• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.93-104
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• 1991

Limit analysis is based on the duality theorem which equates the least upper bound to the greatest lower bound. In this study, limit analysis of axisymmetric forming problem with workhardening materials is formulated by minimizing the upper bound functional and finite element program is developed for forward estrusion. Limit loads, velocity and flow line fields are directly obtained under various process conditions and deformation characteristics such as strains, strain rates and grid distortion are obtained from the optimum velocity components by numerical calculation. The experimental observation was carried out for extrusion and compared with computed results. The good agreement between theoretical and experimental results is shown that the developed programming is very effective for the analysis of axisymmetric extrusion.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2010

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Gamitaeeumjowi-tang(GTT) prescribed by doctors of korean(KMD) medicine on liver function. Methods For this single-center, prospective, observational study, we enrolled patients who wished to take GTT prescribed by KMD for losing weight. sixty(60) patients took GTT for 33.8 days and completed questionnaires. Liver function tests(LFTs) were performed bofore(first test) and after each GTT treatment(finish test). For LFT, T-bil, ALP, AST, ALT were measured. Result There were no significant changes in LFT data between the first and finish tests. At first test, levels of test seven(7) patients were more than twice of normal range of upper limit, levels of eight(8) patients were more than normal range of upper limit, less than twice of normal range of upper limit. At last test, levels of nine(9) patients were more than normal range of upper limit, less than twice of normal range of upper limit. Conclusion The current study showed that ingestion of GTT prescribed by KMD did not increase the frequency of abnormal LFTs, at least in the short term.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.236-239
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• 1995

In this paper,Upper bound analysis to predict the formation of corner cavity during the final stage of backward extrusion is used. The critical condition for corner cavity formation is obtained by upper bound analysis. The quantitive relationships between corner cavity formation and process parameters are studied. To broaden forming limit area, driven container and multi-step forming process is proposed. As a result of FEM, forming limit is enlarged. And this results is compared with the analytric results

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.105-111
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• 2017

Vendor Managed Inventory is a well-known vendor-retailer coordination approach in supply chain management where the vendor manages inventory of the retailer and determines the order interval and order quantity for the retailer. To consider practical situation, the upper limit of inventory for the retailer is set. If the inventory level for the retailer exceeds the upper limit, then the penalty cost is charged to the retailer. Furthermore, maximum allowable inventory level is set for the vendor to prevent the vendor from keeping much inventory. Single-vendor multi-retailer supply chain model with upper limit of inventory for vendor and retailers is studied. All the retailers' are assumed to have the common cycle time, and a vendor manages retailers' inventory and replenishes products. The mathematical formulation is introduced to minimize the total cost including the penalty cost violating the upper limit of inventory for retailers with the constraint of maximum allowable inventory level. The solution procedure based on Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions is derived. KKT conditions are often applied to find an optimal solution of nonlinear programming problem with constraints. An illustrative example is used to show the application of the proposed solution procedure. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is done to find out the relationship between maximum allowable inventory level and other values such as order quantity, the number of shipment, vendor's cost, retailer's cost, and total cost. As maximum allowable inventory level decreases, the number of shipment decreases but total cost increases. Order quantity has the trend of decline and is affected by the number of shipment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vestibular sensory stimulation exercise on the limit of stability, dynamic weight shift, and upper and lower extremities reaction time in adult women. Methods : This study was conducted with 30 female. All subjects were randomly and equally assigned to an experimental group and a control group of 15 each. Subjects assigned to the experimental group received vestibular sensory stimulation training for 6 weeks. For the intervention, vestibular sensory stimulation exercises were conducted by referring to the Hamid exercise method and the Cawthorne-Cooksey exercise method, and the control group did not receive any intervention. All subjects were tested for limit of stability, dynamic weight shift, and upper and lower extremities reaction time before and after the intervention. Results : The results of this study showed significant differences between groups in reaction time, moving velocity, and directional control in the limit of stability test after intervention. In the dynamic weight shift test after intervention, there was a significant difference between the groups in the slow directional control of left and right. And in the upper and lower extremities reaction time test after intervention, both scores and reaction time showed significant differences between groups. Conclusion : As a result, the three vestibular sensory stimulation exercises applied in this study improved the limit of stability, dynamic weight shift, and upper and lower extremities reaction time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.547-552
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to propose indoor noise level in residential buildings affected by transportation noise (road traffic, railway and air-craft noise) based on subjective evaluations, 30 subjects participated in the experiment to evaluate the noise. Experimental environment reproduced real living and office environment, and in asking subjects' annoyance to the noise. An experiment to investigate the subjective responses to various computer noises (CD-Rom, HDD, Fan) in office environment was also undertaken. The Result shows that the lower limit of transportation noise is $40{\sim}41dB(A)$ and upper limit is $55{\sim}60dB(A)$, whereas the lower limit of various computer noises is $36{\sim}40dB(A)$ and upper limit is $45{\sim}52dB(A)$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2004.03b
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• pp.580-585
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is the stability evaluation of soil slope according to inclination of upper natural slope. Upper natural slope breeds loss of slope by inflow in slope of surface water by rainfal1 and f1uctuation of amount of materials in slope through method of cutting slope according to degree of inclination. Basis of standard inclination does not consider of inclination of upper natural slope and is presented uniformly. Therefore, in this study, analyzed stability of inclination of upper natural slope through limit equilibrium analysis. Result is same as following. First, safety factor through limit equilibrium analysis is almost direct decrease when gradient of soil slope is 1:1.2, 1:1.5. However, when gradient of soil slope is 1:1.0, 1:0.7, if sinclination of upper natural slope are $20^{\circ}$, it shows tendency that decrease of safety factor becomes low rapidly. Second, when when gradient of soil slope is fixed, inclination of upper natural slope increase tendency(maximum 3.0 times) that decrease of safety factor.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.02b
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• pp.164-168
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• 1994

Single serologic tests may occasionally influence clinicians in making diagnoses. The antistreptolysin O (ASO) test is a frequently used tool for detecting recent Streptococcus pyogenes infection and is helpful in the diagnosis of diseases like rheumatic fever. Using data from a 1989 prospective study of 600 healthy male military recruits, in which 43% experienced S. pyogenes upper respiratory tract infection (2-dilution rise in ASO), this report compared two methods of interpreting a single ASO titer. Using the 'upper limit of normal' (80 percentile) method, recruits with an ASO titer of greater than 400 showed evidence of recent S. pyogenes infection. This method had a sensitivity and specificity of only 65.9 and 81.9% respectively. In contrast to the 'yes-no'. dichotomy of the 'upper limit of normal' method. the likelihood ratio method statistics were ASO value specific, more consistent with clinical judgment, and better emphasized the caution clinicians must use in interpreting a single ASO test.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.503-515
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• 2014

On the basis of Hoek-Brown failure criterion, a numerical solution for the shape of collapsing block in the rectangular cavity subjected to seepage forces is obtained by upper bound theorem of limit analysis. The seepage forces obtained from the gradient of excess pore pressure distribution are taken as external loadings in the limit analysis, and the pore pressure is easily calculated with pore pressure coefficient. Thus the seepage force is incorporated into the upper bound analysis as a work rate of external force. The upper solution of the shape of collapsing block is derived by virtue of variational calculation. In order to verify the validity of the method proposed in the paper, the result when the pore pressure coefficient equals zero, and only hydrostatic pressure is taken into consideration, is compared with that of previous work. The results show good effectiveness in calculating the collapsing block shape subjected to seepage forces. The influence of parameters on the failure mechanisms is investigated.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.187-196
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• 1992

This paper estimates the bearing capacity of the eccentrically loaded footing by the upper bound of limit analysis method. Meyerhof method and Saran method used the limit equilibrium method in the estimation of bearing capacity. But, in this study the bearing capacity is estimated by the upper bound method. In applying the upper bound, the result depends on the failure mechanism. So this analysis uses the conventional failure mechanisms or the modified failure mechanisms. The comparisions are made between the results from this analysis and those obtained from the limit equilibrium method. Also, the influences of the parameters-eccentricity, internal friction angle, surcharge, G-value, and base friction of the footing on the bearing capacity factors have been examined.