• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2018

This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the conservation priorities of unexecuted urban parks in Seoul both from an ecological and public perspective. To this end, two methodologies, ecological network analysis based on graph and circuit theory and accessibility analysis, were employed in order to assess ecological connectivity of and public accessibility to unexecuted parks, respectively. This study applied linkage-mapping methods (shortest path and current flow betweenness centrality) of connectivity analysis to an integrated map of landscape permeability. The population-weighted accessibility to unexecuted parks was measured based on a negative exponential distance decay function. As a result, for both ecological connectivity and accessibility, Gwanaksan, Suraksan, and Bulamsan urban natural parks are found to be the most important (rank 1-3) to be conserved. For these sites, inner park areas with conservation priorities for connectivity and accessibility were identified. The findings of the study can be used for giving conservation priority to the unexecuted urban parks in terms of long-term sustainable urban planning.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2003

Connectivity is a quantitative indicator of landscape structure, and connectivity of urban green areas is an indicator of ecological integrity in urban landscapes. The purposes of this study are to assess the connectivity of urban green areas in Seoul, and to develop a method of siting new green areas for better connectivity. Diverse methods for connectivity assessment and indices of connectivity are reviewed and applied to the connectivity assesment of green areas in Seoul. The indices of connectivity of green areas in Seoul turned out to be higher than expected, maybe because many of them are rather evenly distributed, serving as stepping stones, and because there are many riparian corridors, including the Han River. Analysis also shows the optimum location of new green space patches or corridors will be those spots that would link the mainland, or large green areas outside the city, and existing green areas in the city. Restoration of urban streams as ecological corridors will significantly enhance connectivity. Three different scenarios with increasing numbers of new green areas in the city were then prepared. The changes of connectivity were measured and the possible success rates of animal dispersal were simulated. The results revealed that restoration of streams will increase the connectivity and success rates of animal dispersal.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.503-515
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• 2023

개발 과정에서 발생하는 생태공간의 단절과 파편화는 생물다양성의 위협 요소이다. 특히 개발 압력이 높은 도심은 생태공간이 부족하여 연결성이 매우 낮을 것이다. 이러한 문제는 대도시에서 더욱 두드러지게 나타나는 경향이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 개별 사업이나 도시관리 수준에서 생태적 연결성 현황을 파악하고 개선하는 지속적인 노력이 필요하다. 그러나 대도시의 생태적 연결성 현황 파악과 개선에 대한 논의가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 우리나라 대도시 서울, 부산, 대구, 인천, 광주, 대전, 울산의 도심이 가진 생태적 연결성을 평가하였다. 평가 결과 도심은 외곽이나 도시 전체와 비교해 연결성이 낮았다. 그리고 종분포모델 등 지역 특성을 반영하여 대전을 대상으로 수행한 생태적 연결망을 분석하여 1ha 이상 산림을 이어주는 최적 경로 510개를 도출하였다. 본 연구는 도시의 생태적 연결성 개선 목표 제시에 필요한 정량적 수치와 생물다양성을 포함한 지역 특성에 따른 연결망을 도출한 사례로서 의미가 있다. 환경영향평가나 도시관리에서 생태적 연결성을 개선하는 방향을 제시하고 평가 체계를 구축하는 데 결과를 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2015

In this research, the connectivity status between natural environment (forests and rivers) and urban parks in view of ecological networks in a city is evaluated and on the basis of these evaluation results, a future connectivity enhancing recommendations are suggested. As a result, the 96.8% of the connectivity role of the neighborhood parks were core or connected parks and as in terms of the ecological pattern on the outer park, 84.1% of the case neighborhood parks were connected to the ecological element at least one side. Therefore, it can be expected to play a role as corridor that enables the direct connection with the natural environment if the connection plan is well established. As a result of connectivity evaluation of the parks, inside of the parks had low ecological element overall and had low connectivity, outside of the parks had 1.5 times more of low connectivity parks than high connectivity parks, and had similar disconnections such as facilities(fence, soundproof walls, breast walls, etc.), developments(roads, apartment complexes, industrial complexes, etc.), or poor greens regardless of the neighborhood with the ecological elements. To increase the connectivity of ecological network, the cities already built shall secure primarily green territory where can connect with the isolated park due to the surrounding with the developing areas and when planning for new cities or residential complexes, it shall establish a connection plan with the nearby at the beginning.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2014

Urban Green Area has ecologically deteriorated along with quantitative loss, being developed as a dot itself rather than connected to forests and green networks around the park. The present study aims to propose a connected plan on Urban Ecological Network establishment through 'assessment of the connectivity of the entire urban parks' in accordance with distance of forest and river and 'assessment of trends in connection fragmentation of urban parks' in accordance with the past change of forest and river. According to the result of this study, criteria based on previous research was "directly linked type is less than 300m, conceptually linked type is between 300m to 1km, the isolated type is greater than 1km". And the result of 'assessment of the connectivity of the entire urban parks' is analyzed as the rate of park and green network, 41.7% in Suwon, 80.0% in Seongnam, 88.9% in Namyangju on the basis of office and field investigation. Also, according to the result of 'assessment of trends in connection fragmentation of urban parks', consideration for connection to the original forest is insufficient.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.97-114
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• 2019

This study aims to analyze the effect of urban ecosystem restoration projects by evaluating the short-term restoration performance of the project sites, from both qualitative and quantitative evaluations. In this study, for the qualitative evaluation, we derived the evaluation frame from previous studies and literature. For the quantitative evaluation, the changes in ecological connectivity after the restoration project were described using landscape permeability and network analysis. In addition, changes in habitat quality after the restoration project were evaluated by using InVEST Habitat Quality Model. These evaluations were applied to the three natural madang (ecological restoration) projects and two ecosystem conservation cooperation projects. As a result, three categories, 10 indicators, and 13 sub-indicators were derived from literature as the evaluation frame for this study. In the case of quantitative evaluation of restoration performance, habitat quality increased by 45% and ecological connectivity by 37% in natural-madang, and habitat quality by about 12% and ecological connectivity by about 19% in ecosystem conservation cooperation projects. This implies that the ecological restoration project can increase the ecological connectivity and the habitat quality of degraded sites even in a short period of time by improving the land-cover and land use. The results by applying the evaluation frame indicated that ecological and environmental factors and the ecological functions were improved by the restoration works, even though the magnitude of performances were diverse depending on the specific evaluation items, project type, and site characteristics. This study clarified that the success of ecological restoration project should be assessed by both of the short-term and long-term goals, which can be achieved by the maintenance and sustainable management, respectively.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.14-23
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• 2002

Daejeon is a large city in Korea and very high-speedly developing city. Recently urban area is expanding and large forest patch is fragmenting into small habitats because of urban sprawl. The fragmentation of large forest patch decreases the size of habitats and increases the loss of biodiversity in urban area. This study is to analysis the connectivity of green space of Daejeon metropolitan city, and suggest the optimum location of greening site and corridor in order to increase the connectivity of green space of Daejeon metropolitan city. The findings of this study are as follows; (1) The result of this study showed that ${\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$ index are -0.24 and 0.20. A ${\alpha}$ index is very low and a ${\gamma}$ index is relatively low. (2) The dispersion was very high, for urban forest patches were isolated through fragmentation. Therefore, it needed ecological corridors in order to connect the patches. (3) A urban streams were very important in connectivity of urban green space. Urban riparian corridor must be preserved and restored. (4) A urban green space policy and planning must be prepared to increase the connectivity and assessment of alternatives must be accomplished from perspective of connectivity. The results of this study show the practical implications in perspective of green space planning and policy in Daejeon metropolitan city. The suggestions by findings of this study are to connect green space between large forest patch in urban fringe and island green space in inner city. Also, It is required that urban stream is restored to natural feature for use of corridor by wildlife.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.80-96
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• 2023

인간의 활동 영역과 도로의 확장으로 인한 생태공간의 손실과 단절은 생물다양성에 부정적 요소이다. 특히 토지의 이용과 피복이 급속하게 변한 도시의 시가화지역은 생태공간의 손실과 고립으로 야생생물의 서식이 어려운 지역이다. 또한 도시화에 따른 생태공간 손실과 단절은 생태계서비스에 부정적 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 그러므로 도시와 국토의 생물다양성 및 생태계서비스 증진을 위해 도시의 현황을 반영한 실용적 생태축 구축이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 대구·경북권역 기초자치단체의 도시생태축 관련 공간계획 수립에 활용할 수 있는 생태공간의 연결성과 산림축을 분석하여 제시하였다. 생태공간 연결성은 대구·경북권역 31개 기초자치단체의 산림과 자연지역으로 구분하여 토지피복도를 활용하여 분석하였다. 그리고 대상지를 20,483개의 1km² 육각형 격자로 나누고 생태공간의 100m 이내 단절에 대한 복원 효과를 공간 군집화하여 복원 중점지역을 시각화하였다. 산림축은 100ha 이상 산림 1,534개를 연결하는 선형을 토지피복, 건축물 면적, 경사 등 지역 현황을 반영하여 도출하였다. 연구 결과는 생태공간의 연결성 개선을 위한 공간계획 및 목표 수립과 복원지역 선정의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.12-24
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• 2000

This study seeks to find an approach tool that allows to consider both ecological and visual aspect in developing an ecological space. Main objective of this study is to develop a planting design method in consideration of correlation between high visual preference and ecological diversity. To this end, an integrated method based on visual design principles and landscape ecological principles was developed first. Then study areas of 20 natural areas and 10 urban areas were selected to survey and analyze visual preference and ecological diversity. The result showed that scale is an element that has the greatest impact on visual preference. In areas with high ecological diversity, scale and connectivity had the biggest impact. In order to have a planting design desirable visually and ecologically based on these factors, it may be divided into following three issues.(1) In oder to increase ecological diversity in areas with strong visual preference, a priority should be given to introduce techniques promoting harmony among dominant species of various scales and other species. At the same time, there should be efforts to secure connectivity. (2) To improve visual preferences in areas with high ecological diversity, close-range, medium-range, and distant landscapes should be ensured by aligning colors and connectivity of various scales with other factors. (3) Also, a target area should be developed into a visually preferred and ecologically sound area by supplementing form and interlocking issues and identifying the spirit of the place. This study offers a way to improve visual preference and promote ecological diversity indeveloping ecological parks for the future. In landscape planning and design, it is important to secure various scales and connectivity as high-priority principles.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.867-878
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• 2011

Development restriction areas (greenbelt areas) of Korea were recognized in 1970 as a means to control urban sprawl and conserve the natural environment. Although there have been some achievements, for a long time many planners and residents have requested a redefining of the green belt due to individual property rights restrictions and urban management problems. In fact, a lot of the greenbelt area is being destroyed by urban development. Therefore, conservation of ecological spaces in the green belt is needed to maintain urban naturalness. In this regard, this study suggests efficient methods to manage the greenbelt through the adoption of a landscape ecological value assessment. The greenbelt of the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) is represented as the case study because there has been mounting pressure to develop the area in Korea. In this study, the assessment of the landscape ecology in the greenbelt area focuses on landscape structure and function. The assessment consists of the following steps: First, patches were derived by NDVI analysis using landsat remote sensing data. Second, characteristics of the patches were quantified by analyzing the landscape structure, such as patch size and shape index. Lastly, the gravity model and least cost path analysis to assess connectivity were applied to evaluate the landscape function in the green belt areas. The assessment result showed that 48.45% of green belt area should be conserved to maintain ecological stability and function. Moreover, major ecological networks were identified near the large patches in the northern and southern areas. However, relative low ecological values were identified in the western part of the green belt area due to the lack of green spaces. Furthermore, some development plans in the green belt were also identified near the conservation area. Based on these results, the restoration needed areas to enhance ecological value in green belt were displayed. This study suggests efficient management of the greenbelt area, which is disappearing as a result of urban development. The area for conservation chosen in this study should be managed carefully in urban planning. Finally, the results of this study can be used in green belt polices and plans for the promotion of ecological naturalness and stability.