• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 1983

This study was done to research the relationship between State-Trait Anxiety and Sexual activity of pregnant women. The subjects for this study were 200 pregnant women from 2 hospitals located in a urban area. The data was collected through questionnaires which was developed by Spielberger, from to, 1982. The content of the questionnaire consist of following 2 categories of Anxiety and Sexual activity; (1) State Anxiety, (2) Trait Anxiety and (3) Sexual activity included sexual drive, number of sexual intercourse, and length of sexual intercourse. Analysis of data was done by use percentage, T-test, x$^2$-test, ANOVA and pearson correlation coefficiency. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. The mean score of state Anxiety and Trait Anxiety of respondents were 43.06, 44.19, therefore Trait Anxiety was higher than state Anxiety. 2. A significant state Anxiety and Trait Anxiety were not found among general characteristics with age, education level and religion 3. In the analysis of correlation among state Anxiety, Trait anxiety and Sexual activity, the Trait Anxiety was positively correlated with the State Anxiety. (r=.3877, p=.000) It was support the fact that the higher level of Trait anxiety, the greater was the State anxiety. 4. And the state anxiety was negatively correlated with number of sexual intercourse. (r=-1518, p=.016) Therefore, the higher the state anxiety, the lower sexual activity. Or the lower sexual activity, the higher the State Anxiety. 5. Also, in the analysis of factors affecting sexual activity, only the variable of age showed a significant correlation to number of sexual intercounse. That is the younger, the higher number of sexual intercounse. (r=. -. 1380, p=.026).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.72-82
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify relationships among trait anger, life styles and physical symptoms in elderly people. Method: The participants were 348 elderly persons over 65 years of age who lived in Seoul, Geonggi Province, South Chungcheong Province and South Jeolla Province. The data were analyzed using descriptive $X^2-test$, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SPSS win 12.0. Results: Physical symptoms of the participants correlated with trait anger and life style. Trait anger in the elderly people had a significant positive correlation to cardiovascular symptoms. Smoking showed a significantly positive correlation to alcohol drinking and cardiovascular symptoms. Regular diet showed a significantly negative correlation to general symptoms, cardiovascular symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms. Caffeine intake significantly negative correlation to general symptom and cardiovascular symptom. Conclusion: These results suggested that elderly people with a high degree of trait anger are likely to be high in perceived physical symptoms. Therefore nursing interventions to reduce levels of trait anger and change life style should be provided for elderly people.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.575-579
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• 2000

First lactation records of 683 Murrah buffaloes maintained at NDRI, Karnal which were progeny of 84 sires used for comparing the heritability estimates of age at first calving, first lactation milk yield and first service period under single and multiple trait models using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method of estimation under an individual animal model. The results indicated that the heritability estimates may vary under single and multiple trait models depending upon the magnitude of genetic and environmental correlation among the traits being considered. Therefore, a single or multiple trait model is recommended for estimation of variance components depending upon the goal of breeding programme. However, there may not be any advantage of considering a trait with zero or near zero heritability and having no or very low genetic correlation with other traits in the model. Lower heritability estimates of part lactation yield (120-day milk yield) implied that there may not be any advantage of considering this trait in place of actual 305-day milk yield, whereas, comparable heritability estimates of predicted 305-day milk yield suggested that it could be used for sire evaluation to reduce the cost of milk recording under field conditions.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1037-1049
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find the influences of adolescents' sex-role, attachment with parents on self-efficacy of middle school students. The subjects were 281 students. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression were examined for statistical analysis. The results of this study were as follows. 1) It was shown that the student have a high level attachment to their parents and especially to their fathers. The androgyny was expressed a high among the students' sex-role trait, The students' self-efficacy level was relatively high. 2) It was expressed a significant correlation among adolescents' sex-role trait, attachment with parents and self-efficacy. Especially a high correlation between adolescents' sex-role trait and self-efficacy. 3) The students' self-efficacy level was significantly different according to the sex-role trait, attachment and gender. 4) The relative influence toward the students' self-efficacy was shown in the order of impotance as follows: sex-role trait, attachment with a mother and gender.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.127-136
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the young children's creative trait and personality affecting their learning readiness. The participants were 131 young children in kindergartens or nursery schools and their mothers from Seoul, Gyeonggi and Chungnam province. The instruments were the Korea Learning Readiness Test, Young Children's Creative Traits Test, and Young Children's Personality Test. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, t-test, Pearson's partial correlation, stepwise multiple regression, and Scheff$\'{e}$ test by SPSS PC(version17.0) program. The results were as follows. Firstly, there were no significant differences in young children's learning readiness, creative trait and personality by children's age, location, school type, father's age, mother's educational level and mother's job type, while there were significant differences in the creative trait and the subfactor scores of personality by children's sex, father's educational level and parents' job type. Secondly, there was a positive partial correlation(r = .20~.24) between young children's learning readiness and creative trait, while there were no correlations between their learning readiness and personality and between their personality and creative trait. Thirdly, cognitive factor of creative trait and father's educational level did not effectively explain the children's learning readiness.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting trait anger level in undergraduate students. Methods: The participants consisted of 315 undergraduate students at the universities in the P and D cities. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple stepwise regression with the SPSS/Win 20.0 program. Results: The low trait anger group showed lower levels of anger-out, anger-in and depression compared to the high trait anger group. The anger-control and positive thinking were higher in the low trait anger group than that of high trait anger group. The result of multiple stepwise regression showed that both depression and anger-out were predictors in trait anger in the both groups. In the low trait anger group, anger-control, anger-in, depression, and anger-out were significant factors of trait anger, which accounted for 31% of the total variance. High trait anger level was affected by depression, anger-out and positive thinking, which explained 40% of trait anger. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that anger management program for undergraduate students should consider trait anger level as well as approaches with customized strategies according to trait anger level.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.856-864
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was to identify the relationships of trait anger, mode of anger expression, and perceived stress to mental health status in middle aged women. Method: The subjects were 157 middle aged women from 40s to 60s who lived in Seoul. Data was collected by questionnaire surveys using the convenience sampling. The instruments used for this study were Spielberger's trait anger scale and anger expression scale, Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein's perceived stress and Derogatis's SCL-90-R. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression with SAS/PC. Result: The trait anger of middle aged women indicated a significantly positive correlation to perceived stress(r=.180, p=.023) and mental health status(r.=021, p=.014). Anger-in(r=.237, p<.05), and perceived stress(p=.461, p<.01) showed significantly positive correlation to mental health status. The most significant predictor influencing health status of middle aged women was perceived stress, and anger-in and the variance explained was 27%. Conclusion: These results suggested that middle aged women with high degree of trait anger is likely to be high in stress perception. Perceived stress and anger-in are major factors influencing mental health status.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.133-145
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of attachment injury and stsit-trait anxiety on marital adjustment of battered women. The participants were total 220 battered women who have experiences with violence from their spouse. Data were collected from March 20 to May 6 in 2014 from five shelters for battered women, seven counseling centers, and three shelters run by various religion. SPSS 18.0 was used for data analysis and descriptive statistics, ANOVA test, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression were done. As study results, attachment injury, state and trait anxiety showed significant negative correlation. Marriage status, number of children, duration of violence, attachment injury, state anxiety, and trait anxiety were the significant variables to explain marital adjustment. The explanation power was 60.0%. This study results will be use to develop intervention program for enhancement of marital adjustment whereas to decrease attachment injury and state-trait anxiety.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the high school-girls' trait-state anger, personal relationship position in class and bullying behaviors, and to develope the nursing intervention to prevent the damages of young people's mind according to the bullying conditions. Method : The objects of this study chose from the girls high schools in 'D' city and 233 students answered the questions. The data were collected from June. 11 to 20. 2001. The major instruments used for this study were Trait Anger-State Anger Scale(Chon, 1995) to inquire the level of anger and Bullying Behaviors Scale(Kim, 2000) and personal relationship position in class. Statistical analysis for the research included descriptive statistics, t-test and correlational analysis, and for the analysis of data the SPSS program was used. Result : The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1) Total participant's trait anger had a positive correlation with state anger and bullying behaviors. Also, state anger was positively correlated to bullying behaviors. 2) The participants in the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon showed higher score of trait anger and bullying behaviors than those in the classes with non-perceived bullying phenomenon. 3) According to personal relationship position of the class, central group of the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon showed higher score of trait anger and bullying behaviors than those of the classes with non-perceived bullying phenomenon. 4) Also, central group of the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon showed higher score of bullying behaviors than peripheral group in the same classes. 5) The peripheral group of the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon showed higher score of bullying behaviors than those of the classes with non-perceived bullying phenomenon. 6) Central group's trait anger of the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon had a positive correlation to state anger and bullying behaviors. Also, central group's state anger was positively correlated to bullying behaviors. conclusion : In conclusion, the level of trait anger and state anger in high school girls affected to occur the bullying behaviors in students and especially, the trait anger in central group students was primary factor for the effect.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for worm resistance (WR) and associated characteristics, using the linear-threshold animal model via Bayesian inference in single- and multiple-trait analyses. Methods: Data were collected from a herd of Santa Inês breed sheep. All information was collected with animals submitted to natural contamination conditions. All data (number of eggs per gram of feces [FEC], Famacha score [FS], body condition score [BCS], and hematocrit [HCT]) were collected on the same day. The animals were weighed individually on the day after collection (after 12-h fasting). The WR trait was defined by the multivariate cluster analysis, using the FEC, HCT, BCS, and FS of material collected from naturally infected sheep of the Santa Inês breed. The variance components and genetic parameters for the WR, FEC, HCT, BCS, and FS traits were estimated using the Bayesian inference under the linear and threshold animal model. Results: A low magnitude was obtained for repeatability of worm-related traits. The mean values estimated for heritability were of low-to-high (0.05 to 0.88) magnitude. The FEC, HCT, BCS, FS, and body weight traits showed higher heritability (although low magnitude) in the multiple-trait model due to increased information about traits. All WR characters showed a significant genetic correlation, and heritability estimates ranged from low (0.44; single-trait model) to high (0.88; multiple-trait model). Conclusion: Therefore, we suggest that FS be included as a criterion of ovine genetic selection for endoparasite resistance using the trait defined by multivariate cluster analysis, as it will provide greater genetic gains when compared to any single trait. In addition, its measurement is easy and inexpensive, exhibiting greater heritability and repeatability and a high genetic correlation with the trait of resistance to worms.