• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.276-283
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• 2007

Purpose: This present study has been conducted on female workers' shorter working hours in order to look into their fatigue level and the correlation between fatigue and working hours. Method: We surveyed 237 respondents using a questionnaire from June 1st to June 20th, 2005. Results: The means of total fatigue complaint was 3.45. The fatigue level was significantly higher in the lower age group, unmarried group, manager group and shorter working duration group. And the fatigue level was significantly correlated to working hours and work intensity. In the results of stepwise multiple regression, factors affecting the fatigue level were the change of work intensity, age, regular diet habit, working hours and the type of occupation. Conclusion: It is necessary to prepare the health promotion programs, which can reduce female workers' fatigue level and relieve the intensity of their works.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.41
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• pp.185-206
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to improve productivity for maximum effects with the present equipments and staff. This study compared and analyzed the mea-sured time by using stop watch method and MTM, which was the new measuring method. The flow and results of this study were as follows: 1. This study investigated the theoretical background the efficiency for production management, and the way of productivity improvement through documentary research. 2. Setting up the standard flow on the experi-mental company production, making out a process chart and measuring the actual working hour. 3. The study measured the allowance time applying work sampling. 4. Each process of the movement analysis was filmed by video to use basic data. 5. MTM analysis was taken by choosing 10 processes from front bodice according to the basic movement of MTM. Through the results, this study exclude unneccesary movements and suggest a method for working ways. 6. Using the actual working hour measured by a stop watch calculated the pitch time and presumed the amount of daily productivity. 7. The result of the work sampling came out as 38% of allowance rate. It was 13% higher than the standard amount of woman's jacket allowance rate, which was 25%. The most influencing factor was work discussion. That was because there were commuication problem of the work way between the operator and leader. More adequate use of flow table and level passing table was needed. There were the problems that inappropriate places and sizes made the distance of movements longer and often needed more adjustment of works and surroundings. To prevent breakdowns equipments check ups were necessary before works. 8. The results of MTM analysis were as follow : the time was reduced 40% than the actual measured time by a stop watch. This was because the leveling of the operator was included in the real calculation. Also, leveling was included in MTM analysis and all the conditions were standarized. Therefore MTM method was a scientidic measuring way of establishing the standard time. The presented method of this study, suggested an ideal method eliminating unneccesary motions, and presented standardization of works. Improvement of working methods, work condition and simplifying motions in each 10 processes reduced the working time from total 656 seconds to 301 seconds. 9. The way and time of working was linked together in the MTM analysis methods. Thus data from MTM help suggest not only establishing standard time but also establishing stan-dard work. Plus it includes various ability for improvements of working ways. So it is an objective method which can be widely used in other work studies. 10. The function of a time study is to determine the amount of work produced with a given method. The work rate is used to establish the cost of labor. The wage of worker must be calculated per unit time which is deter-mined before the time study is made. This study tried to introduce the incentive rule for deciding wages according to the standard time by MTM method.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.192-200
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study aimed to investigate job stress levels of occupational health managers and whether job stress levels were affected by various factors such as size and types of company and work-related characteristics of occupational health managers. Methods: The study was conducted from May to September 2011 in the chemicals manufacturing factories in Korea and total subjects were 59 occupational health managers. We measured job stress levels of occupational health managers using Korean occupational stress scale (KOSS) questionnaires and the information of company characteristics was obtained using a self-reported questionnaire. Results: The characteristics of company such as type, size and industries and job characteristics of occupational health managers were significant factors in job stress. Job demand, job control, job insecurity, organizational system and occupational environment scores were significantly associated with type, size and industries of company. In multiple regression analyses, we found that job demand was significantly associated with occupational position and type of company, and job insecurity was significantly associated with working hour. Also, we found that lack of reward was significantly associated with education level, speciality, duration of work and hour and type of company. Conclusion: These results indicate that job stress of occupational health managers is significantly associated with work-related characteristics and company's characteristics.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.458-471
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• 2001

To evaluate the infra structure supporting hospital nutrition services, we conducted a survey on the unit of organization, unit of dietitians work system, number of personnel engaged on nutrition services, productivity of food service, management of dietitians works, computerization of nutrition services etc. Total ninety-six hospitals were participated in the survey, and they were varied in terms of hospital classification, location, number of beds and type of food service management. All of the large hospitals with more than 400 beds conducted nutrition services under the department of nutrition, but some of the middle and small hospitals with less than 400 beds conducted nutrition services under the other department such as administration. In most of the tertiary hospitals, the work of dietitians were separated in which food services and medical nutrition services were conducted independently by different dietitians, whereas, in most of general hospitals and all the hospital, food services and medical nutrition services were conducted by the same dietitians in all time. The numbers of dietitians and cooks per 100 beds were fewer in the large hospitals with more than 400 beds than the hospitals with less than 400 beds, and the number of cooking and meal serving assistants were the just opposit. The average productivity of food service was 44.5 meals per hour for each dietitian, 84.8 meals per hour for a cook and 7.0 meals per hour for a cooking and meal serving assistant. The productivities for dietitians and cooks tend to be higher in large hospitals than middle and small hospitals, whereas the productivities for cooking and meal serving assistants were just opposite. The large hospitals seemed to solve the problem on the lack of working personnels by hiring part-time workers and by utilization of computer system for their works. The pattern of daily work management in food service area was not much different between dietitians duties, but the pattern of daily work management in medical nutrition service area was different in a way which the analysis of patients nutrient intakes was almost not conducted by dietitians handling both food services and medical nutrition services. Therefore, this study demonstrates that there are significant differences in the infra structures conducting nutrition services among hospitals, suggesting that the strategies to improve this improve this structure in relation to the improvement of service qualities need to be investigated in the future. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 458∼471, 2001)

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.5-15
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the sleep and fatigue between groups with two shift and three shift nurses. A total of 14 nurses working in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NIC) were included with the seven for two shifts and the other seven for three shifts. Data were collected by Korean version of sleep tool(Oh et al., 1998) and fatigue symptom tool(Kim et al., 2001) and analyzed using SPSS PC 12.0. The results of the study were as follows: 1) There was statistically a significant difference in the number of total sleep hour and no difference in fatigue between groups. 2) There were no significant differences found in both sleep and fatigue by demographic characteristics between groups. 3) There were no correlations between sleep and fatigue in both groups. Through the further future studies, the findings of this study were expected to provide an opportunities for exploring the information on 2-shift nurses as well as 3-shift nurses and to offer the fundamental data on an arrangement of work force according to the types of shift work.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2021

Background: In this study, the association of work and demographic characteristics with different traffic offenses committed by food delivery riders in Greece was examined. Previous research has identified various factors related to risky driving however, there is a need for exploring the complex interrelationship of work-related factors underlying risky driving behavior. Materials and Methods: A 2-items uestionnaire was used exploring delivery riders demographic characteristics, terms of employment, issues of concern during work and type of traffic offenses committed. In total, uestionnaires were analyzed using logistic regression in order to identify characteristics independently associated with serious traffic offenses, namely, red-light running and helmet non-use. Results: The analysis showed that: (i) typical health and safety measures had no effect on serious traffic offenses, (ii) young age was related to both offenses however (iii) different sets of work conditions were associated with reports of red-light running (i.e. low work experience, use of personal vehicle for work, and payment by hour) and helmet non-use respectively (i.e. intense work pace, high tip income per day and low concern about vehicle condition). Conclusion: The above findings provide evidence that serious traffic offenses are manifestations of underlying conflict experienced by the riders between safety and various performance criteria. Each one of the two offenses is related to different rider profiles aiming to satisfy different goals, namely, those mainly trying to maximize profit non-helmet users and those, mostly inexperienced ones, trying to cope with work pressure red light runners. Potential regulatory measures to alleviate risky practices are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.80-87
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the use of an alternative input device on the patient's work performance and satisfaction in patients with cerebral palsy who cannot use computers. Design: Case Series Description. Methods: The participant was one adult cerebral palsy. The three tasks were applied with an alternative input device (Quick-Glance), 1 session an hour, 3 times a week, a total of 12 times for 4 weeks. The assessment was using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). The evaluation was performed pre-test before the intervention, post-test after the last intervention, and follow-up after one month. Results: The COPM(Satisfaction and performance scores) showed 3 points for pre-test, 7 points for post-test, and 7 points for follow-up. Conclusion: Purposeful computer work activity, which is an alternative input device, has a positive effect on work performance and satisfaction of cerebral palsy patients who are difficult to use computer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.116-124
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of subjective overwork on health and the moderating effect of risk perception in the relationship between subjective overwork and health. The data used in this study are the fourth Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS) conducted by Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) in 2014. The items related to actual working hours, subjective overwork, health, and risk perception were used. A total of 18,508 workers who are 1) waged workers, 2) work more than three days a week, 3) work more than 21 hours a week, 4) work longer than preferred work hours or work as longer as they desired were selected. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to identify the effect of actual work hours, subjective overwork, prevalence of risk, lethalness of accident damage on health and to determine the moderating effects of prevalence of risk and lethalness of accident damage. As a result, actual work hours, subjective overwork, prevalence of risk, lethalness of accident damage had an effect on worker's health problems. Second, lethalness of accident damage had a moderating effect in the relationship between subjective overwork and health. These results suggest that organizations should manage worker's environmental factors and other threats that could increase the lethalness of accident damage.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 1978

This study was carried out through the survey questionaries in order to get the information for proper operating technique of the two-wheel tractors which are widely used in the farm, and investigated various accidents which occurred during the operation of two-wheel tractors for farm works in 7 Provinces of Korea. The summarized results are as follows ; 1. Annual accident frequency of the two-wheel tractor was 2.07 times, and the average rate of accident was 0.72 times per hour. Its value was the largest in the pre-operations , and the smallest in the threshing operation. 2. The accident distribution according to each month was nearly propertional to the operating hours of the two-wheel tractor. More than 60 % of total accident was concentrated during the rice transplanting and harvesting season. 3. The careless accident was more than 50% of total accident , and inevitable accident about 18% . The rate of careless accident showed the highest in pre-operation such as engine starting, check, and adjustment, and belt change. 4. The serious wounded operator was 7.1 % to total wounded operator , and about 50 % of accident of casualties to operators occurred during haruling operations. 5. The amount of casualties to property was range of 1,000 to 10,000 won, and annual total amount per unit tractor could be estimated to be 10 , 000 won.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.73 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 1986

The processing times of the works, chainsaw felling, axe trimming and hand skidding to the corridor, by one-man-work method per single pole timber were investigated in the thinning young Japanese larch stand at the Training Forests of the Forest Work Tranining Center in Kangwon-do. The works were performed by a skilled worker with the craftman qualification and 69 trees were cut. Time was checked at intervals of 25/100 minute by the multimoment method and the worker's efficiency was evaluated for every cycle. Total working time was 8.11 hours of which 90% was for thinning work and 10% for cleaning work. Of the total working hours, 82.7% was net working time, 12.3% was general working time and 4.9% was non-valuated time. Of the net working time, 5.9hours, for only thinning, 20.9% was spent on moving to the feeling tree, 27.1% was spent on felling, 40.5% was spent on trimming and 11.5% was spent on skidding to corridor. Net chainsaw operating time was 0.94 hour which included 0.2 hour for cleaning work. Of the net chainsaw operating time, 0.94 hour, 66% was operating time and 34% was idle running time. The basic and general working times by DBH classes with application of 130% worker's efficiency calculated from regression equations were shown in table 1. For better practical using of this table, the simplified proposal was given in table 2.