• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1297-1309
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of shirt color, tie color, tone, perceiver' gender on impression formation by applying tone-in-tone coloration of shirt and necktie: coloration of two colors. This experiment was designed to utilize the $2{\times}6{\times}4{\times}2$ factorial designs. and they are shirt color(red, blue), tie color(red, yellow red, yellow, green, blue, purple), tone(vivid, light, dull, dark), and perceiver' gender(a male, a female). The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 48 upper body photographs which were color outputs by CAD system(4D-box program). The subjects of this research were 288 male and 288 female college students. There were established impression dimension from factor analysis 27 bi-polar adjectives and investigated the effect of interaction between each variable affected impression formations. The items of the adjectives are classified into 4 Impression dimensions: activity, potency, attractiveness, and tenderness. Shirt color, tie color, tone, and perceiver' gender influenced on impression formation. Specially, tie color and tone influenced on the 4 impression dimension greatly by interaction as well as independently. As a result tie is very important clue of impression formation in tone-in-tone coloration of shirt and necktie. Even though tie occupies only a small area in men's clothes it has great effect since it is close to the face.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2010

Detecting rebars in side the concrete structures is one of the important steps in assessing condition of the structure. In order to determine the detection capability of locating rebars inside the concrete, two types of equipments, which use radar system and electromagnetic system each, were tested. Four concrete specimens which have the dimensions of $1,000mm(length){\times}300mm(width)$ with different thickness and diameter of steel bars were applied. A series of testing was achieved after drying in air for 90 days, immersed in water for 3, 24, 48 hour and 28 day. From the experimental outcome, it is shown that error is increased as the diameter of rebar enlarge in case of electromagnetic method. In case of radar method, the detection of embedded rebars in deep is good in the view of reliability. As moisture content increase from 3.6% to 5.5%, the relative permittivity of concrete test specimens show tendency to increase, too. Therefore, it is shown that moisture content is one of the major contributing factors to determine the relative permittivity. And the relative permittivity regression equation is suggested.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.153-168
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• 2008

This study investigates how high achievers solve a given mathematical problem. The problem, which comes from 'SanHakIbMun', a Korean mathematics book from eighteenth century, is not used in regular courses of study. It requires students to determine the area of a gnomon given four dimensions(4,14,4,22). The subjects are 84 sixth grade elementary school students who, at the recommendation of his/her school principal, participated in the mathematics competition held by J university. The methods used by these students can be classified into two approaches: numerical and decomposing-reconstructing, which are subdivided into three and six methods respectively. Of special note are a method which assumes algebraic feature, and some methods which appear in the history of eastern mathematics. Based on the result, we may observe a great variance in methods used, despite the fact that nearly half of the subject group used the numerical approach.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.119-145
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the latent styles of attachment across four major attachment figures (i.e., father, mother, best friend, and romantic partner) for Korean emerging adults. In this study, adult attachment had two dimensions (i.e., attachment anxiety and avoidance) and was measured by the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures (ECR-RS). Data came from 317 undergraduate students in nine universities across the nation. A latent profile analysis classified the sample into four groups. (a) The "somewhat father avoidant secure" group reported the lowest levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance across close relationships but was moderately avoidant in their relationship with the father. (b) The "overall avoidant" group had the highest levels of attachment avoidance across close relationships, but along with the "father avoidant secure" group, they had the lowest levels of attachment anxiety. (c) The "romantic anxious" group was unique with the highest level of attachment anxiety toward romantic partners while reporting relatively lower levels of attachment avoidance across relationships. (d) The "overall anxious-avoidant" group was the highest in attachment anxiety and avoidance across all of their close relationships except for attachment avoidance from best friends and romantic partners, which were the highest among the "overall avoidant" group. These four groups also differed in their levels of depressive symptoms and affection for the father and the mother. This study uniquely contributes to the literature by identifying the latent attachment styles considering four attachment figures and examining the characteristics of these attachment styles.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2012

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the initial effects of maxillary expansion therapy with Hyrax appliance and to evaluate the related changes in maxillary sinus volume. Materials and Methods : Thirty patients (20 females, 10 males; 13.8 years) requiring maxillary expansion therapy, as part of their comprehensive orthodontic treatment, were examined. Each patient had cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images taken before (T1) and after (T2) maxillary expansion therapy with a banded Hyrax appliance. Multiplanar slices were used to measure linear dimensions and palatal vault angle. Volumetric analysis was used to measure maxillary sinus volumes. Student t tests were used to compare the pre- and post-treatment measurements. Additionally, differences between two age groups were compared with Mann-Whitney U test. The level of significance was set at p=0.05. Results : Comparison of pre-treatment to post-treatment variables revealed significant changes in the transverse dimension related to both maxillary skeletal and dental structures and palatal vault angle, resulting in a widened palatal vault (p<0.05). Hard palate showed no significant movement in the vertical and anteroposterior planes. Nasal cavity width increased on a mean value of 0.93mm(SD=0.23, p<0.05). Maxillary sinus volume remained virtually stable. No significant age differences were observed in the sample. Conclusion : Hyrax expansion therapy did not have a significant impact on maxillary sinus volume.

• 기술발표회
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• s.2006
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• pp.320-328
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• 2006

In this test, there was two dimensional model loading test implemented for analysis with respect to the problem of evaluating bearing capacity and the application range on the dredged and reclaimed ground. It was got following conclusion through comparison of button's and Brown&Meyerhof"s equation with experimental result that was obtained by 2 dimensions model loading test. For the difference between average undrained shear strength by 2/3B of loading board width and under 2/3B is more than ${\pm}$ 50%, application of Nc(coefficient of bearing capacity was used in that case $\phi$=0 analysis is considered in the single layer) was declined. Brown&Meyerhof(1969)'s equation was underestimated comparing with loading test result, while Button(1953)'s equation was overestimated comparing with loading test result applied dividing as double layers of upper dessication layer and lower soft layer about dredged and reclaimed ground. Also, bearing capacity factors, Nc that was calculated by using button's equation was estimated greatly about 1.7 times more than bearing capacity factors, Nc that was calculated by using Brown&Meyerhof's equation. Bearing capacity factors, Nc that was calcuated by using Brown&Meyerhof's and Button's equation was evaluated each 2.3-3.6 times, 1.3-2.1 times smaller than bearing capacity factors, Nc5.14 that was calcuated by using Meyerhof's equation in case of unit layer.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.461-479
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• 1997

The concept map is the diagram of two dimensions which hierachically arrays main concepts from those of the textbook and shows their relations. The research analyzed five of the ten high school earthscience textbooks approved by the Minister of Education according to the 6th reformed curriculum in 1995, one of which this research chose to make out the concept maps. The chapter [III. the Universe] contains the outer space of the earth presents new concepts about the stars and the universe and introduces the latest research in astronomy. This study changed textbook contents into Novak's concept map, searched for concepts requiring complement for learners in oder to obtain concepts from those of the textbook and pointed out problems on the basis of that result still better concept map is set up. We have the following conclusions. First, it is necessary to rule out unnecessary small units so as to make more effective understanding and to rearrange the units to have relation to contents. Second, the higher concept and lower concept need to be rearranged systematically in making an array of textbook contents. Third, the concept should have something to do with learners' experences and consciousness by showing learners the real examples relevant to the concept for the link between them.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.332-348
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• 1995

The use of attitude as a psychological concepts dates back to 1918(Thomas and Znaniecki). Assessment of attitudes has been conducted by a number of researchers since then in a wide range of contexts: religion, government, industry, community interrelations, and education; and sociology and psychology. In science, the number of research summaries and meta-analyses points to the significance of the concept of attitude toward science. However, in spite of the wide spread use of attitude assessment in science, many of the existing instruments have severe limitations. Those limitations serve as the rationale for the construction of a new instrument to assess attitudes toward science The term "attitude" and "science" are somewhat ambiguous, taking on different meanings for different people in different contexts. Very often an assessment includes several dimensions of attitude and, therefore, provides no clear idea of what was really measured. As a result there is no consistency with respect to the construct among attitude instruments. To clarify this issue, Gauld(1982), Munby(1983a, 1983b), Blosser(1984) and Haladyna and Shaughnessy(1982) offer some guiding descriptions. Attitude as it relates to science is divided into two areas-scientific attitude and attitude toward science. Scientific attitude refers to a particular approach a person assumes for solving problems, for assessing ideas and information, and for making decisions. It includes such scientific methods and predispositions as objectivity, suspended judgement, critical evaluation, and skepticism. Munby(1983a, 1983b) characterized scientific attitude as thinking as scientists do, that is, acting on evidence in a disciplined way. Attitude toward science. on the other hand, may address scientific attitudes, scientists, scientific careers, methods of teaching science, scientific interests, parts of curriculum, or the subject of science in the classroom (Blosser,1984). It may refer to belief about processes, theoretical products, technological products, or the science-technology relationship (Munby, 1983).

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.5-30
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• 2010

This paper offers an alternative approach to measure the welfare state change by using fuzzy-set methodology. The fuzzy-set method is particularly useful for assessing change across a limited number of cases, and that it can help to translate interval fuzzy membership scores into verbal qualifiers. Applying the measurement of welfare state change, four sets(accessibility, generosity, activation, state's care responsibility) in two dimensions(old and new social risks) have been identified, which reflect theoretical importance. The analysis sets out fuzzy membership scores for 12 OECD countries in the 16 possible welfare state ideal types. This paper found that each country has its own strategies to deal with the changes, however, the changes are not dramatic or a qualitative one. This does not mean that there are no changes, but that are no paradigm shifts or path breaking in the welfare state changes.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 2015

Artifact pattern representation of a method using the digital technology is largely are two digital rubbing technique and digital contrast technique. Digital rubbing technique is clearly with the naked eye to see the original prestigious and difficult to build a digital rubbing data patterns by scanning a prestigious and patterns carved into the artifacts in three dimensions without compromising the circle to represent the three-dimensional effect by contrast it to the objective value refers to a technique that can be represented in digital. Digital contrast technique can not be calculated if the depth information of the object due to the glassy film of artefacts in a three-dimensional surface scanning and the application of this technique refers to a realistic image mapped digital technique for generating digital image contrast. Digital rubbing technique is mainly useful to express the most prestigious and patterns expressed in pottery or tile and stone monument, etc. engraved or embossed, digital contrast techniques can be used effectively to artifacts such as magnetic or glass can not be applied to the digital rubbing technique.