• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1975

The Kosudong-gul Cave at kosu-ri, Daegang-myon, Danyang-gun, Chung Chong Bug-do, Province was surveryed by this author on the 3rd of Nov. 1973, 6th of Jan. 1974, 30th of Aug. and 13th of Sept. 1975 through over several times field trips. Yoechon-gul Cave at Yoechon-ri, Gagok-myon, Danyang-gun, Chung Chong Bug-do, Province was surveyed by this author on the 30th of August, 1975. The enviromental factors of both caves checked the siftations for air temperature, water temperature, moisture and pH, as well as the faunae f both caves and ecollogically studieel them. Kosudong-gul Cave (1) The environmental factors checked was the same as table 1. (2) The fauna is 5 classes and 18 species and they classified as Troglobite......2 species-11.1％, troglophile.....5 species-27.7％, and trogloxene....11 species.-61.2％. Yochon-gul Cave (1)The environmental factor Checked was the same as table 2. (2) The fauna is 5 classes and 8 species and they classified as troglobite......1 species-11.1％, troglobite....4 species-44.4％ and trogloxene.....4 species-44.4%.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.182-191
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• 2007

The complete mitochondrial genome of a troglobite millipede Antrokoreana gracilipes (Verhoeff, 1938) (Dipolopoda, Juliformia, Julida) was sequenced and characterized. The genome (14,747 bp) contains 37 genes (2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and 13 protein-encoding genes) and two large non-coding regions (225 bp and 31 bp), as previously reported for two diplopods, Narceus annularus (order Spirobolida) and Thyropygus sp. (order Spirostreptida). The A + T content of the genome is 62.1%, and four tRNAs ($tRNA^{Ser(AGN)}$, $tRNA^{Cys}$, $tRNA^{Ile}$ and $tRNA^{Met}$) have unusual and unstable secondary structures. Whereas Narceus and Thyropygus have identical gene arrangements, the $tRNA^{Thr}$ and $tRNA^{Trp}$ of Antrokoreana differ from them in their orientations and/or positions. This suggests that the Spirobolida and Spirostreptida are more closely related to each other than to the Dipolopoda. Three scenarios are proposed to account for the unique gene arrangement of Antrokoreana. The data also imply that the Duplication and Nonrandom Loss (DNL) model is applicable to the order Julida. Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses using amino acid sequences deduced from the 12 mitochondrial protein-encoding genes (excluding ATP8) support the view that the three juliformian members are monophyletic (BI 100%; ML 100%), that Thyropygus (Spirostreptida) and Narceus (Spirobolida) are clustered together (BI 100%; ML 83%), and that Antrokoreana (Julida) is a sister of the two. However, due to conflict with previous reports using cladistic approaches based on morphological characteristics, further studies are needed to confirm the close relationship between Spirostreptida and Spirobolida.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.88
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• pp.7-25
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• 2008

In order to accumulate the basic informations to assess the scientific and natural values of the Hoe-ok Cave located in Mountain Chi-ak, Seong-nam 2 ri, sin-rim myeon, the distribution of the species in the cave were investigated from November 2004 to June 2005. The results are as follows. The species identified in the Hoe-ok Cave were 34 species, 28 family, 18 order, 8 classes. The dominant species were the 14 species(41.2%), 11 family, 7 order in the Class of Insecta. The ecological distribution of the Heo-ok Cave, 8 species(23.5％) of troglobite, 7 species of troglophiles(20.6％), 19 species of trogloxenes(55.9％) were found and the share of the species indigenous to the cave among the population was 44％, and the species which came out of the cave occupied the larger portion among the populations inside the whole cave.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.2
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• pp.270-284
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• 1966

(1) The author surveyed the environmental factors and the fauna of Sung-Yoo Cave(360m in length) from November 29 to December 2, 1961. (2) Air temperature, water temperature, moisture, water depth, water gravity, oxygen concentration carbon dioxide concentration and pH in water of the cave were studied as enveronmental factors. The results are shown in the Table 1~7 and Fig.3. (3) Four species of troglobite (22.2%). seven of troglophile(38.9%). four of troglozene(22.2%). and three of parasite constitute the terrestrial fauna of Sung-yoo Cave. In the other hand, all of the aquatic fauna(4 species of fish) of the cave were troglozene. (5) None of the species of animals listed in this paper has ever been recorded in Korea.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.89
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

In this study, the inhabitant were investigated at the six sites in the cave which is located in Giwha-ri, Mitan-myen, Pyeong Chang-gun from January to June in 2005. As the result of observation, collection, researching, It was confirmed as all animals species were classified by 19 species, 4 classes, 11 orders, 16 families. Among the investigated animals, Diestrammena asynamora Adelung distributed 66.6% and Antrokoreana gracilipes Verhoeff distributed 22.4%. They were confirmed as a dominant species. Among the observed animals, Troglobite with ecological characteristics was 5.3%, troglophiles were 21.1% and trogloxenes were 73.7%. Among them, There were the largest number of species in trogloxenes. In the class manmalia, Rhinolphus ferrumequinum korai Kuroda and two Myolis daubentoni ussuriensis Ognev's species were observed. Among them Rhinolphus ferrumequinum korai Kuroda distributed 58.9%, so they were confirmed as a dominant species. The largest number of Triphosa dubitata Linnaeus, trogloxenes, were observed in January and February in winter. 503 individual of Antrokoreana gracilipes Verhoeffs, troglobites, were observed only in June. Diestrammena asynamora Adelung, troglophiles, appeared the large number of species in sping, especially, in April and May.