• Title/Summary/Keyword: turfgrass cultivars

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Comparison of the Growth Characteristics of Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) Cultivars at Mountain Area (고산지역에서의 크리핑 벤트그래스 품종 생육특성 비교)

  • Jeong, Jun Ki;Lee, Jong Min;Kim, Ki Dong;Lee, Jeong Ho;Joo, Young Kyoo
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.283-291
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    • 2013
  • This experiment was carried out for the selection of suitable cultivars on the green and fairway at the mountain area. The climate data showed that differences of altitude influenced greater than latitude on temperature and rainfall when compared with 3 areas of the central of Gyeong-gi and Yeong-seo, and the mountain area at Yeong-seo. The plot was prepared with the USGA profiles for green and modified California style for fairway at the mountain golf course in Wonju, Korea. The growth characteristics were compared on two different profiles for 3 years of growing seasons after seeding with 5 creeping bentgrass cultivars. 'T-1' and 'CY-2' showed a rapid greenup compare with other cultivars in spring of 2010 with the both green and fairway mowing height. However, 'Penncross' resulted the slowest among cultivars. 'T-1' showed the most prominent visual quality of overall rate and the deepest root length after one year of seeding, while 'Penncross' showed an excellent result of root length and weight during summer season. However, 'Penn A-1' had an imperial result in that season. Comparison of the growth characteristics under green and fairway conditions, 'T-1' and 'CY-2' showed exellent overall results at the mountain area at Yeong-seo area in Korea.

Application of Organic Fertilizer Preparation for Increasing of Coverage and Growth of Cool Season Turfgrasses (한지형 잔디의 피복 율과 생육 증진을 위한 유기질비료 제제의 살포)

  • Koo, Jun Hwak;Heo, Hyug Jae;Kim, Yang Sun;Yun, Jeong Ho;Chang, Seog Won;Jeon, Jong Yeob;Chang, Tae hyun
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.268-277
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    • 2015
  • Organic fertilizer preparation was developed with organic materials to improve growth and qualities of cool-season turfgrass species. Organic fertilizer preparation were contained with essential macronutrient elements and organic matter for growth of cool season turfgrass. Four preparations of organic fertilizers were tested on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds) cultivar Penn-A1 and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) mixed cultivars (Midnight 33%, Moonlight 33%, and Prosperity 33%) by one time application on fifty days after sowing. Two species of cool season turfgrasses were evaluated on turfgrass coverage, growth on NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and qualities from fall season to spring season in sod producing farm. It were found significantly difference found on turfgrass coverage, turf color, chlorophyll contents and growth increase on two species of cool season turfgrasses. Turfgrass coverage, chlorophyll content, turf color and growth increase of organic fertilizer preparation were significantly increased on creeping bentgrass cultivar and Kentucky bluegrass mixed cultivar for six time investigation in spring season. These results may indicate that the use of some preparation is beneficial for sod producing sod and turfgrass management.

Different Physiological Activity of Selected Rice Cultivars to Diphenylether Herbicide, Oxyfluorfen - I. Differential Responses of the Calli, Cells and Protoplasts (Oxyfluorfen에 대한 내성(耐性) 및 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)의 생리활성(生理活性) 기구(機構) - I. Callus, 단세포(單細胞) 및 원형질체(原形質體) 반응(反應))

  • Kuk, Y.I.;Guh, J.O.;Lee, E.K.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.42-53
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    • 1996
  • The tolerant and susceptible rice cultivars to oxyfluorfen were selected from 400 rice cultivars in a laboratory, and tested in comparison with barnyardgrass, a typical oxyfluorfen susceptible weed. The responses to oxyfluorfen in the different levels of calli, cells and protoplasts of the rice cultivars were investigated. $I_{50}$ value of the tolerant rice cultivars was about $10^{-4}M$, whereas that of the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass was about $10^{-6}M$, showing significant difference between the two groups. The growth rate of calli segregated from the tolerant rice cultivars was higher than that from the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass by treatment of oxyfluorfen to the calli. The growth rate of suspension-cultured cells of the tolerant rice cultivars was higher than that of the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass after treatment of oxyfluorfen. The viability of protoplasts from the tolerant rice cultivars was higher than that from the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass after one or two hours of oxyfluorfen treatment. The intactness of protoplasts from the tolerant rice cultivars was also higher than that form the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass.

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Weed Management Using a Potential Allelopathic Crop (제초제(除草劑) 신기능(新機能) 작물품종(作物品種) 이용(利用) 잡초방제(雜草防除) 기술(技術))

  • Kim, Kil-Ung;Park, Kwang-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.80-93
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    • 1997
  • Allelopathic compounds as naturally occurring herbicide have originally reported from local vegetation since B.C. 300. These compounds are known as secondary plant metabolites which released from plants into the environment often attract or repel, nourish or poison other organisms. In recent, many natural plant allelochemicals be used to attempt to biologically or ecologically control weed among worldwide weed scientists. Some allelochemicals have also used as fungicides, insecticides, and nematodicides, and were less than man-made agrochemicals to damage the global ecosystem. It makes efficient use of resources internal to the farm, relies on a minimum of purchased inputs. Some scientists selected for allelopathic activity when breeding weed-controlling cultivars of rice, sorghum, cucumber, surflower etc. Thus, this paper is focused on allelopathic compounds isolated from cultivated crop with the high potential of prospective herbicides. The most environmentally acceptable and sustainable approach to utilization of allelopathy for weed control is to develop plant cultivars with proven allelopathic characteristics. In rice accessions, there are 60 cultivars/lines which have known as allelopathic activity and some of these cultivars control weed more less 90% within certain radius of activity. These accessions are originated from 15 countries including Korea, Japan, USA, India, Philippines, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Afghanistan, Mali, Pakistan, Colombia, Egypt, China, and Dom. Rep. From these cultivars, the most common allelopathic compounds identified in rice are p-Hydroxybenzoic, Vanillic, p-Coumaric, and Ferulic acids. In addition, allelopathic lines of the following crop have shown inhibition of weed growth : beet (Beta vulgaris), lupin(Lupinus spp.), com(Zea mays), Wheat(Triticum aestivum), oats(Avena spp.) peas(Pisum sativum), barley(Hordeum vulgare), rye(Secale cereale), and cucumber(Cucumis sativus). Thus, future allelopathy research must be designed its potentially phytotoxic propertices and the ecotoxic features of the allelochemicals from release to degradation ; its ecological sustainability, its allelopathic effect in early growth. stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical concentrations. Also, research approach in allelopathy might be screened for highly allelopathic germplasm collection of crops, the idea being to ultimately transfer this agronomic character into improved cultivars by either conventional breeding or other genetic transfer techniques.

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Different Physiological Activity of Selected Rice Cultivars to Diphenylether Herbicide, Oxyfluorfen - II. Different Anatomical and Ultrastructural Responses (Oxyfluorfen에 대한 내성(耐性) 및 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)의 생리활성(生理活性) 기구(機構) - II. 잎 표면(表面), 해부(解剖) 및 미세구조(微細構造) 반응(反應))

  • Kuk, Y.I.;Guh, J.O.;Pyon, J.Y.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.54-63
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    • 1996
  • This study was conducted to investigate the anatomical and ultrastructural responses of the oxyfluorfen-tolerant and -susceptible rice cultivars with barnyardgrass, a typical susceptible weed by oxyfluorfen and the herbicides having similar mode of action treatment. After the treatment of $10^{-5}M$ oxyfluorfen, the tolerant rice cultivars no showed the structural damage of leaf surface, but the susceptible rice cultivate was damaged in the wax and the susceptible barnyardgrass was even destroyed in the tissue irregularly. Also in the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass the thickness of leaf blade was greatly decreased. The anatomical change was not observed in the tolerant rice cultivars but epidermal cells, mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells were badly broken in the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass and especially after 24 hours of the treatment the structure of susceptible rice cultivars was completely disintegrated. The irregularity of chloroplast shape and the distortion of chloroplast envelope were generally observed and the starch tended to decrease by oxyfluorfen treatment regardless of rice cultivars. Such a structural damage were appeared more badly in the susceptible rice cultivars and bamyardgrass than in the tolerant rice cultivars. By the treatment of diphenyl ether herbicides, the thickness of leaf blade greatly reduced in the order of oxyfluorfen > acifluorfen > bifenox > oxadiazon, and the susceptible rice cultivars showed more reduction than the tolerant rice cultivars. Especially, the susceptible rice cultivars showed that the leaf structure was badly broken down with damage epidermal cells and bundle sheath cells.

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Sod Production in South Korea (한국의 잔디 생산 현황)

  • Choi, Joon-Soo;Yang, Geun-Mo
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.237-251
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    • 2006
  • This study was carried out to provide data on current sod production in South Korea. Fifteen items were surveyed including production acreage, species and cultivars, experience on farming, production cost and the others during April to October in 2006. To estimate production acreage, 73 turfgrass growers were interviewed. Estimated acreage for turfgrass production was 2,947 ha. Acreages by province were 1,417 ha in Jeollanam-do(48%), 442 ha in Jeollabuk-do(14.9%), 344 ha in Gyeonggi-do(11.6%), 248 ha in Gyeongsangnam-do(8.4%), and 240 ha in Chungcheongnam-do(8.1%), respectively. The major sod producing regions were Jangseong-gun, Hampyeong-gun, Yeonggwang-gun, Gochang-gun, Sacheon city, Iksan city, Yeoju city, Yeoncheon-gun. Percentage of turf growers over 50 years old was 72.4 percent, which means production was carried out mainly by old farmers. Grower's career over 10 years was 84.8%. Cultivated species and varieties were 'Junggi'(55.5%) of fine-textured Korean lawngrass, common Korean lawngrass(37.4%), Kentucky bluegrass(3.8%), and new zoysiagrass cultivars(0.1%), respectively. Sod size were variable. Sod size of $18{\times}18cm $ was 43.5 percent. Sales route was mainly through sod distributor(40.5%). Sod producing cost was $2,160{\sim}2,730$ won per square meter at Jeolla-do areas.

Aggressiveness of Three Snow Mold Fungi on Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars under Controlled Environment Conditions

  • Chang, Seog-Won;Jung, Geun-Hwa
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.6-12
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    • 2009
  • Snow molds are the most important winter diseases of turfgrass in the United States and Canada. Eight isolates of three snow mold fungal species (three isolates of Typhula ishikariensis, three of T. incarnata, and two of Microdochium nivale) were collected from infected turfgrasses on golf courses. The isolates were evaluated for their relative aggressiveness on three cultivars (L-93, Penncross, and Providence) of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) under the same controlled conditions. Four plant ages (15, 19, 23 and 27 week-old plants from germination to inoculation) were evaluated for their susceptibility to the three pathogens and for the recovery of the plants. Regardless of age or cultivar of the host plant, M. nivale was found to be more aggressive and faster to infect and colonize than Typhula species. After three weeks recovery, M. nivale-inoculated plants showed higher disease severity than plants inoculated with the two Typhula species. Plants infected by Typhula species displayed no significant difference in disease severity. As creeping bentgrass plants get older, the severity of disease caused by three snow molds gradually decreases. This effect was observed in all cultivars tested, suggesting expression of age-related resistance as the bentgrass plants matured.

Response of Barley Cultivars to Butachlor, Terbutryn, and Methabenzthiazuron (Butachlor, Terbutryn과 Methabenzthiazuron에 대한 보리의 품종간(品種間) 반응차이(反應差異))

  • Pyon, Jong-Yeong;Kim, Tae-Hoon
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.100-104
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    • 1983
  • Responses of barley cultivars including 8 covered barley cultivars and 8 naked barley cultivars to butachlor, terbutryn, and methabenzthiazuron were evaluated by determinating crop injury, dry weight and chlorophyll content of barley seedlings. Most barley cultivars were tolerant to butachlor at 1478 ai/10a (recommended rate) but Olbori, Dongbori, and Gangbori were slightly sensitive to butachlor at 294g ai/10a. Sensitivity to terbutryn was generally greater in naked barley cultivars than hulled barley cultivars. Dongbori, Buhobori, and Bunong of hulled barley and Bangsa #6, Kwangseung, Nonsangwa # 1-6, and Iri #4 of naked barley were highly sensitive to terbutryn at 350g ai/10a (double dosage). Most barley cultivars were relatively tolerant to methabenzthiazuron except Iri #4. Dry weight of barley seedlings was not reduced by butachlor, terbutryn, and methabenzthiazuron at recommended rate. However, terbutryn at 350g ai/l0a greatly reduced dry weight of all barley cultivars, especially naked barley cultivars. Chlorophyll content of Owealbori, Dongbori #1, Jogangbori, Bangsa #6, Backdong, and Kwangseung was slightly reduced by butachlor. Terbutryn at 175g ai/10a reduced chlorophyll content of Owealbori, Olbori, and Nonsangwa #1-6 and all cultivars were greatly reduced by terbutryn at 350g ai/10a. Methabenzthiazuron slightly reduced chlorophyll content of Jogangbori, Dongbori #1, Owealbori, Backdong, Kwangseung, and Nonsangwa # 1-6.

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Different Physiological Activity of Selected Rice Cultivars to Diphenylether Herbicide, Oxyfluorfen - V. Different Content of Antioxidant and GST Activity (Oxyfluorfen에 대한 내성(耐性) 및 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)의 생리활성(生理活性) 기구(機構) - V. 항산화제(抗酸化劑) 함량(含量) 및 GST 활성(活性))

  • Kuk, Y.I.;Guh, J.O.;Park, R.D.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.327-336
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    • 1996
  • This study was conducted to investigate the content of antioxidant and GST activity of the oxyfluorfen-tolerant and -susceptible rice cultivars with barnyardgrass, a typical susceptible weed in accordance by oxyfluorfen treatment. The content of vitamin C was higher in the tolerant rice cultivar than in the susceptible rice cultivar and barnyardgrass. The contents of vitamin E, carotenoid, glutathione(GSH, GSSG, total glutathione) were not different between the tolerant and susceptible plants. In the case of the content of vitamin C due to the treatment of oxyfluorfen, the tolerant rice cultivars, Hawon and Baru decreased less than the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass. After the treatment of oxyfluorfen the contents of vitamin E and GSH in the tolerant rice cultivars were higher than in the susceptible rice cultivars or barnyardgrass. But in the content of carotenoid was greater in the tolerant rice cultivars than in the susceptible rice cultivars but they didn`t have any difference in comparison with the susceptible barnyardgrass. And there was no difference in the content of GSSG between the tolerant and susceptible plants. When CDNB or oxyfluorfen were used as substrate, the GST activity, was higher in the tolerant rice cultivars than in the susceptible rice cultivars or batnyardgrass. After the treatment of oxyfluorfen the GST activity was not induced in the rice, but was induced in the barnyardgrass. Even after the treatment of acifluorfen, bifenox and oxadiazon the GST activity was not induced in the rice cultivars.

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Characteristics of Sensitive HIS1 Genes to the 4-HPPD Inhibiting Rice Herbicides Isolated from Several Rice Cultivars (몇 가지 벼 품종으로부터 분리한 4-HPPD저해 제초제에 감수성인 HIS1 유전자 특성)

  • Kim, Sang-Su;Park, Jae-Eup;Kim, Ye-Jin;Lee, Yong-Hwan;Lee, In-Yong;Lee, Jeongran;Moon, Byeng-Chul;Ihm, Yang-Bin
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.187-190
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to determine phytotoxicity of domestic rice varieties and characteristic of sensitive gene involved in herbicide reaction of 4-HPPD (4-hydroxy phenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibiting herbicides. The five rice varieties were grown for 2 to 3 leaf stage on seedling trays and then transplanted into plastic pot: 4-Japonica type (Sangjubyeo, Sambaekbyeo, Sanduljinmi and Kumyoung) varieties and 1-Indica type variety (IR8). We trialled standard (14 g a.i. $10a^{-1}$) and double fold (28 g a.i. $10a^{-1}$) dose of benzobicyclon treatment at 10 days after transplanting in order to investigate phytoxicity. The Japonica-type Sangjubyeo showed no rice injury but Indica-type IR8 show 4-5 (standard) and 5-6 (double fold) phytoxicity levels. In spite of Japonica-type, Sanduljinmi and kumyoung showed 3-4 and 4-5 levels. Target resistant gene, Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor sensitive gene No.1 (HIS1) have been isolated from five domestic rice cultivars (Sangjubyeo, Sambaekbyeo, Sanduljinmi, Kumyoung and IR8). Results of the sequence through PCR, all five tested rice cultivars had HIS1 gene regardless to rice cultivars. And the difference between rice varieties from sequence of HIS1 were identified some variation in genes.