• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.241-246
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• 2008

A nutritional supplement was developed aiming at correcting the most common nutrient and caloric deficiencies encountered in elderly people (${\geq}60$ years old). The protein source was a mixture of whey protein isolates (WPI) and bovine collagen hydrolysate (BCH) with high nutritional and functional qualities making up 12% of the formulation. The carbohydrate fraction was composed of sucrose, inulin (soluble fiber), and fructo-oligosaccharide (prebiotic). The most commonly deficient essential minerals and vitamins were also included. Acceptance of the product was good according to both an elderly panel and a laboratory panel composing of both sexes and various ages. The stability of the formulations was evaluated and the estimated shelf life at room temperature (ca. $27^{\circ}C$) was approximately 4 months.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.sup1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put focus on the importance of a healthy immune system for recovery from infection and effective response to vaccination. Several nutrients have been under attention because their nutritional statuses showed associations with the incidence or severity of COVID-19 or because they affect several aspects of immune function. Nutritional status, immune function, and viral infection are closely interrelated. Undernutrition impairs immune function, which can lead to increased susceptibility to viral infection, while viral infection itself can result in changes in nutritional status. Here, we review the roles of vitamins A, C, D, and E, and zinc, iron, and selenium in immune function and viral infection and their relevance to COVID-19.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of elderly Korean women and to investigate related factors. Methods: A total of 100 elderly women attending a local elderly welfare center were recruited for study. Evaluation criteria included demographics, clinical status, nutritional status (using a mini-nutritional assessment), food intake, and nutritional bioparameters, including homocysteine, transferrin, prealbumin and lymphocyte levels, and their antioxidant power status. Results: Among the test group, 83% of the subjects were classified as undernourished, and they often had hyperlipidemia and a lower intake of fiber ($p$ <.05, respectively) and vegetables than normal subjects. In a correlation analysis, their nutritional status was associated with abdominal circumference, the Korean Geriatric Depression Scale score and the Enriched Social Support Inventory score. Nutritional bioparameters and antioxidant power were associated with age among undernourished subjects. Old age, the prevalence of hyperlipidemia, and poor social support significantly increased the risk of undernutrition. Poor social support, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and depression significantly increased the risk of nutritional deficiency after controlling for age, educational and economic variables. Conclusion: More strategies to increase social support in the Korean female elderly population may improve their nutritional status.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 1991

Weaner heifers were set stocked at 4/ha on a grass-legume pasture in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and either unsupplemented (Control) or for 338 days given daily supplements of one of, rice bran (RB) supplied at 1 kg/animal/d, molasses/urea (MU) or 0.5 RB + 0.5 MU (MURB) the amounts of which were adjusted to give similar energy intakes. There were 20 animals in each treatment. A drought resulted in low pasture availability for about half the supplementation period. The LWG per animal in the MURB treatment was 85 kg above that of the control and this was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than those for MU (62.0 kg) or RB (56.2 kg) although the economics favoured the gains from RB which returned over three times the cost of the supplement. Costs could be reduced by supplementing only at times of maximum undernutrition, but such a strategy is of doubtful value in this situation as there was no compensatory LWG and a similar rate of economic return was maintained throughout the period. The results suggest that additional benefits from the supplementation may be improved reproductive performance and more efficient use of pasture.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.395-403
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• 2000

This study was carried out with 200 students of Chungbuk National University to investigate their dietary behavior and calcium intake and to find out variables among general characteristics of subjects which influence dietary behavior and calcium intake. Questionaires and interviews were used for data collection. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Dietary behavior of college students were not desirable as a whole. The percentages of skipping breakfast and irregular meal among students were over one third, respectively. Especially students living alone skipped breakfast more frequently, took their meals more irregularly, and their eating frequencies of 6 food groups were lower compared to students eating at home. 2) Calcium intake was significantly different according to gender. Mean calcium intake of male students was 744.0 mg/day and that of female students was 480.8 mg/day. Average %RDA of calcium intake of female students was 68.5%. Resource food contributing to calcium intake in the first order was milk, next was yogurt, Small anchovies, kimchi made with Chinese cabbage, ice cream and soybean curd in that order. From the results of this study, we found that the students living alone and female students are exposed to high risk of poor dietary behavior and undernutrition of calcium. In conclusion, nutrition education programs for them are required as soon as possible.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.515-525
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of nutrient intake according to metabolic syndrome in Korean elderly. Data on 1,200 elderly (men 545, women 655) over 65 years was obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010. The subjects were divided into metabolic syndrome (MetS) and normal groups based on NCEP-ATP III guidelines and by applying the Asia-Pacific definition with waist circumference. The prevalence of MetS was 48.9% in all subjects, 35.6% in men and 58.9% in women, respectively. All nutrient intake was significantly lower in MetS than normal subjects, except iron, vitamin A, carotene, and retinol. In the carbohydrate: protein: fat (C:P:F) ratio, MetS showed a higher rate for carbohydrate, but a lower rate for protein and fat than normal. MetS was lower in calcium, vitamin B1, and vitamin C by the nutrient adequacy ratio than normal. Mean adequacy ratio of MetS (0.69) was lower than that of the normal group (0.72). These results demonstrated that undernutrition, not excess intake of specific nutrients - energy, fat, or cholesterol was associated with the risk for MetS in Korean elderly with MetS. Therefore, it is recommended to have a healthy dietary pattern with diverse nutrients for the prevention of MetS.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.240-247
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• 2014

Objective: Undernutrition is common amongst esophageal cancer patients and therefore appropriate nutrition support is critical. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of enteral nutrition (EN) versus parenteral nutrition (PN) is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EN and PN on the nutritional state and the length of hospital stay for patients who underwent an Ivor-Lewis (IL) esophagectomy. Method: A retrospective clinical analysis was performed that utilized the electronic medical records of patients who underwent IL esophagectomy during a 3-year period between January 2010 and December 2012 at a tertiary teaching hospital located in Seoul, Korea. The EN group and PN group were analyzed by comparing the nutrition supply, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and weight variation. Results: After an IL esophagectomy, the complication rate between the EN group and PN group was insignificant and the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter for the PN group compared to the EN group (14 vs. 16 days, respectively; p<0.001). At the time of discharge, those in the PN group lost less weight postoperatively (p=0.003). Conclusion: PN may be considered as safe nutrition support for esophageal cancer patients who underwent an esophagectomy.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.284-289
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• 2023

A 14-year-old girl was admitted to the emergency department for excessive bile-containing vomiting and severe abdominal pain. She had been healthy until she intentionally lost 25 kg over a 6-month period. Thick, bloody bile-mixed food particles were drained from the stomach through a nasogastric tube. Abdominal computed tomography revealed huge stomach dilatation with extensive gastric pneumatosis, possible near rupture, acute pancreatitis, and a very narrow third of the duodenum, indicating superior mesenteric syndrome. Gastrofibroscopy revealed multiple hemorrhagic ulcers and numerous beadlike cystic lesions in the stomach. Laboratory examination results were notable for severe deficiencies in critical nutrients, including iron, zinc, proteins, and prealbumin, as well as undernutrition-associated endocrine complications such as hypothyroidism and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Excessive vomiting ceased after the endoscopic removal of stagnant gastric contents. Gastric pneumatosis improved after 3 days of supportive care.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate nutritional status of school children by biochemical assessment method. Subjects were 308 school children from 4th to 6th grade living in Bucheon city. Their blood glucose, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were determined. Mean blood glucose concentration was 77.56 mg/dl and $81.2\%$ of children had normal blood glucose concentration. The average proportion of hypoglycemia was $18.8\%$ among the three grades and prevalence of hypoglycemia in 4th grade school children was highest ($21.8\%$). Mean serum total protein and albumin levels were 7.14g/dl and 4.35g/dl, respectively, and all the subjects except only one were in normal range of total protein and albumin. Mean serum TG and total cholesterol concentrations were 145.82mg/dl and 94.50mg/dl. Serum TG and total cholesterol levels showed same pattern that the concentrations decreased in proportion to grade. Especially, there was significant difference between grades in serum total cholesterol. Furthermore, $11.7\%$ of 4th, $6.8\%$ of 5th, and $2.8\%$ of 6th grade school children have borderline hypertriglycemia or hypertriglycemia, risk factors of obesity or cardiovascular disease later in life. Taken together, there was conflict phenomenon that undernutrition of hypertriglycemia and overnutrition of hypertriglycemia existed together. Therefore, it is needed to develop discriminating and personalized nutritional feeding, counseling, and education program to cover the children of under- or over- nutritional status.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.340-353
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• 2009

It is very important to screen the elderly for nutritional risk, because nutritional status is a critical factor to maintain their health. Some nutrition checklists used in Korea for the elderly are from other countries. Reliability of those checklist in Korea is not studied enough. This survey was done for the elderly over 65-years-old who live in Hong-cheon, An-dong, Dam-yang and Yeon-gi in Korea (subject; summer: 146, winter: 145) to study the reliability of DETERMINE checklist which is adopted widely in Korea. Using the score of DETERMINE checklist, the elderly were divided as high, middle and low risk groups. For nutritional assessment for those elderly, dietary assessment using 24 recall, anthropometry, biochemical assessment and health condition were used. Results for the checklist showed that percentage below EAR for energy intake and protein intake in winter were higher in the high risk group than other groups. The intakes of phosphorus and iron and most vitamins were below the DRI. The percentage of subjects with intake below DRI was highest in the high risk group. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values using the DETERMINE were calculated using 6 point as a cut-off point. Subjects were divided into two groups by MAR (MAR < 0.75:undernutrition, MAR < 0.75 : normal). Sensitivity recorded 49.4% and 34.3%, specificity did 61.9% and 65.4 and Positive predictive value did 62.1% and 46.0% each for summer and winter. Results of screening using DETERMINE Checklist were not matched with dietary assessment but not with anthropometric and biochemical measurement. In conclusion DETERMINE 'Checklist' is shown be a good screening tool for finding out risk groups for dietary intake in the elderly, It needs to verify reliability and validity through large-scale survey.