• BMB Reports
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2014

Cell proliferation is a delicately regulated process that couples growth signals and metabolic demands to produce daughter cells. Interestingly, the proliferation of tumor cells immensely depends on glycolysis, the Warburg effect, to ensure a sufficient amount of metabolic flux and bioenergetics for macromolecule synthesis and cell division. This unique metabolic derangement would provide an opportunity for developing cancer therapeutic strategy, particularly when other diverse anti-cancer treatments have been proved ineffective in achieving durable response, largely due to the emergence of resistance. Recent advances in deeper understanding of cancer metabolism usher in new horizons of the next generation strategy for cancer therapy. Here, we discuss the focused review of cancer energy metabolism, and the therapeutic exploitation of glycolysis and OXPHOS as a novel anti-cancer strategy, with particular emphasis on the promise of this approach, among other cancer metabolism targeted therapies that reveal unexpected complexity and context-dependent metabolic adaptability, complicating the development of effective strategies.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 1997

Cancer therapy for the head and neck malignoncy by surgery, radiotherapy, or combined modalities may cause substantial aesthetic and functional problems for the patient. The placement of osseointegrated implants into irradiated bone should only be performed when the predictability of achieving and maintaining osseointegration is high and the risk of developing of osteoradionecrosis is low. There are many benefits that irradiated patients may gain from the use of implants. A successful implant-retained prosthesis is dependent upon the implants attaining osseointegraton and then sustaining it during functional loads. The use of implants in irradiated patients requires high implant success rates that are acceptable to warrant their use. We report a case and review the literatures about implants in irradiated bone. In that case, the patient were undergone tumor resection and inner-table mandiblectomy due to squamous cell carcinoma of lower posterior gingiva. But 5 year later, the tumor were recurred, we resected the tumor and applied the radiation therapy. After then, we installed four IMZ implants after hyperbaric oxygenation, and made prosthesis using those implants. Until now they don't have any complications.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2015

Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer and its incidence is gradually increasing worldwide. Patients with metastatic melanoma have a very poor prognosis (estimated 5-year survival rate of <16%). In the last few years, several drugs have been approved for malignant melanoma, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockades. Although new therapeutic agents have improved progression-free and overall survival, their use is limited by drug resistance and drug-related toxicity. At the same time, adoptive cell therapy of metastatic melanoma with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we summarize the currently available drugs for treatment of malignant melanoma. In addition, we suggest cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells as another candidate approach for adoptive cell therapy of melanoma. Our preclinical study and several previous studies have shown that CIK cells have potent anti-tumor activity against melanomas in vitro and in an in vivo human tumor xenograft model without any toxicity.

• 대한암한의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

Objective : This report is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of traditional korean therapy including intravenous Cultivated Wild Ginseng Pharmacopuncture (CWGP) and Soram immunopharmacopuncture with XELOX chemotherapy in treating metastatic colorectal cancer patient. Methods : A 47-year-old woman who was diagnosed as metastatic colorectal cancer on Oct 2011 was concurrently treated with traditional Korean therapy (TKT) and XELOX (capecitabine plus oxaliplatin) for 7 months. TKT includes intravenous CWGP, Soram immuno-pharmacopuncture, acupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medicine. The effectiveness of therapies was evaluated with computed tomography and tumor marker levels such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). And pain on the lateral abdomen was recorded with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results : The tumor mass size of metastatic liver was decreased from 10 cm to 4.3 cm. The tumor marker levels such as CEA and CA19-9 are also decreased. From these results, this case report suggests that the TKT with palliative chemotherapy may be a useful method to treat unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.547-550
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• 2001

Acinic cell carcinoma is a rare salivary gland carcinoma, usually being found in the parotid gland and is uncommon in the other major and minor salivary glands. The tumor cells consist of either serous or mucous acinar cells with few ductal or myoepithelial cell elements. The tumor is a low-grade malignancy with slow growth potential. Surgical therapy depends on tumor size and the extent of infiltration into neighboring tissues. Superficial parotidectomy or total parotidectomy is the initial method of therapy in case of acinic cell carcinoma on parotid gland. When regional neck lymph nodes are involved, the operation is combined with a neck dissection, or with radiation therapy. In the short follow up period, acinic cell carcinoma has good prognosis with 5 year survival rate after surgery is over 80%. In the long-term follow-up, however, there is a tendency to increase in recurrence or metastasis. We experienced a case of acinic cell carcinoma of parotid gland in a 57-year-old female, so we report it with literatures review.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.110-122
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• 2005

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary glands has a protracted clinical course with perineural invasion, delayed onset of hematogenous metastasis, and poor responses to classical cytotoxic chemotherapic agents. Most deaths from salivary ACC are caused by lung metastases that are resistant to conventional therapy. Therefore, knowledge of cellular properties and tumor-host interactions that influence the dissemination of metastatic cells is important for the design of more effective therapy of salivary cancer. I determined in vitro expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream effectors and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 on a human salivary ACC cell line (ACC2). I also evaluated the expression of EGF and VEGF signaling molecules and metastasis-related proteins on human salivary ACC cells orthotopically growing in nude mice. In Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses, EGFR and VEGFR-2 were presented and phosphorylated in ACC2 cells. In human parotid cancer xenografts in nude mice, EGF and VEGF signaling molecules, IL-8, and MMP-9 were expressed at markedly higher levels than in normal parotid tissues. Moreover, tumor-associated endothelial cells of this orthotopic parotid tumor expressed phosphorylated VEGFR-2 and phosphorylated Akt, which is a cell-survival protein. These data show that those biomarkers can be molecular targets for therapy of salivary ACC, which has a propensity for delayed lung metastasis.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2006

Since the development of sophisticated molecular carriers such as octereotides for peptide receptor targeting and monoclonal antibodies against various antigens associated with specific tumor types, radionuclide therapy (RNT) employing open sources of therapeutic agents is promising modality for treatment of tumors. furthermore, the emerging of new therapeutic regimes and new approaches for tumor treatment using radionuclide are anticipated in near future. In targeted radiotherapy using peptides and other receptor based tarrier molecules, the use of radionuclide with high specific activity in formulating the radiopharmaceutical is essential in order to deliver sufficient number of radionuclides to the target site without saturating the target. In order to develop effective radiopharmaceuticals for therapeutic applications, it is crucial to carefully consider the choice of appropriate radionuclides as well as the tarrier moiety with suitable pharmacokinetic properties that could result in good in vivo localization and desired excretion. Up to date, only a limited number of radionuclides have been applied in radiopharmaceutical development due to the constraints in compliance with their physical half-life, decay characteristics, cost and availability in therapeutic applications. In this review article, we intend to provide with the improved understanding of the factors of importance of appropriate radionuclide for therapy with respect to their physical properties and therapeutic applications.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.25-39
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• 2021

Brachytherapy, along with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), is an essential and effective radiation treatment process. In brachytherapy, in contrast to EBRT, the radiation source is radioisotopes. Because these isotopes can be positioned inside or near the tumor, it is possible to protect other organs around the tumor while delivering an extremely high-dose of treatment to the tumor. Brachytherapy has a long history of more than 100 years. In the early 1900s, the radioisotopes used for brachytherapy were only radium or radon isotopes extracted from nature. Over time, however, various radioisotopes have been artificially produced. As radioisotopes have high radioactivity and miniature size, the application of brachytherapy has expanded to high-dose-rate brachytherapy. Recently, advanced treatment techniques used in EBRT, such as image guidance and intensity modulation techniques, have been applied to brachytherapy. Three-dimensional images, such as ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography are used for accurate delineation of treatment targets and normal organs. Intensity-modulated brachytherapy is anticipated to be performed in the near future, and it is anticipated that the treatment outcomes of applicable cancers will be greatly improved by this treatment's excellent dose delivery characteristics.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2022

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by most cells carry bioactive macromolecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids for intercellular communication. Given that some immune cell-derived sEVs exhibit anti-cancer properties, these sEVs have received scientific attention for the development of novel anti-cancer immunotherapeutic agents. In this paper, we reviewed the latest advances concerning the biological roles of immune cell-derived sEVs for cancer therapy. sEVs derived from immune cells including dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, natural-killer (NK) cells, and macrophages are good candidates for sEV-based cancer therapy. Besides their role of cancer vaccines, DC-shed sEVs activated cytotoxic lymphocytes and killed tumor cells. sEVs isolated from NK cells and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells exhibited cytotoxicity against cancer cells. sEVs derived from CD8⁺ T and CD4⁺ T cells inhibited cancer-associated cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) and activated B cells, respectively. M1-macrophage-derived sEVs induced M2 to M1 repolarization and also created a pro-inflammatory environment. Hence, these sEVs, via mono or combination therapy, could be considered in the treatment of cancer patients in the future. In addition, sEVs derived from cytokine-stimulated immune cells or sEV engineering could improve their anti-tumor potency.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.54-65
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• 2019

To develop a biomarker predicting tumor treatment efficacy is helpful to reduce time, medical expenditure, and efforts in oncology therapy. In clinics, microvessel density using immunohistochemistry has been proposed as an indicator that correlates with both tumor size and metastasis of cancer. In the preclinical study, we hypothesized that vascular morphometrics using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) could be potential indicators to estimate the treatment efficacy of breast cancer. To verify this hypothesis, a 13762-MAT-B-III rat breast tumor was grown in a dorsal skinfold window chamber which was applied to a nude mouse, and the change in vascular morphology was longitudinally monitored during tumor growth and metronomic cyclophosphamide treatment. Based on the daily OCTA maximum intensity projection map, multiple vessel parameters (vessel skeleton density, vessel diameter index, fractal dimension, and lacunarity) were compared with the tumor size in no tumor, treated tumor, and untreated tumor cases. Although each case has only one animal, we found that the vessel skeleton density (VSD), vessel diameter index and fractal dimension (FD) tended to be positively correlated with tumor size while lacunarity showed a partially negative correlation. Moreover, we observed that the changes in the VSD and FD are prior to the morphological change of the tumor. This feasibility study would be helpful in evaluating the tumor vascular response to treatment in preclinical settings.