• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 2014

A model combining multi-dimensional discretized population balance equations with a computational fluid dynamics simulation (CFD-DPBE model) was developed and applied to simulate turbulent flocculation and sedimentation processes in sediment retention basins. Computation fluid dynamics and the discretized population balance equations were solved to generate steady state flow field data and simulate flocculation and sedimentation processes in a sequential manner. Up-to-date numerical algorithms, such as operator splitting and LeVeque flux-corrected upwind schemes, were applied to cope with the computational demands caused by complexity and nonlinearity of the population balance equations and the instability caused by advection-dominated transport. In a modeling and simulation study with a two-dimensional simplified pond system, applicability of the CFD-DPBE model was demonstrated by tracking mass balances and floc size evolutions and by examining particle/floc size and solid concentration distributions. Thus, the CFD-DPBE model may be used as a valuable simulation tool for natural and engineered flocculation and sedimentation systems as well as for flocculant-aided sediment retention ponds.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 1994

This papr studies the dynamic effects of polyelectrolyte in the multilayered membrane. It is found that electrophoretic convection in the fluid phase can be used to accelerate the speed of the polyelectrolyte. The model in the membrane separation is studied via interactions between fluid and solid phases. The spectra evaluation using the operator theoretic method is performed for the parametric studies of the physical properties in the membrane process. The findings of this paper shoould be useful in guiding the design of separation devices. This paper shows one example for macroscopic study the theoretical review paper of membrane transport.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.81-88
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• 2015

Infrastructure such as tracks, catenary, rolling stock and signaling systems, and close interface with the human factors of train drivers, shunting staff and maintenance staff are required for train operations. Safety management is the most essential part for the functioning of a train. In line with the safety management, each rail operator has a safety guidance system and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport operates Railway Safety Inspector system. Safety Inspector System is to train employees working in the field to be aware of rules and regulations, and to improve identified risk factors. Hence, it is necessary to establish systematic training and inspection methods for safety guidance staff and make clear the roles and responsibilities of safety inspectors according to the Occupational Safety and Health Act, and safety instructors for several inspections according to the Railroad Safety Act.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.735-737
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• 2015

In this paper, SaaS (Software as a Service) based transport and construction process safety management systems by utilizing the construction work process management and safety management and schedule, and results for various types of construction process, achieved through high-speed wireless Internet access by applying to ensure a systematic means for safety and can quickly and accurately manage all made within the process control system. The operator should be indicated by using a smart phone to work as a supervisor report the current status and results of the operation. Also be reported to the supervisor immediately in an emergency situation and there is no vibration occurs over a period of time the smartphone is to check the danger to the operator. If the commissioner is directed to specific business processes that establish and verify the results obtained and the result is satisfied by presenting the part down the measures insufficient command of the field workers risk situations. In the case of software (server) to store all the data relating to the operation member in charge of management and security.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.102-112
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• 2010

The existing K-CASH system doesn't allow compatible between different regions, different public transportations and the technologies made by different operators. If a K-cash user wants to use public transportation charged not by K-CASH but other operator, then he or she would have to get other type of card available for that transportation. Also, the incompatibility of the existing K-CASH might cause unnecessary expense because similar systems would have to be doubly constructed if the K-CASH operator would like to install the K-CASH system on the same infra as the other operators already did. As a result, a system which allows people to use just one card for their convenience regardless of regions, types of transportation and operators has been strongly demanded. In this paper, we developed Nation-wide Interoperable K-Cash system, Nation-wide Interoperable K-CASH Card, Purchase terminal, Purchase SAM and Settlement system that were updated from the existing K-CASH system. And we performed a conformity test to confirm performance. Also Korea Financial Telecommunications & Clearings and the KORAIL NETWARKS and the HiPlusCard joined for the testbed in Gwangju for 6 months. This result of testbed finally proved that the Nation-wide Interoperable K-CASH system is completely compatible.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.14-24
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• 2010

Although the existing X-CASH card system observes the KS standard for a transportation card system, there has been an issue for interoperability between X-CASH and other public transportation system due to the partially undefined part in the standard. This issue is followed by the inconvenience of the existing X-CASH users. If the existing X-CASH card user wants to get any other public transportations which are not interoperated with X-CASH, the user would have to buy other cards. Consequently, some users have to bring more than one card with them. In addition, it is almost impossible that the existing X-CASH system operator makes the X-CASH card available for the infrastructure built by other cards operators because their technologies are too much different. The X-CASH operator must construct its own infrastructure on the same route and it would cause an unnecessary loss of expense and labor. To solve these problems, We modified the existing X-CASH system and developed the Nation-wide Interoerable X-CASH system which lets both the existing X-CASH card and Nation-wide Interoperable X-CASH card work. This developed X-CASH system consists of the purchase SAM, the purchase terminal and the settlement. And The conformity test for it was successfully authorized. Also we, KORAIL NETWORKS, have done the test-bed on this Nation-wide interoperable X-CASH system in Gwangju for six months with Telecommunications & Clearings, the HiPlusCard Corporation. This test confirmed that the Nation-wide Interoperable X-CASH system would practically work well.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.164-181
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• 2023

In a low speed limit environment, the speed limit tolerance of automated traffic enforcement devices is very high, which is one of the main factors for the low compliance rate. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to the improve the speed limit tolerance and to present a new standard. The effects of the operator and user errors that can cause speeding by drivers were analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, an improvement of the tolerance was proposed by applying an error in the enforcement device and GPS speed. In addition, long-term expected safety effects such as the accident rate and severity were estimated from the operator's perspective when improving the tolerance. As a result of the estimation, the speed limit compliance rate, accident rate, and change rate of a number of severe accidents due to speed change, and pedestrian traffic accident mortality rate were all improved in all speed limit environments. The introduction of the proposed improvement is expected to improve road safety significantly.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.67-95
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• 2014

Some Contracting States of the Chicago Convention issue FAOC(Foreign Air Operator Certificate) and conduct various safety assessments for the safety of the foreign operators which operate to their state. These FAOC and safety audits on the foreign operators are being expanded to other parts of the world. While this trend is the strengthening measure of aviation safety resulting in the reduction of aircraft accident. FAOC also burdens the other contracting States to the Chicago Convention due to additional requirements and late permission. EASA(European Aviation Safety Agency) is a body governed by European Basic Regulation. EASA was set up in 2003 and conduct specific regulatory and executive tasks in the field of civil aviation safety and environmental protection. EASA's mission is to promote the highest common standards of safety and environmental protection in civil aviation. The task of the EASA has been expanded from airworthiness to air operations and currently includes the rulemaking and standardization of airworthiness, air crew, air operations, TCO, ATM/ANS safety oversight, aerodromes, etc. According to Implementing Rule, Commission Regulation(EU) No 452/2014, EASA has the mandate to issue safety authorizations to commercial air carriers from outside the EU as from 26 May 2014. Third country operators (TCO) flying to any of the 28 EU Member States and/or to 4 EFTA States (Iceland, Norway, Liechtenstein, Switzerland) must apply to EASA for a so called TCO authorization. EASA will only take over the safety-related part of foreign operator assessment. Operating permits will continue to be issued by the national authorities. A 30-month transition period ensures smooth implementation without interrupting international air operations of foreign air carriers to the EU/EASA. Operators who are currently flying to Europe can continue to do so, but must submit an application for a TCO authorization before 26 November 2014. After the transition period, which lasts until 26 November 2016, a valid TCO authorization will be a mandatory prerequisite, in the absence of which an operating permit cannot be issued by a Member State. The European TCO authorization regime does not differentiate between scheduled and non-scheduled commercial air transport operations in principle. All TCO with commercial air transport need to apply for a TCO authorization. Operators with a potential need of operating to the EU at some time in the near future are advised to apply for a TCO authorization in due course, even when the date of operations is unknown. For all the issue mentioned above, I have studied the function of EASA and EU Regulation including TCO Implementing Rule newly introduced, and suggested some proposals. I hope that this paper is 1) to help preparation of TCO authorization, 2) to help understanding about the international issue, 3) to help the improvement of korean aviation regulations and government organizations, 4) to help compliance with international standards and to contribute to the promotion of aviation safety, in addition.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2018

During the major sections of the network, Software-defined network control technology for the network area corresponding to the transmission network is becoming a change in network-controlled environments utilizing network operation and provisioning across the network industry. Currently development is underway along with the deployment of PTN equipment and configuration for provisioning is being phased out. It is actively introducing establishment of SDN-based control system while constructing provisioning of PTN equipment from actual commercial network. Therefore, in this thesis, we are going to look at the contents and trends of SDN systems in packet-based transmission networks based on PTN and use them in research on OpenDaylight, an open source for configuring SDN. It then Network Operator will study the software defined control techniques for operational education.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.115-125
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• 2023

This paper relates to the development of CCTV camera posture calibration algorithm that can simultaneously collect traffic information such as traffic volume and speed in the state of view of the CCTV camera set for traffic monitoring. The developed autonomous posture calibration algorithm uses vehicle recognition and tracking techniques to identify the road, and automatically determines the angle of view for the operator's traffic surveillance and traffic information collection. To verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, a CCTV installed on site was used, and the results of the angle of view automatically calculated by the autonomous posture calibration algorithm for the angle of view set for traffic surveillance and traffic information collection were compared.