• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2005

To compare the effects of forward walking and backward walking on surface electromyographic analysis of quadriceps muscles at treadmill grades of 0%, 5% and 10%, subjects were randomized to eleven athletics (5 females, 6 males), with a mean age of 17.8 years, and a SD of 4.66 years. The values of the surface electromyographic (SEMG) activity of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis oblique (VMO) were measured during forward walking and backward walking on a treadmill at grades of 0, 5 and 10%. The subjects walked for approximately 10 seconds at 4.0 km/h. The data were analyzed by repeated measuring of the two-way ANOVA and analyzed by a paired t-test between forward walking and backward walking. The SEMG activity levels of the RF, VL and VMO were the highest when both the forward walking and backward walking increased incrementally for treadmill grades of 0% to 10%, but the VMO/VL ratio had no significant changes. The SEMG activity levels of the RF, VL and VMO were significantly different between directions. However, SEMG activity levels of the RF, VL, VMO and VMO/VL ratio did not show significant difference among the treadmill grades. No statistically significant interactions were detected between the direction of walking and treadmill grade. Backward walking on the treadmill at 4 km/h and grades of 0%, 5%, 10% elicited a greater SEMG activity on the quadriceps muscles than did forward walking under the same conditions. The results suggest that the quadriceps may be effectively activated by performance at treadmill grades of 10%. This investigation confirms that backward walking up an incline may place additional muscular demands on individuals.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.44-57
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• 2007

Purpose: The objective of this study is to analyze the activities of muscles importantly functioning when walking with different inclinations and speeds of a treadmill, in order to provide basic data on walking exercise using a treadmill. Method: The selected subjects of this study were 16 men and women who had lower extremity injury. A treadmill was used to provide the activation of muscle, and the electromyography was used to analyze the muscle activity variables. The Biodex was used to measure the value of maximum isometric contraction. The inclinations of the treadmill were 0%, 5% and 10%, respectively, and its speeds were 2Km/h. 3Km/h, 4Km/h, 5Km/h, and 6Km/h, respectively. Result: For quadriceps femoris muscle and trunk muscle, there were significant differences in muscle activity when different speeds were applied at 0%, 5% and 10% inclinations.(p<0.05) The activity of vastus medialis muscle was 9.78% at 0% inclination and 2km/h speed, whereas it was 9.32% at 0% inclination and 3km/h, which was slightly lower. The activity of erector spinae muscle was 24.93% at 0% inclination and 2km/h speed, whereas it was 24.84% at 0% inclination and 3km/h, whereas it was 23.99% at 0% inclination and 4km/h, which was slightly lower. The activity of vastus medialis muscle was 11.89% at 10% inclination and 2km/h speed, whereas it was 10.65% at 10% inclination and 3km/h, which was slightly lower. The activity of rectus femoris muscle was 10.26% at 10% inclination and 2km/h speed, whereas it was 9.77% at 10% inclination and 3km/h, which was slightly lower. Conclusion: It was found that the activities of trunk muscle and quadriceps femoris muscle increase as the inclination and the speed of a treadmill increase during treadmill walking.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.50-62
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• 2009

Purpose: to analyze and compare mucsle activity of Quadriceps femoris depending on the existence of taping while normal people walk forward and backward on treadmill when the slope and speed changes on treadmill. Method: Among 40 people who participated in this study, 20 experimenter who apply a taping walk forward and backward to 0%, 5%, 10% gradient per 2km/h and 4km/h using treadmill to give arbitrary walking behavior, 20 experimenter who doesn't apply a taping also walk forward and backward to 0%, 5%, 10% gradient per 2km/h and 4km/h using treadmill. To analyze muscle activity, We use an electromyography and Kinesio tape of good elasticity for obtained suffient effects in the experiment. Result: During backward walking in 2km/h, Vastus medialis and Vastus lateralis showed significant differences(p<0.05) when apply a taping. During backward walking in 2km/h, Vastus medialis and Rectus femoris, and Vastus lateralis all showed significant differences(p<0.05). During backward walking in 2km/h, Vastus medialis and Vastus lateralis showed significant differences in 10% gradient(p<0.05). During backward walking in 4km/h, Vastus medialis and Rectus femoris, and Vastus lateralis all showed significant differences(p<0.05). During backward walking in 4km/h, By the difference in slope, Vastus medialis and Vastus lateralis showed significant differences between 0% and 10% gradient(p<0.05). Conclusion: In comparison to muscle activity of Quadriceps femoris when apply a taping according to slope and speed during forward and backward walking on treadmill, when apply a taping and walk backward and 10% gradient on treadmill in 4km/h, maximum of muscle activity is shown.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 2014

Objective: In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of low-intensity treadmill training in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity rat models. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: In this study, we randomly divided them into four groups. The normal group included non-cardiotoxicity normal control (n=10), the control group included non-treadmill training after doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (n=10), the experimental group I included low-intensity treadmill training (3 m/min) after doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (n=10), and the experimental group II included low-intensity treadmill training (8 m/min) after doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (n=10). Rats in the treadmill training group underwent treadmill training, which began at 2 weeks after first intraperitoneal injection. We determined the body weight change for each rat on days 1 and 21. Biochemical markers (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], creatine kinase [CK], glutathion, aspartate transaminase [AST], and alanine transaminase [ALT]) concentration in the serum change of rats from all four groups was examined at the end of the experiment. Results: The results showed that the experimental group I and II showed a significant increase in body weight as compared with that of the control group (p<0.05). We observed that the biochemical markers (LDH, CK, glutathion, AST, and ALT) were improved in the experimental group I than the experimental group II (p<0.05). There was no difference between the experimental groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, our data suggest that low-intensity treadmill training applied after doxorubicin treatment protects against cardiotoxicity following treatment, possibly by enhancing antioxidant defenses and inhibiting cardiac muscle cell apoptosis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of treadmill gait training at different controlled inclinations on the standing balance of hemiplegic patients caused by cerebrovascular injury. Methods: The study's subjects were 44 patients with chronic stroke, randomly divided into three experimental groups: $0^{\circ}$ treadmill gait training (n=14), $5^{\circ}$ treadmill gait training (n=15), and $10^{\circ}$ treadmill gait training (n=15). In addition to conventional physical therapy, the subjects underwent gait training on a treadmill with one of three different inclinations for 30 min per session five times per week for six weeks. The Biodex balance system SD, Berg balance scale, and timed up and go tests were used to measure the postural balance of the patients. Results: This study showed that gait training on a treadmill at controlled inclinations of $0^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, and $10^{\circ}$ positively influenced the stroke patients' standing balance. The $5^{\circ}$ and $10^{\circ}$ inclination gait training groups showed significantly more improvement than the $0^{\circ}$ inclination group. Conclusion: Gait training on a treadmill with inclinations of $0^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, or $10^{\circ}$ can be said to positively affect the postural balance of hemiplegic patients due to stroke. In particular, $5^{\circ}$ and $10^{\circ}$ inclination gait training offered more significant improvement than the $0^{\circ}$ inclination gait training group. When added to regular treatment routines, gait training at controlled inclinations is an effective intervention for improving hemiplegia due to postural balance.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1449-1450
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• 2013

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.107-116
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to describe and compare kinematic gait variables during 3 different(0.5, 1, 2m/s) treadmill belt speed. Twenty health subjects participated. The results were following. 1. There are no significant difficult in step phase according to treadmill belt speed. 2. There are significant difficult in stride length, cadence and foot rotation according to treadmill belt speed. 3. There are significant difficult in hip flex/ext, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion according to treadmill belt speed.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.138-144
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• 2011

Exaggerated blood pressure response during exercise has been found to increase the risk of future hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, cerebrovascular stroke, and CVD (cardiovascular disease) death. The aim of this study was to evaluate exercise capacity, cardiovascular factors in exaggerated blood pressure response during treadmill exercise testing. For research subjects, 72 subjects (normal blood response: 49 subjects, exaggerated blood response: 23 subjects) who received treadmill exercise test at J General Hospital were selected in this study. Exaggerated SBP (systolic blood pressure) response was defined as an SBP of 210 mmHg or greater during a maximal treadmill exercise test. The group with an exaggerated SBP response showed significantly higher values for RPP (rate pressure product) compared with the group with a normal SBP response. Subjects with METs (metabolic equivalents) had lower exaggerated SBP response than normal SBP response group. Subjects with recovery SBP had delayed exaggerated SBP response than normal SBP response group. Exaggerated SBP response to exercise is negative correlation with METs.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2004

The propose of this study was to evaluate the effect of body weight support treadmill training on the patients with chronic stroke. Body weight support(BWS) treadmill training has recently been shown to be effective for gait training following stroke, and few researchers have measured the usefulness of this intervention in enhancing function, and there are reports in which BWS overground ambulation was studied. This study were 1) to report the feasibility and patient tolerance for using a BWS system for treadmill ambulation, 2) to measure the function of patients with chronic stroke prior to and following BWS treadmill and overground ambulation training, and 3) to describe a protocol used for patient treatment progression using BWS treadmill training.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

This study was designed to investigate the effect of treadmill exercise of low-intensity and high-intensity on the functional recovery and histological change in spinal cord injury rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were experimented(n=15) for this research. Spinal cord injury was induced by the NYU drop impacter device after laminectomy. After operation, rats were test at modified Tarlov scale at 3 days, and divided into the control group(n=5), experimental group I(n=5, low-intensity treadmill) and experimental group II(n=5, high-intensity treadmill). The rats were disciplined from 7 day through 21 day. Functional recovery was evaluated by the BBB scales and the Grid Walk test for the progressive locomotor recovery at 3, 7, 14, 21 days. Histopathological studies for the muscle in order to observation the change of damage and size of the organized surface which is visible visually it executed hematoxylin & eosin stain. According to the result of 4 weeks of treadmill exercise, group II showed improvement than group I of motor behavior after spinal cord injury.