• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 2부
• /
• pp.380-385
• /
• 2008

자동차 환경에서 운전자가 주행 Workload라는 Main Task의 제약조건 하에서 Navigation의 효율적인 수행을 위해서는 Navigation에서 제공하는 기능들에 대한 빠른 이해가 필요하며, 이에 부합하는 Navigation Interface 설계를 위해 Navigation의 Screen Size의 제약 조건 하의 Menu Structure의 Width와 Depth 기반의 정보량의 수준과 이에 따른 Menu Structure Type의 연구가 중요한 Issue로 여겨지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 운전 상황과 유사한 환경을 구축하여 Navigation의 7인치와 4인치의 터치 스크린 기반의 Interface 환경에서 운전자에게 각각 다른 Menu Structure를 제시하고, 수행도와 선호도를 비교하였다.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.291-298
• /
• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to predict Korean text entry on touchscreens using ACT-R cognitive architecture. Background: Touchscreen application in devices such as satellite navigation devices, PDAs, mobile phones, etc. has been increasing, and the market size is expanding. Accordingly, there is an increasing interest to develop and evaluate the interface to enhance the user experience and increase satisfaction in the touchscreen environment. Method: In this study, Korean text entry performance in the touchscreen environment was analyzed using ACT-R. The ACT-R model considering the characteristics of the Korean language which is composed of vowels and consonants was established. Further, this study analyzed if the prediction of Korean text entry is possible through the ACT-R cognitive model. Results: In the analysis results, no significant difference on performance time between model prediction and empirical data was found. Conclusion: The proposed model can predict the accurate physical movement time as well as cognitive processing time. Application: This study is useful in conducting model-based evaluation on the text entry interface of the touchscreen and enabled quantitative and effective evaluation on the diverse types of Korean text input interfaces through the cognitive models.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.589-595
• /
• 2011

Objective: This study compares two visual occlusion methods for the evaluation of in-vehicle interfaces. Background: Visual occlusion is a visual demand measuring technique which uses periodic vision/occlusion cycle to simulate a driving(or mobile) environment. It has been widely used for the evaluation of in-vehicle interfaces. There are two major implementation methods for this technique: (1) occlusion using PLATO(portable liquid crystal apparatus for tachistoscopic occlusion) goggles; (2) occlusion using a software application on a touchscreen device. Method: An experiment was conducted to examine the visual demand of an in-vehicle interface prototype using the goggle-based and the touchscreen-based occlusion methods. Address input and radio tuning tasks were evaluated in the experiment. Results: The results showed that, for the radio tuning task, there were no significant differences in total shutter open time and resumability ratio between the two occlusionconditions. However, it took longer for the participants to input addresses with the touchscreen-based occlusion. Conclusion & Application: The results suggest that touchscreen-based method could be used as an alternative to traditional, gogglebased visual occlusion especially in less demanding visual tasks such as radio tuning.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.78-88
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we present the Touch Text exTractor (Touch TT), an interactive text segmentation tool for the extraction of scene text from camera-based images. Touch TT provides a natural interface for a user to simply indicate the location of text regions with a simple touchline. Touch TT then automatically estimates the text color and roughly locates the text regions. By inferring text characteristics from the estimated text color and text region, Touch TT can extract text components. Touch TT can also handle partially drawn lines which cover only a small section of text area. The proposed system achieves reasonable accuracy for text extraction from moderately difficult examples from the ICDAR 2003 database and our own database.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.109-117
• /
• 2008

Compared to the existing PC which uses a mouse and a keyboard, the touchscreen-based portable PC allows the user to use fingers, requiring new operation methods. However, current touchscreen-based web browser operations in many cases involve merely having fingers move simply like a mouse and click, or not corresponding well to the user's sensitivity and the structure of one's index finger, making itself difficult to be used during walking. Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop finger gestures which facilitate the interaction between the interface and the user, and make the operation easier. First, based on the frequency of usage in the web browser and preference, top eight functions were extracted. Then, the users' structural knowledge was visualized through sketch maps, and the finger gestures which were applicable in touchscreens were derived through the Meaning in Mediated Action method. For the front/back page, and up/down scroll functions, directional gestures were derived, and for the window closure, refresh, home and print functions, letter-type and icon-type gestures were drawn. A validation experiment was performed to compare the performance between existing operation methods and the proposed one in terms of execution time, error rate, and preference, and as a result, directional gestures and letter-type gestures showed better performance than the existing methods. These results suggest that not only during the operation of touchscreen-based web browser in portable PC but also during the operation of telematics-related functions in automobile, PDA and so on, the new gestures can be used to make operation easier and faster.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.68-76
• /
• 2010

최근 터치스크린 기술은 인간이 컴퓨터와 대화할 수 있는 주요 도구로서 급진적인 발전을 이루고 있다. 이 사용자 친화적인 인터페이스는 휴대폰에 이어 데스크탑, TV와 같은 대형스크린 시장까지 확산되어가고 있지만 기존의 저항막방식, 정전용량방식, 초음파방식 등은 기술 및 비용문제로 인하여 중 대형스크린에 적용하기 힘들다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 적외선과 라인스캔 이미지센서를 이용하여 간단하고 저렴한 비용으로 중 대형스크린에 적용할 수 있는 광학 영상 터치스크린 솔루션을 소개하고 이 기술이 갖는 문제점과 해결방안을 제시한다. 멀티 포인트를 추출하기 위한 주요 알고리즘은 범용프로세서를 이용하여 구현 시 약 34ms(29fps)가 소요되었으며 이는 휴먼인터페이스 디바이스로 사용되기에는 불충분하였다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 신호처리 및 좌표추출연산을 위한 하드웨어를 설계하여 성능을 향상시키고 광학 영상 터치스크린이 갖는 문제점을 소프트웨어에서 효율적으로 처리할 수 있도록 하였다. 설계한 터치스크린 컨트롤러의 PSM(Power Saving Mode)은 1.8Wh의 적외선 소비에너지를 0.0072Wh 까지 개선하였으며 60인치 대형스크린에서 2개의 실제 좌표를 200fps 속도로 연산해낸다.

• 산업공학
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.329-335
• /
• 2009

Recently, the use of soft-keyboard is widespread and increases, because various handheld devices were developed such as PDA, navigation, mobile phones with enhanced competence of touchscreen. The use of soft-keyboard requires different characteristics compared to traditional hard-keyboard like QWERTY keyboard: no standard character layout, one finger entry, and cognitive processing time. In this study, therefore, the optimal soft-keyboard layout for one finger text entry in touchscreen environment was investigated among 6 keyboard layouts which were developed based on traditional characteristic of Korean text and the usage frequency of both vowels and consonants. As a result, the interface with Korean text invention order like 'ㄱㄴㄷㄹ' or 'ㅏㅑㅓㅕㅕ' was found to be better than the interface with usage frequency-based arrangement. Especially the vowels were most efficient when separated into two parts; located at the right-hand side and at right below the consonants. In conclusion, the keyboard layout with regard to the Korean text characteristic and the invention order was a more effective layout resulted from the minimum cognitive processing time.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.793-803
• /
• 2015

We propose a novel HMI UI/UX for an in-vehicle infotainment system. Our proposed HMI UI comprises multimodal interfaces that allow a driver to safely and intuitively manipulate an infotainment system while driving. Our analysis of a touchscreen interface-based HMI UI/UX reveals that a driver's use of such an interface while driving can cause the driver to be seriously distracted. Our proposed HMI UI/UX is a novel manipulation mechanism for a vehicle infotainment service. It consists of several interfaces that incorporate a variety of modalities, such as speech recognition, a manipulating device, and hand gesture recognition. In addition, we provide an HMI UI framework designed to be manipulated using a simple method based on four directions and one selection motion. Extensive quantitative and qualitative in-vehicle experiments demonstrate that the proposed HMI UI/UX is an efficient mechanism through which to manipulate an infotainment system while driving.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제13권12호
• /
• pp.595-603
• /
• 2013

디지털 기술의 발달로 인해 터치스크린은 이제 대부분 정보기기에 탑재되고 있다. 복사기의 경우 다른 어떤 정보기기 보다 이른 시기에 터치스크린이 탑재되어 사용 되었음에도 불구하고, 현재 복사기의 User Interface(이하 UI)를 살펴보면 과거로부터 관습적으로 사용되어온 방식을 특별한 재검증 없이 그대로 유지하고 있는 경우를 쉽게 발견 할 수 있다. 그러나 복사기와 같은 사무용 공용기기의 경우 비교적 사용자가 기기와 마주하는 시간이 짧고 사용 목적이 분명하며 간결하기 때문에 사용자와 기기 간 User Experience(이하 UX)가 중요한 요소로 작용 한다고 할 수 있을 것이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 시장의 보수적인 성격과 기기 사용자와 구매자의 상이함이 기기의 UI를 적극적으로 변화 시키는데 큰 걸림돌로 작용되고 있다. 그러나 최근 스마트폰을 중심으로 하드웨어 요소인 버튼이 터치스크린 상으로 위치를 이동하고, 공용/공공기기들이 터치스크린을 중심으로 하는 UX의 변화가 급격하게 일어나면서 복사기 또한 UX의 변화를 요구받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현 복사기에 나타나는 이 같은 문제점들을 개선하기 위해 문헌을 통해 현재까지의 연구를 살펴 본 후 사용자조사와 프로토타입(Prototype)을 통한 사용자평가를 통해 복사기를 구성하고 있는 UI 요소와 이에 따른 사용행태의 변화 등을 조사하였다. 특히 복사기에 있어서 소프트웨어 버튼중심 UI와 하드웨어 버튼중심 UI간 차이가 사용자와 사용성에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로서 새로운 복사기 UX의 방향을 제시 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 복사기 및 공용기기의 사용성향상과 UX디자인에서 기반자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.655-659
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study is to quantitatively incorporate user observation into usability evaluation of mobile interfaces using monitoring techniques in first- and third-person points of view. In this study, an experiment was conducted to monitor and record users' behavior using Ergoneers Dikablis, a gaze tracking device. The experiment was done with 2 mobile phones each with a button keypad interface and a touchscreen interface for comparative analysis. The subjects included 20 people who have similar experiences and proficiency in using mobile devices. Data from video recordings were coded with Noldus Observer XT to find usage patterns and to gather quantitative data for analysis in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. Results showed that the button keypad interface was generally better than the touchcreen interface. The movements of the fingers and gaze were much simpler when performing given tasks on the button keypad interface. While previous studies have mostly evaluated usability with performance measures by only looking at task results, this study can be expected to contribute by suggesting a method in which the behavioral patterns of interaction is evaluated.