• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.335-341
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• 2018

The KDE (Kernel Density Estimation) technique in GIS (Geographic Information System) has been widely used as a method for determining whether a phenomenon occurring in space forms clusters. Most human-generated events such as traffic accidents and retail stores are distributed according to a road network. Even if events on forward and rear roads have short Euclidean distances, network distances may increase and the correlation between them may be low. Therefore, the NKDE (Network-based KDE) technique has been proposed and applied to the urban space where a road network has been developed. KDE is being studied in the field of business GIS, but there is a limit to the microscopic analysis of economic activity along a road. In this study, the NKDE technique is applied to the analysis of urban phenomena such as the density of shops rather than traffic accidents that occur on roads. The results of the NKDE technique are also compared to pedestrian networks and road centerline networks. The results show that applying NKDE to microscopic trade area analysis can yield relatively accurate results. In addition, it was found that pedestrian network data that can consider the movement of actual pedestrians are necessary for accurate trade area analysis using NKDE.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.477-498
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• 2010

This paper studies economic growth convergence conditioning on various characteristics of East Asian countries. Our findings suggest that when trade openness is conditioned in addition to human capital and investment, the economic growth rates for East Asian countries converge faster than when human capital and investment alone are considered. In particular, while Northeast Asian countries exhibit absolute economic growth convergence as well as economic growth convergence conditioned on trade openness, Southeast Asian countries show only economic growth convergence conditioned on trade openness. Analysis of policy implications based on the results of the first East Asian countries' high dependence on foreign trade, trade openness in the convergence of economic growth has had a significant positive effect. Second, in order to establish a regional economic integration in East Asia, Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia, the country's economic growth is necessary to reduce the gap.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.643-666
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• 2009

When it comes to current balance, both of Korea and China enjoy the trade surplus in goods while both countries suffer trade deficit in service. This facts demonstrate that two countries have comparative disadvantages in service industry. In order to identify the international competitiveness of trade in service between Korea and China, several indexes such as TSI, RSCA and IMS was calculated, using the IMF's balance of payments (BOP) statistics as proxy. The results of this analysis are as follows. Korea has a comparative advantage in four sectors (Transportation services, Financial services, Royalties & license fees and Personal cultural recreation), while China has a comparative advantage in five sectors (Travel, Communication services, Insurance services, Computer & information services and Other Business services). Construction services are indeterminate. However, the competitiveness of the two sectors-communication and computer & information-which China has a comparative advantage will be transferred to Korea if some effort to reinforce the competitiveness is added because the gap is being narrowed.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.135-156
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• 2016

This study, with reference to data on economic conditions in Shandong Province, China, looked into trade and investment activities in Korea and major cities of Shandong - Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai and Jinan - and investigated claim cases between the two countries by type. In addition, we investigated the matter empirically by conducting a survey administered to 300 Korean companies investing in Shandong Province and, based on the data, tested hypotheses for inferential analysis. The findings are as follows: i) while hypotheses in which the size of a firm, represented by import and export volume, has a positive relation with the frequency of trade claim filings (H1) and with the financial value of the trade claims (H2) were quoted, company size proved to have a significantly negative relation with the time required to obtain a claim decision, which rejects the third hypothesis (H3) in which the relation was thought to be positive: ii) while products, as represented by the type of business, showed a clearly significant difference with the frequency of trade claim filings (H4) and with methods of preventing and responding to claims (H6), they did not show a significant link to the type of trade claim (H5). This study is a theoretical and empirical overview of Korean companies based in Shandong Province of China, and can be used to address the practical needs of the Korean companies looking to start business in Shandong Province.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.38
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• pp.303-325
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• 2008

China's "Foreign Trade law" 16.4 revised in 2004 like "Foreign Trade law" 16.2 in 1994 is still stipulated resource restriction to protect domestic resources and it does not satisfy the introduction of article 20 and section (g) of GATT 1994. Through an interpretation of related regulations and China-EU cokes dispute, the paper points out that China's "Foreign Trade law" 16.4 has no validity of the introduction of article 20 and section (g) of GATT 1994. Comparing China's "Foreign Trade law" 16.4 to GATT 1994 20(g), China's "Foreign Trade law" 16.4 does not include important conditions of GATT 1994 20 introduction such as not being arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination and disguised restriction on international trade. For example, based upon China's "Foreign Trade law" , if she restricts or prohibits important natural resources that Korea mainly relies on China, it will effects not only trade between two countries but also our lives and securities. Hence, it is highly time to analyze China's the Validity of the China's Resource Export-Quota Restrictive Measures under the GATT/WTO. In the process of resolving China-EU cokes dispute in 2004, ministry of Commerce of China shows well its characteristics of dispute settlement and also we can find out EU's logical countermeasures. Therefore, because of the high possibility of disputes between Korea and China in the area of natural resources, Korea needs to pay attention to the China's resource protecting policies, and if it violates GATT 1994 20 introduction and (g), we should consider to sue China to WTO. The paper believes that it will play an important role as an aggressive demand and effect on amendment of China's "Foreign Trade law" in the long term.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.3-18
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• 2018

This paper analyzes both the FTA effects and FTA spillover effects on bilateral trade using 62 countries' panel data during the period of 2003 ~ 2013. To this end, we construct a FTA dummy variable for the effect of FTA in the model and the weighted FTA matrix interacted with export and import for the spillover effect of FTA. Gravity model is applied to the empirical analysis with GMM, fixed and random effects, and PPML estimation. As a result of the analysis, FTA variables have positive relationships with bilateral export and import. The weighted FTA matrix interacted with export and import also have positive signs on the bilateral export and import in all estimations. Thus, we conclude that various FTAs of neighbor or 3rd countries increase the bilateral export and import. We provide some implications that a country to increase the amount of trade has a trade relationship with the countries having various FTAs and for the FTA effect analysis, the three-country model is better than to the two-country model.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.135-154
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the difference in the perception of shippers on the quality of air freight service between air express and air freight forwarders. This study suggests hypothesis verification and implications on importance-performance between two groups of air express and air freight forwarders. In this study, we find that important variables through paired t-test and importance-performance analysis. As a result of paired t-test, there was a difference in the use variables of the document work variables through computerization in the importance area. In the satisfaction area, there was a difference between the groups in the response to customer request and the response to accidents. The variables that need to improve the focus derived from the importance-performance analysis are document work through computer and response to accidents. It is necessary to observe and manage the response of shippers continuously by holding various transportation schedules in the schedule area, possibility of adjustment of transportation schedule, regular freight and schedule provision.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.269-271
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• 2011

E-commerce done by between buyers and sellers mainly rely on computer networks and business transactions are carried out according to certain standards of various business activities. E-commerce is based on modern information technology and network technology, financial electronic collection, management, information technology, business and trade information networks into one, aimed at logistics, capital flow and information flow of harmony and unity of the new trade, trade activities of the entire process, electronic, networking and digital. In this paper, we investigate for online shopping, for example, to illustrate the current problems in an area of clothes market. Also we proposed an ideal model appropriate to increase sales and show the analysis results compared to conventional clothes market in open market.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.951-960
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• 2015

For a conventional power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), there is a trade-off between specific on-state resistance and breakdown voltage. To overcome this trade-off, a super-junction trench MOSFET (TMOSFET) structure is suggested; within this structure, the ability to sense the temperature distribution of the TMOSFET is very important since heat is generated in the junction area, thus affecting its reliability. Generally, there are two types of temperature-sensing structures-diode and resistive. In this paper, a diode-type temperature-sensing structure for a TMOSFET is designed for a brushless direct current motor with on-resistance of $96m{\Omega}{\cdot}mm^2$. The temperature distribution for an ultra-low on-resistance power MOSFET has been analyzed for various bonding schemes. The multi-bonding and stripe bonding cases show a maximum temperature that is lower than that for the single-bonding case. It is shown that the metal resistance at the source area is non-negligible and should therefore be considered depending on the application for current driving capability.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.207-225
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• 2020

Korea has studied FTA over 20 years since FTA with Chile. More than 3,000 Articles have been published in journal so far. Thus, this study aims to present the direction that should be taken by Korean FTA study by using Meta-Analysis for FTA study which has been carried on so far. Many researchers publish several articles each year, showing high quotation index and H-index. However, Korean FTA study lacks network with overseas researchers and fusion study with other sciences. 65.4% of Korean FTA study is carried on Independent research and 91.1% of them, in joint research by fewer than 2 persons. Further, the Subject of FTA study is not diverse and too uniform. Out of total studies, 24.3% of them are related to rules of origin and 15.3% of them, to China, showing that theme of study is quite partially concentrated. This is large difference with overseas FTA study. Study on rules of origin is only 1.5% in overseas. Korean FTA study needs to diversify subjects of study and to balance between academic aspect & practical aspect. When it comes to study methodology empirical analysis assumed large portion in both Korea and overseas countries. Empirical analysis assumes 18.3% in Korea and 47.3% in overseas, both of which are quite high. However, qualitative study such as FGI/AHP, in-depth interview, case analysis is quite rare in Korean FTA study. Partial concentration of countries for study subject needs to be rectified also. In Korea, countries for FTA study is China 15.3%, EU 10.0%, USA 6.3%. In overseas, China assumes only 3.7% of study subject. It is required for Korean FTA study to extend study subjects & study area by forming global study network and to extend qualitative study with microscopic study.