• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.145-161
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• 2009

Applying the shift-share analysis, this paper decomposes FDI inflow into Korea for the period of 2003-2006. The paper finds that Korea has been lagging behind the world average in absorbing inward FDI, thereby recording negative aggregate industry-mix effects and negative aggregate competitive effects as well. However, the following industries have recorded positive competitive effect: electrical and electronic equipment, motor vehicles and other transport equipment, hotels and restaurants, transport, storage and communications, finance, and business services. In a nutshell, Korea is revealed to have competitive advantage in absorbing inward FDI in a few manufacturing industries and most of service industries. Government policies should accordingly be focused on these industries to encourage more inward FDIs.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.75-91
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• 2021

Due to increased competition in supply side to reduce operational costs, port professionals have experienced extreme pressure, which demanded academicians to develop the model for efficient port operations from the industry perspective. Among many ports in the world, U.S. ports are our primary interest to analyze in our study for its high volume of cargoes transacted in the U.S. ports. We primarily employed DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) technique to research the productivity of U.S. ports and applied the algorithm of double bootstrapped DEA proposed by Simar & Wilson (2007) to further investigate the driving forces of the performance of U.S. port operations. The external variables employed in our study comprise onDock Rail, Channel Depth, Location, Area, Acres, ForeignCargoRatio, and TEUChange, out of which onDock Rail, Acres, ForeignCargoRatio, and TEUChange were significant. In order to evaluate the effects of methodology selection, we conducted the same analysis applying the Censored model (Tobit) and contrasted the outcomes drawn from the two different techniques. Based on the findings from this work we proposed managerial implications and concluded.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.54-95
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze quantitatively and qualitatively the effects of the increase in online shopping and its effects on real-world commercial outlets. The empirical analysis of this study is based on the results of "Census on Establishments" and "Online Shopping Survey" that cover 15 years, from 2002 to 2016. According to the results of this study, the increase in the number of online transactions affects the decrease in the number of stores in the real-world retail sector. However, non-specialized large stores and chain convenience stores showed an increase in the number of stores. In addition, the number of F&B stores increased the most in line with the increase in online transactions. This is because the increase in online transactions and in internet users led to the use of more delivery applications and the introduction of popular places on blogs or through social media. Street-level rents for medium and large-sized locations increased. In other words, it is seen that the demand for differentiated real-world stores that provide a good user experience increases, even though online transactions also increase. These results suggest that real-world stores should provide good user experiences in their physical locations with a certain size and assortment of goods.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.107-133
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• 2011

This paper aims to analyze the causal relationships between agricultural exports and economic growth in the U.S. economy by 50 states. Using the annual data from 1973 to 2007, the theoretical methodologies based on the export-led growth (ELG) model under the static model, the impulse response function (IRF) and forecast error variation decomposition (FEVD) under the vector autoregressive (VAR) model, and the Granger causality test. The results show the causal relationship between agricultural exports and economic growth at the states' level. Especially, the ELG hypothesis is strongly supported in the case of 16 states (HI, ID, KS, MD, MI, MN, NJ, NC, ND, OK, OR, RI, SD, TX, WA, and WI) and is also weakly supported in the case of 31 states. Therefore, the agricultural exports are important factor of developing in the U.S. economy, and furthermore some states (located in coastal area and breadbasket) indicate the strong evidence for agricultural exports-led growth.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.641-647
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• 2019

Yearly world vehicle production has continued to increase, and the global seaborne trade volumes also are recovering. Based on these positive trends, as demand for cargo ships increases in the freight transportation market, Pure car and truck carriers (PCTCs) with large gaps between decks continue to be ordered. The structural analysis of the cargo hold was performed in order to confirm its structural safety in accordance with the guidance for the direct strength assessment of the Korean Register (KR) of Shipping. And, according to the type of cargo, the maximum deflection and structurally weak area that occurred in deck 5 was confirmed. Also, it was found that the weight of the cargo had a significant effect on the deck, the primary members of the deck's structure, and pillars. The results of the structural analysis conducted in this study were added to the existing cargo load planning software. This was done so that the prediction of the maximum stress and the deflection of the deck based on the information about the cargo could be confirmed quickly. In addition, the data will be used as the basic data for rapid information management response to changes in cargo items.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.127-134
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• 2016

Purpose - Value chain in agriculture refers to direct and indirect activities related to value-added process from raw materials to final products in agricultural industries. In recent years, value chain analysis has become more important in the area of agricultural development. This article reviews the concept and importance of value chain analysis in the context of agricultural development and attempts to suggest improvement strategies. Research design, data, methodology - A literature survey was conducted for value chain analysis for agricultural development. The case of agro-value chain in Cambodia was deeply analyzed based upon interviews with government officers and related experts. Results - It seems that agro-value chain in developing countries are not well developed and does not carry out appropriate functions, compared to developed countries. Because value adding facilities, such as storage, processing and packing plants, milling plants, and etc. are not sufficiently constructed, the quality of agricultural products is low. Especially developing countries may loose opportunities to increase value of their product by exporting their agricultural products as raw materials to neighboring countries. Value adding process is also mainly controlled by traders in local markets or wholesale markets in urban areas. Farmers therefore can get lower share of final value of agricultural products compared to the shares paid to traders. Lastly it is argued that governments of developing countries do not play an active role in developing value chains and do not carry out coordinating functions in an effective and efficient manner. Conclusions - The first step to improve agro-value chain in developing countries is to identify and analyze value chain structure of agricultural products and to make development strategies and implementation programs. For improving value chain of agricultural products in developing countries, it is required to provide not only plans for constructing hardwares, such as wholesale markets, storage facilities, processing and packing plants, and etc., but also plans for improving softwares, such as measures for improving product quality and safety, setting up grade and standard, providing market information, and nurturing producer cooperatives.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.569-576
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• 2008

By the development of international trade in last decades, Korean International Trade has been grown rapidly and Korean Port and Port facilities have been improved stimultaneously: finally volume of the marine traffic increased rapidly. Presently, 15 VTS centers have serving in Korean waters and since the introduction of the first VIS Center in Korea there is no quantitative analysis to find workload of VIS operator. After that Port-MIS and De-brief data have been gathered for 7 days and inbound-outbound vessels time-g/t table prepared and traffic volume examined for each V1S center. Hence $L^2$ conversion traffic volume and dangerous vessel ratio obtained Later on conversion controlled number obtained by denoting ratio 1.0 to directly controlled vessels by VTSO and denoting ratio 0.3 to indirectly controlled vessels by VTSO. Traffic volume, large vessel ratio, dangerous vessel ratio, dimension of VTS controlled area, marine accident occurrence frequency and communication volume of comm. log can be counted as a factor which influence to workload of VTSO. All those factors have been examined and analyzed. Finally, ship's size and dangerous vessel ratio have been chosen to derive the Number of composite conversion control for workload formula.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.263-283
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• 2011

As China has achieved continuous high growth, innovative housing system and rapid growth of housing finance for thirty years since its reforming and opening, Chinese real estate industry has developed rapidly, investment in real estate has increased remarkably and price of real estate has increased continuously. In particular, as China joined WTO in 2001, overseas companies have expanded investment in Chinese real estate market with chances of potential profit. Recently, management of foreign capital real estate companies has expanded from housing to office buildings and luxury shops. Besides, management has expanded from real estate development to various tasks such as management, brokerage service, lease management and financial investment. In order to measure relationship between FDI in Chinese real estate and Chinese housing price, this document utilizes not only various data such as housing price, FDI to real estate, domestic loan of real estate, interest rate and exchange rate in 35 major cities across China but also previous researches to set an empirical analysis model and analyze effects of foreigners' direct investment in Chinese real estate on Chinese housing price.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.107-129
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• 2010

This study does the logistic regression analysis in a survey how Korean Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs) recognize the effects of the Korea-India Comprehensive Economic Partnership (CEPA) on their business activities and strategies. The results show that Korean SMEs which have relatively more employees and bigger size in terms of sales have interest in the Korea-India CEPA. In particular, the SMEs which are engaged in their business activities with India have more interest in the CEPA than those that have not any business relations with India. However, the results show that they will not enter or expand their business fields in India even though the CEPA starts. It implies that Korean SMEs recognize that the CEPA will not affect their business significantly. Thus, this study has a policy implication for government to adopt/establish policies for SMEs utilizing the CEPA. It includes information services about the CEPA, India markets, a political corporation between the Governments for improving the partnerships in the trade and FDI and so on.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.27-42
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• 2016

This study is to investigate seaport clustering by using meta-frontier and cross-efficiency models. Data covers the 13 Asian ports during 2009, 2010 and 2013 with 3 inputs(depth, total area, and number of cranes) and 1 output(TEU). Correlations coefficient from cross-efficiency matrix are used for measuring clustering dendrogram. After that, meta-frontier analysis for investigating whether the clustering using cross-efficiency method increases the meta-efficiency. Empirical main results are as follows: First, group efficiencies of Busan, Incheon, and Gwangyang ports are increased. Second, meta and group efficiencies of China ports are greater than those of Korean ports. Third, distortion of technology gap of Gwangyang is lower than that of Busan and Incheon. Fourth, Gwangyang, clustering with Ningbo, Chingtao, Tokyo and Caosung ports in 2009 and with Dubai port in 2013 can increase the efficiency. Fifth, to enhance the efficiency, Busan port should be clustered to group 2 in 2010 and group 1 in 2013, and Incheon port clustered to group 2 in 2010 and 2013. Fifth, it is empirically investigated that Busan, Incheon and Gwangyang ports can increase the efficiency by using Cross-efficiency and Meta-frontier models. Port policy planner should promote the clustering policy for Busan with Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Singapore, Incheon and Gwangyang with Chingtao, Nagoya, Ningbo, Tokyo, and Kaoshung ports.