• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2004

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of medicinal plants on ethanol-metabolism. Sprague Dawley rats divided into 6 groups (n=8), fed with 10% ethanol and diets supplemented with each 1% of four plant extracts, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ (as positive control) and fiber (as negative control) for 4 weeks. Group supplemented with plant extract of Ulmus davidiana showed the most high value (322 nM NADH/min/mg protein) in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity among the experimented groups $(144{\sim}312\;nM\;NADH/min/mg\;protein)$ at p<0.05. Groups fed with Lagerstroemia indica and Zelkova serrata extract-supplemented diets indicated high activity in aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH, 16.7 & 12.3 M NADH/min/mg protein), which were comparatively lower than 20.1 M NADH/min/mg protein of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ fed group. All of the groups fed with plant extracts indicated very low GPT activities $(13.9{\sim}17.3\;IU/l)$ compared to those (146.1 & 128.6 IU/l) fed with ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ and fiber at p<0.05. From these results, it is suggested that Lagerstroemia indica have a potent ethanol-metabolizing activity.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the changes in soil chemical properties and the growth of seedling according to the different dredged soil improving methods at slope of Saemangeum sea dike. Undersea dredged soil was improved by five different methods. Seedlings of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Chionanthus retusa, Celtis sinensis, and Pinus thunbergii were planted after 9 month of experience site installation, then soil pH, NaCl concentration in soil, soil organic matter (SOM), and survival rate and height of seedling was measured. Initial soil pH was highest in the control plot but it decreased to the similar level with other soil improving plots after 35 months. There were no differences in NaCl concentration between the control and soil improving plots, and it showed decreasing tendency during the study period. In the control plot, initial SOM was lowest among that of other plots during the study period. The survival rate of 36 months after planting of P. thunbergii was highest among the species. The gap of the tree growth of P. thunbergii between the control plot and the soil improving plots was small, however, other species showed relatively higher tree height in the soil improving plots than the control plots. Creation forest with P. thunbergii might be a cost effective afforestation in coastal reclaimed land since it rarely needs additional improvement of dredged soil.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2002

Objectives of this study are to make clear the vegetation structure of Hovenia dulcis community in the Korean Peninsula over ten mountains including 17 plots. The results were summarized as follows. Habitat of the community indicated that elevation ranged from 115 meter to 720 meter at the sea level, slope aspect in nearly all directions, bare rock from 0 to 90 percent, slope degree from 10$^{\circ}$ to 40$^{\circ}$, topography from valley to middle slope, the height of tree layer from 8m to 22m, the diameter at breast height from 12cm to 59cm and coverage from 65% to 95$\%$$\%$

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.159-170
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• 2013

The effect of climate change on urban woody plants remains difficult to predict in urban areas. Depending on its tolerances, a plant species may stay and survive or stay with slowly declining remnant populations under a changing climate. To predict those vulnerabilities on urban woody plants, this study suggests a basic bioclimatic envelop model of heat requirements, cold tolerance, chilling requirements and moisture requirements that are well documented as the 'climatic niche'. Each component of the 'climatic niche' is measured by the warmth index, the absolute minimum temperature, the number of chilling weeks and the water balance. Regarding the utility of the developed model, the selected urban plant's present probabilities are suggested in the future climate of Seoul. Both Korea and Japan's thermal thresholds are considered for a plant's optimal climatic niche. By considering the thermal thresholds of these two regions for the same species, the different responses observed will reflect the plant's 'hardening' process in a rising climate. The model illustrated that the subpolar plants Taxus cuspidata and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica are predicted to have low suitability in Seoul. The temperate plants Zelkova serrata and Pinus densiflora, which have a broad climatic niche, exhibited the highest present probability in the future. The subtropical plants Camellia japonica and Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii may exhibit a modest growth pattern in the late 21C's future climatic period when an appropriate frost management scheme is offered. The model can be used to hypothesize how urban ecosystems could change over time. Moreover, the developed model can be used to establish selection guidelines for urban plants with high levels of climatic adaptability.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of ampule containing herbal extract(Ulmus davidiana, Ginkgo biloba, Perilla ocymoides, Morus alba, Glycyrrhiza uralensis (licorice), and Angelica gigas) on skin wrinkles in adult women with facial wrinkles. Methods : A total of 12 women, 30 to 46 years of age, with wrinkles in the corner of eyes, applied ampule containing herbal extract twice daily for up to 12 weeks. Silicon replicas of right crow's feet area and antecubital fossa were taken before use of test product and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The replicas were analyzed by optical profilometry with Skin Visiometer SV600. The wrinkle and roughness parameters, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 were calculated and statistically analyzed. In addition, a subjective evaluation of product efficacy was conducted by patient's assessment. Results : The mean values of all the skin roughness parameters were decreased at 4-week, and decreased significantly at 8 and 12-week except R4 at 12-week after test product use. The subjective evaluation of wrinkle by patient's assessment was also improved. However, one patient noted stiffness of face after use of test product. Conclusions : These study suggested that the application of ampule containing herbal extract twice daily for 12 weeks may effectively improve the facial wrinkles without severe side effect.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.680-692
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• 2015

A landcover map watershed of downstream reach in the Gyungan stream was made by using the existing land use map and interpreting satellite images and aerial photos. Based on the map, we analyzed land use patterns of this basin. Broad-leaved forest occupied the largest area among landscape elements established in this watershed. The total area of the zone designated as the waterside district by the central government was 4.7 km² , and broad-leaved forest occupied the largest area as 33.9% in this zone. Therefore, the area did not meet the qualifications of riparian zones. Riparian vegetation established in the Gyungan stream watershed was composed of Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Salix gracilistyla, Salix koreensis. But terrestrial vegetation elements such as Ambrosia trifida, Ailanthus altissima, Robinia pseudoacacia also appeared in this area. On the other hand, Phragmites japonica, Salix gracilistyla, Salix koreensis, Salix integra, Ulmus davidiana and so on appeared in the riparian zone the reference streams. Differently from the vegetation established on the reference streams, terrestrial vegetation elements appeared frequently in the Gyungan stream watershed. This result would be due to that the Gyungan stream watershed is exposed to excessive human interferences.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.62-69
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• 2000

The bark of ash(Fraxinus rhynchophylla) and elm(Ulmus davidiana var. japonica) trees were collected, extracted with acetone-$H_2O$(7:3, v/v), fractionated with hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate, and freeze dried to give some dark brown powder. Each fraction of the powder was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol and ethanol-hexane mixture as eluents. The ash bark contained a large amount of coumarin derivatives such as aesculetin and aesculin in addition to trace amount of ligstroside and oleuropein. Most of the elm bark extractive were (+)-catechin and its glycosides such as (+)-catechin-7-O-xylopyranose and (+)-catechin-7-O-apiofuranose in addition to a small amount of procyanidin B-3, a dimeric (+)-catechin. NMR and FAB-MS spectrometric analyses were performed to characterize the structures of isolated phenolic compounds.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2008

Host plants of Ectinohoplia rufipes (Mitschulsky) were investigated in golf courses in Gapyeong, Gyeonggi. Ten plant species in 7 families were observed to be fed on from golf courses. Thus, total number of host plants of Ectinohoplia rufipes were 94 species in 30 families. Rhododendron indicum and Rhododendron japonicum for. flavum in Ericaceae, Euonymus alata for. ciliato-dentatus in Celastraceae, Ulmus davidiana for. suberosa in Ulmaceae, Malus pumila var. dulcissima and Malus baccata in Rosaceae, Weigela florida for. subricdor in Caprifoliaceae, Betula platyphylla var. japonica in Betulaceae, Salix purpurea var. japonica in Salicaceae, and Quercus palustris in Fagaceae were newly listed host plants of Ectinohoplia rufipes in golf courses. Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Malus pumila var. dulcissima and Quercus palustris were heavily damaged host plants of Ectinohoplia rufipes.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.427-451
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• 1992

The nematodes associated with forest trees were surveyed in the National Parks and Mountains in Korea. A total of 73 species on 28 genera were identified from rhizosphere of 154 tree s species. Platycarya strobilacea, Ulmus davidiana and Acer ginnala were known to new host p plants of Meloinema kerongens. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was detected only in Pusan on Pi$\pi$us t thunbergii, B. mucronatus was detected in Cheju, Masan, and Chinhae. Insect parasitic nemat todes, Prothallonema intermedium, on P. rigida in Daegu, P. thunbergii in Cheju city, Namwonu up, Gujoa-up and Aewol-up. The number of nematode species according to forest trees was t the highest on P. thunbergii to 32 species, followed by 24 species on Abies holophylla, 20 species on Zelkova serrata, 19 species on Diospyros kaki, 18 species on Quercus acutissima, respectively. L Localities of distribution according to nematode species were as follows; Crico$\pi$emella i$\pi$formis i in 81, X. americanum in 74, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni in 51, C. macrodora in 35, H Hemicriconemoides varionodus and Ogma serratum in 31, Pararotylenchus pini in 25, H Hemicycliophora koreana in 24, Aphelenchus avenae and C. pseudohercyniensis in 24, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.555-561
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the suitable place for growth by analyzing the ecological environment of multi-use tree species to be spontaneous in Chungbuk Province, and derive the suitable place for forestation. At the test of the independence of multi-use tree species, as the significant correlation of the other tree species except Quercus acutissima - Zanthoxylum schinifolium was different by the survey location, it is concluded that the share relation of the ecological niche among tree species is largely influenced not only by the affinity of tree species but the growth environment. As the result of the correlation analysis between environment factors and tree clusters, it was analyzed that tree clusters were much influenced by the topography and the altitude among the variable environment factors; the topography, altitude, the direction of hillside, the slope and the number of tree species appearing. It was investigated that the cluster of Acer mono - Betula costata was distributed to the valley from low hillside to have high altitude, and the clusters of Kalopanax pictus - Ulmus davidiana var. japonica and Fraxinus rhynchophylla - Rhus trichocarpa were sporadically distributed to broad location because their geographical adaptation powers are high.