• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.511-541
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• 2011

The study analyzes the optimum Korea-China FTA negotiations by utilizing the Putnam's two- level game theoretic approach. According to the Putnam's theory, the size of the win-set depends on the strategies of the Level 1 negotiators. The size of the win-set depends also on the level 2 political institutions and the distribution of power, preferences, and possible conditions among Level 2 constituents. The basic principles for the successful future Korea-China FTA negotiations should be based on comprehensiveness, substantial liberalization and gradual liberalization with consideration of sensitive sectors. This study concludes that mid-level FTA strategy with comprehensive but low tariff reduction would be of best strategy for Korea. This study also suggests the utilization of the EHP(Early Harvest Program) for the successful Korea-China FTA negotiations.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.139-149
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to check out whether the method that students make problems and anouence them to both students and teacher in the next class influence on the students' intersts, attitudes, logical thinking ability and lerning achievement in mathematics. The following is the experimental design and procedure. First, the author divided students into two groups. One is the experimental group and the other is the control group. These two groups' students consist of the advanced level, the intermediate level and the elementary level according to the students' learning proficiency Second, the author used the different teaching method between the experimental group and the control group. The author gave the experimental group's students the learning assignment problems according to their three levels and made students present the problems to the instructor and classmates in the next class. On the other hand, the author gave the control group's students learning assignment problems according to their three levels, and made them only submit their assingment to the instructor. The results of this study are as follows : 1)The method of solving and presenting the self-made problems on the basis of the informations to solve the given preceding model learning problems according to students' levels made students' learning attitudes more positive even though the method couldn't enhance the students' interests in mathematics. 2)The method of solving and presenting the self-made problems was effective to improve the logical thinking ability for especially the intermediate level's students among the three levels. In addition, the intermediate level's students showed great positive changes in their improvements of the learning achievment. It is assumed that this result is caused by two major factors(reasons). One is students' confidence that they can solve the fundamental problems without difficulty. And the other is students' desire to solve the problems of the intermediate level or more advanced level.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.490-501
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• 1994

In this study the problems of cell marking method used in the field of ATM network traffic control are presented. Also an extended cell marking method considering the user level priority is proposed. The conventional traffic monitoring schemes set the CLP bit of a cell to 1 only under the circumstance of the violation of traffic contract. It causes that the number of low level cells increases and the levels of cells are lowered regardless of the user level priority. The three level priority control method combining FCI bit with CLP bit has also been proposed. It divides CLP=0 cells into two levels. Consequently, the proposed method preserves more cells in high level than the conventional one and the real loss of high level cells can be reduced. The performance of the proposed scheme has also been analyzed by the PBS(partial buffer sharing) with two thresholds for the proposed three levels. The result shows that the PBS with two thresholds can give more efficient control than the scheme with no priority, or the PBS with one threshold.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.329-363
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• 2011

This study is on the influence of organizational climates on social workers' professionalism in Social Welfare Centers, based on measurements of the recognition levels provided by the organizational climates. I collected 570 samples from social workers who are presently working at social welfare centers, and analyzed the data using T-test, ANOVA and Hierarchical Regression Analysis. The results of this Study are: I researched the effect of organizational climates on the professional capability and ethical responsibility of social workers in the Social Welfare Centers. First, from theoretical considerations, I controlled for the general variables which affected the observed professional capability and ethical responsibility of social workers (Level 1). And then, I examined the explanatory results to see the effect of the organizational factors (Level 2). Through Hierarchical Regression Analysis, the level one analysis showed the effect of the general factors on professional capability (4.4 %) and ethical responsibility (3.3%). The level two analyses showed the added effect of the organizational factors on professional capability (21.4 %) and ethical responsibility (21.1%). By adding the organizational factors, the R2 of professional capability increases 17% and that of ethical responsibility increases to 17.8%. These results are statistically significant. The level two organizational factors significantly affecting professional capability were Autonomy, Supervision, Task Assignment, position and work place. Ethical responsibility was affected significantly by level two organizational subcategory factors of Autonomy, Supervision, Task Assignment, gender and education level and work place. Incentive didn't have any effect on the professional capability or ethical responsibility.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.91-99
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• 2019

Many researchers in various study fields use the two sample t-test to confirm their treatment effects. The two sample t-test is generally used for small samples, and assumes that two independent random samples are selected from normal populations, and the population variances are unknown. Researchers often conduct F-test, the test of equality of variances, before testing the treatment effects, and the test statistic or confidence interval for the two sample t-test has two formats according to whether the variances are equal or not. Researchers using the two sample t-test often want to know how large sample sizes they need to get reliable test results. This research gives some guidelines for sample sizes to them through simulation works. The simulation had run for normal populations with the different ratios of two variances for different sample sizes (${\leq}30$). The simulation results are as follows. First, if one has no idea equality of variances but he/she can assume the difference is moderate, it is safe to use sample size at least 20 in terms of the nominal level of significance. Second, the power of F-test for the equality of variances is very low when the sample sizes are small (<30) even though the ratio of two variances is equal to 2. Third, the sample sizes at least 10 for the two sample t-test are recommendable in terms of the nominal level of significance and the error limit.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2015

We introduce a surplus process which follows a diffusion process with positive drift and is subject to two types of claim. We assume that type I claim occurs more frequently, however, its size is stochastically smaller than type II claim. We obtain the ruin probability that the level of the surplus becomes negative, and then, decompose the ruin probability into three parts, two ruin probabilities caused by each type of claim and the probability that the level of the surplus becomes negative naturally due to the diffusion process. Finally, we illustrate a numerical example, when the sizes of both types of claim are exponentially distributed, to compare the impacts of two types of claim on the ruin probability of the surplus along with that of the diffusion process.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.923-932
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• 1997

In this paper, we propose a two-level hybrid signature file method(THM) to dffciently deal with large txt databases that use a term discrimination concept.In addition, we apply Yoo's clustering scheme to the two-level hybeid signature file method. The clustering schme groups similar signatures together according to the similarity of the highly discriminatiory tems so that we may achive better performance on retrival. The space-time ana-lyhtical model of the proposed two-level hybrid method is provided. Based on the analytical model and experiments, we compare it with the exsting methods, i.e. the bit-sliced method(BM), the-level method(TM), and the hybrid method(HM). As a result, we show that THM achives the best retrival performance in a large database with 100,000 records when the mumber fo matching records is less than 160.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.51-70
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• 2013

This paper develops a model to predict the adoption and level of usage of network technology in a two-level supply chain with buyer-supplier relationships. A firm's adoption of a new technology depends not only on its own beliefs of the new technology's costs and benefits, but also on the adoption decisions of other firms in the supply chain. A model first analyzes an individual supplier's decision about a new technology adoption considering with multiple suppliers and buyers. Individual suppliers' decisions are aggregated with a population model to project how new technology diffuses across the supply chain and examine the pattern of diffusion process. This study found that as more firms adopt in initial periods, the total amount of information to the potential adopters in the population increases, and then the number of firms persuaded by the information increases as the process moves up the distribution of adoption process. We consider three factors influencing the diffusion speed of the new technology in a supply chain network : mean benefits, cost sharing, and information provision. This study examines how such factors affect the reduction of threshold levels, which implies that reductions in threshold levels have an aggregate effect by accelerating the rate of adoption. In particular, we explore relationship factors available in practice in a buyer-supplier relationship and numerically examines how these relationship factors contribute to increase the diffusion speed of the technology in a two-level supply chain.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.50-60
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to apply the joint mobilization technique to the level of segments with pain and to the level of segments with hypomobility respectively and compare the immediate effects of the joint mobilization technique on the pain, the active cervical range of motion (ROM), and treatment satisfaction of patients with acute mechanical neck pain. After the baseline assessment, forty-two patients were randomized into two groups: a painful group ($n_1=21$) that received joint mobilization at the most painful cervical spine level and a hypomobile group ($n_2=21$) that received joint mobilization at the most hypomobile cervical level. The patients received an intervention that applied unilateral posterior-anterior gliding for 5 minutes and two repetitions of 10 times of active extension motion with distraction. In the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the painful group and the hypomobile group were improved significantly in all pain variables (p<.001), while the painful group was improved significantly in the active cervical flexion (p<.001), extension (p<.001), left side-bending (p<.01), right side-bending (p=.001), left rotation (p<.001), and right rotation (p<.001). The hypomobile group was significantly improved in active cervical flexion (p=.001), extension (p<.001), left side-bending (p<.05), right side-bending (p=.001), left rotation (p=.001), and right rotation (p<.01) after intervention. In the Mann-Whitney U test, there was no significant difference in any of the dependent variables after the intervention between the two groups, but the painful group was slightly superior to the hypomobile group in all variables except for the right lateral flexion ROM and treatment satisfaction. These outcomes suggest that the cervical joint mobilization may be applied to either the level of painful segments or the hypomobile segments for the treatment of patients with acute mechanical neck pain.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.295-317
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• 1991

The discrepancy between centric relation and centric occlusion have a great role on the successful prosthodontic and occlusal treatment. This study was performed to investigate the effect of the discrepancy between centric relation and centric occlusion on condylar guidance inclination and Bennett shift (immediate and progressive side shift). Sixteen adults who have physiologically normal occlusion and are free of TMJ dysfunction were selected. The amount of the sagittal CR-CO discrepancy in lower anterior incisor was obtained by Saphon Visi-Trainer. The amount of the CR-CO discrepancy in condylar level was measured on the individualized corrected tomography. Pantronic survey was performed by using a arbitrary hinge axis according to manufacturer's direction. All subjects were divided into two groups, group I (small) and group II (large), according to the amount of CR-CO discrepancy. At first the amount of the CR-CO discrepancy in condylar level between two groups was compared and then the condylar guidance inclination and Bennett shift between two groups were compared and analyzed. The results were as follows; 1. The average CR-CO discrepancy in lower anterior incisors was 0.7mm superoinferiorly, 0.49mm anteroposteriorly, and 0.88 mm in total. The average CR-CO discrepancy in condylar level was 0.43mm. 2. The CR-CO discrepancy measured on teeth level and condylar level were highly correlated (p<0.01). 3. The correlation of the condylar position in the glenoid fossa between two groups was not statistically significant. 4. The large CR-CO discrepancy group showed greater amount of Bennett shift and condylar guidance inclination, but there is no statistical significancy. 5. It seems that the CR-CO discrepancy have greater effect on progressive side shift than other elements of mandibular movements.