good or bad luck through investigation of six yinyang-strokes, we can know good or bad luck of patient's diseases and cares. A purpose of divination is called use-spirit(用神), a spirit to weaken use-spirit is called dislike-spirit (忌神), and a spirit to help use-spirit is called pleasure-spirit(喜神). As use-spirit is a state of disease in divination of disease and patient, use-spirit is patient and dislike-spirit is disease. If supports of use-spirit are more than supports of dislike, it's good luck, but if not, it's bad luck. As use-spirit is a prognosis of disease in divination of care, use-spirit is patient, dislike-spirit is a state of disease, and pleasure-spirit are medicine and doctor. we inspect condition of patient with good or bad luck of use-spirit, state of disease with good or bad luck of dislike-spirit, and medicine with good or bad luck of pleasure-spirit. Finally, we take a bird's-eye-view of the balance of them and decide on course of action.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.198-207
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• 1998

The p chart approximate to the normal distribution has a difficulty to analyze the process condition precisely when the negative LCL is occurred. Furthermore, the probability of Type I error increases compared with using its original binomial distribution. For a long time the p chart has been used as approximated to the normal distribution because of its easy use. However, it becomes rapid and convenient to calculate the binomial distribution through the development of computer and software, so it is strongly suggested to use the binomial distribution determining control limits to reduce the probability of Type I error. In this study, I suggest that the control limits can be designed in use of binomial distribution and they can be utilized without special software by illustrating the certain work for establishing p-chart with the commercial one(EXCEL).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.253-258
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• 2001

A macroeconomic minimodel was simulatedto suggest the public for sustainable us of Nakdong River Basin. The minimodel for the simulation shows the interrelationships between natural environment and economic activity. Topsoil, water, economic assets, and money stock are plotted for 300 years, beginning with 1996 in each simulation. The computer simulation runs suggest that the Nakdong River Basin system in the near future may strongly be influenced by the favorable availability of outside resources, while the economic assets and money stock may be declined by indigenous environmental stock depletion. The simulation run made under the constant decrease in systems purchased inputs with investment ratio of developed country and for sustainable use. The results of simulation shows the recover of natural environment and decrease of economic activity under these condition. Therefore, the economic structure of Nakdong River Basin should be transformed from the present industrial structure to the social-economic structure based on an ecological-recycling concept which depend on renewable resources rather than industrial structural which depend on outside resources.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.59-65
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• 2003

With the fast growth of shipbuilding industry, in recent years several hundreds of thousands of lifting lugs for a year have been used. This paper is aimed at maximizing the recovering use of lifting lugs. In this study, we have evaluated the structural strength for present and modified lifting lugs under in-plane and out-of-plane load conditions. For this purpose, the equivalent stresses have been calculated by nonlinear elasto-plastic analysis using the finite element program ABAQUS. At the same time, the contact conditions between lifting lug and shackle pin are also considered.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2004

If it does not underestimata the livestock feces, it is analyzed that thc potential energy of consumption is sufficient. If consequently economic value evaluation of the livestock feces, environmentally use, the use of opportune and proper quantity, the logistics system development which connected the transportation and scattering, environmentally plan of public control facilities for livestock feces as a precondition of livestock feces consuming is been sufficient, the livestock feces problem of both farmhouse and the area which occurs excessively will be solve more economically and will be the possibility resources more efficiently as chemical fertilizer transfer.