• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.275-304
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• 2014

Due to the rapid progress of globalization, fierce international competition, a declining population, low birth rate and aging population, deficit in a difficult situation at home and abroad, Japan's local governments expand internal and external alliances and partnerships to maximize the economic benefits to the region seeking to enable in the region have efficient allocation of human and material resources through industry support, funding, and administrative efficiency for the purpose of speeding up the formation of a mega regional economies. Union of Kansai Government implements, especially in the wide area of industrial clusters, economic policy need to comprehensive planning and growth strategy such as adjusting the growth strategy attempts to promote the local economy and to enable investment planning and coordination within the current mega regions, These roles are further improving and upgrading their importance of mega regional phase in Japan's regional economic policy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5371-5375
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• 2014

Background: An accurate assessment of potential lymph node metastasis is important for the appropriate treatment of early gastric cancers. Therefore, this study analyzed predictive factors associated with lymph node metastasis and identified differences between mucosal and submucosal gastric cancers. Materials and Methods: A total of 518 early gastric cancer patients who underwent radical gastrectomy were reviewed in this study. Clinicopathological features were analyzed to identify predictive factors for lymph node metastasis. Results: The rate of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer was 15.3% overall, 3.3% for mucosal cancer, and 23.5% for submucosal cancer. Using univariate analysis, risk factors for lymph node metastasis were identified as tumor location, tumor size, depth of tumor invasion, histological type and lymphovascular invasion. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size >2 cm, submucosal invasion, undifferentiated tumors and lymphovascular invasion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. When the carcinomas were confined to the mucosal layer, tumor size showed a significant correlation with lymph node metastasis. On the other hand, histological type and lymphovascular invasion were associated with lymph node metastasis in submucosal carcinomas. Conclusions: Tumor size >2 cm, submucosal tumor, undifferentiated tumor and lymphovascular invasion are predictive factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer. Risk factors are quite different depending on depth of tumor invasion. Endoscopic treatment might be possible in highly selective cases.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.2-9
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• 2014

Background: Indirect reduction technique offers a valid option in the treatment of proximal humerus fracture. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional outcome and the complication rate after indirect reduction and internal fixation of unstable proximal humeral fractures with use of a locking plate. Methods: Twenty four patients with acute proximal humerus fracture were managed with indirect reduction and internal fixation with a locking plate. The mean follow-up period was 15.5 months. Results: The anatomical reduction of the medial cortex buttress was seen in 16 patients (66%) of the Group A and the non-anatomical reduction was seen in 8 patients (33%) of the Group B. Mean union time was $3.2{\pm}1.9$ months; it was $2.2{\pm}0.6$ months in the Group A and $5.3{\pm}2.2$ months in the Group B (p < 0.05). In our series, there were 6 cases of complications and these include 2 cases of varus malunion, 2 cases of shoulder stiffness, 1 case of heterotrophic ossification, 2 cases of screw perforation and 1 case of impingement. Conclusions: We conclude from our studies that indirect reduction and internal fixation using locking plate for acute proximal humerus fracture can give good results with bony union and predictable good overall functional outcome. If the medial cortex buttress is well maintained, a better anatomical reduction would be achieved, the union would be prompted, the pain would be further reduced and the range of the motion would be recovered more promptly.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.158-162
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the radiological and clinical effects of early weightbearing after distal reverse oblique osteotomy of bunionette. Materials and Methods: Between 2009 and 2015, 52 patients who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital for bunionette deformity with a minimum follow up of one year were included in the study. Postoperatively, foot cast was applied and full weightbearing was permitted in 28 patients. And short leg splint was applied with only partial weightbearing using crutches allowed in 24 patients. Clinical scores were evaluated. Radiologically, the 4th~5th intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and 5th metatarsophalangeal angle (MPA) were analyzed preoperatively and at the final follow up visit. Results: The visual analogue scale and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scores improved in the partial weightbearing group and full weightbearing group, but without significant differences. The average 4th~5th IMA and average 5th MPA correction also did not showed significant differences between the partial weightbearing group and full weightbearing group. Moreover, the full weightbearing group did not encourage non-union rate compared with the partial weightbearing group. Conclusion: Effective bone union may be achieved through early weightbearing, resulting in better clinical outcomes. It is considered that early weightbearing did not have any effect on the changes of IMA and bone union.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2021

Background: A midshaft clavicle fracture is a common fracture that typically responds well to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). However, refracture can occur after implant removal (IR). This study aimed to analyze the rate of refracture and related factors after removal of the locking compression plate (LCP) for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 201 patients who had undergone ORIF with LCP for midshaft clavicle fractures after IR after bony union from January 2011 to May 2018 at our institute. We evaluated basic demographic characteristics and radiographic parameters. All patients were treated with an LCP for primary fracture. The patients were divided into two groups: a refracture group that experienced a second fracture within 1 year after IR and a no-fracture group. Results: There were four cases (1.99%) of refracture; three were treated conservatively, while one was treated surgically. All patients achieved bony union. The average interval between refracture and IR was 64 days (range, 6-210 days). There was a significant difference in classification of fractures (AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association [AO/OTA] classification) between the two groups. However, other patient demographics and radiographic measurements between refracture and IR, such as bone diameter, showed no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: This study showed that one in 50 patients suffered from refracture after removal of the LCP. Thus, if patients desire IR, the surgeon should explain that there is a relatively higher possibility of refracture for cases with simple or segmental fractures than for other types of fracture.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.11-14
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• 2004

Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite (DVB-S) [1] (EN 300 421(bibliography)) was introduced as a standard in 1994. However, by combing with higher order modulation, promise more powerful alternatives to the DVB-S / DVB-DSNG coding and modulation schemes. Variable rate coding and modulation (VCM) may employed to provide different levels of error protection to different service components. Adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) provides more exact channel protection and dynamic link adaptation to propagation conditions, targeting each individual receiving terminal. By these reasons, DVB-S2 introduced. This paper derives exact symbol error rate(SER) of 16-Amplitude Phase Shift Keying(APSK) modulation by using Craig's formula. 16-APSK modulation is used in DVB-S2. The difference between Union Bound and Craig's formula is 1.26dB in low SNR and 0.1dB in high SNR.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.17-22
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• 2015

This paper examines the effect of impulsiveness of euro on Indian stock market. In order to examine the problem, we select rupee-euro exchange rates and S&P CNX NIFTY and BSE30 SENSEX to represent stock price. We select euro as it considered as second most widely used currency at the international level after dollar. The data are collected a daily basis over a period of 3-Apr-2007 to 30-Mar-2012. The statistical and time series properties of each and every variable have examined using the conventional unit root such as ADF and PP test. Adopting a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) and exponential GARCH (EGARCH) model, the study suggests a negative relationship between exchange rate and stock prices in India. Even though India is a major trade partner of European Union, the study couldn't find any significant statistical effect of fluctuations in Euro-rupee exchange rates on stock prices. The study also reveals that shocks to exchange rate have symmetric effect on stock prices and exchange rate fluctuations have permanent effects on stock price volatility in India.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.147-163
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• 2003

European Union bans the usage of Pb in electronics from July 1 st, 2006. The Near-eutectic Sn-Ag-Cu alloys are the leading candidate Pb-free solders (for SMT card assembly). .The microstructure of Sn-Ag-Cu alloys is discussed in terms of solidification, composition and cooling rate. Methods of controlling Ag3Sn plates are discussed. .Thermo-mechanical fatigue behaviors of Sn-Ag-Cu solder joints are reviewed. Tin pest, whisker growth, electromigration of Pb-free solders are discussed.

• Hip & pelvis
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.202-209
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• 2018

Atypical femoral fractures differ from ordinary femoral diaphyseal or subtrochanteric fractures in several aspects. Although several authors have reported the results of surgical treatment for atypical femoral fractures, the rate of complications (e.g., delayed union, nonunion, fixation failure, and reoperation) is still high. Therefore, we reviewed principles of surgical treatment and describe useful methods for overcoming femoral bowing in these high-risk patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9921-9926
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• 2014

To investigate the value of expression of annexin A2, microvessel density (MVD) and CD105 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues and adjacent normal tissues, immunohistochemical staining was used. The positive expression rate of Annexin A2 and the MVD in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues was higher than that in in adjacent normal tissues (p<0.005). Expression of Annexin A2 and MVD correlated with histological grade (p<0.05). MVD of cancers in TNM stage IIb was higher than that in TNM stageI~IIa (p<0.026). Cancerous tissues with Annexin A2 staining grade 3+ had lower MVD than the tissues with the other Annexin A2 staining grade (p<0.05). Patients with high MVD had worse prognosis. However, our study did not confirm Annexin A2 was an independent risk factor for patients with PDAC. We confirmed MVD labeled by CD105 was an independent risk factor for patients with PDAC and had moderate predictive value of prognosis.