• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.46-64
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• 1995

The 12-hour work shift can be influenced on the nurse's job satisfaction, effective personnel administration, and quality of patient care. The purpose of this study was to explore the perception on the 12-hour work shift by nurses. A total of 516 nurses were selected by convenience sampling from six general hospitals in Seoul. Based on the literature review, the questionnaire on the need of the 12-hour work shift was designed by the investigator. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Duncan's method as post-hoc test. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. The need of 12-hour work shift The mean needs of 12-hour work shift in the nursing practice, psychological, physical, socioeconomic, and environmental perspectives were 3.05, 2.72, 2.66, 3.08, and 4.22. 2. The need of 12-hour work shift by demographic data For the nursing practice, there was a statistically significant relationship between marital status(p=.021), satisfaction on the 8-hour work shift(p=.038), the perception on the 12-hour work shift(p=.001) and the need of 12-hour work shift. For the psychological perspectives, there was a statistically significant relationship between marital status(p=.016), the perception on the 12-hour work shift(p=.0001), and the need of 12-hour work shift. For the physical perspectives, there was a statistically significant relationship between age(p=.002), marital status(p=.005), the number of children(p=.005), the duration of job career(p=.014), the job position(p=.002), the work shift(p=.030), the perception on the 12-hour work shift(p=.0001) and the need of 12-hour work shift. For the socioeconomic perspectives, there was a statistically significant relationship between the job position(0=.002), the work shift(p=.006), the perception of the 12-hour work shift(p=.002) and the need of 12-hour work shift. For the environmental perspectives, there was a statisitically significant relationship between the traffic method(p=.05), the duration of the job career(p=.026), the perception on the 12-hour work shift(p=.309) and the need of 12-hour work shift. 3. The need of 12-hour work shift by the demographic data There was a statistically significant difference between marital status(p=.014), the number of children(p=.038), the job position(p=.007), the work shift(p=.037), and the perception on the 12-hour work shift(p=.0001) for the need of 12-hour work shift.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.323-332
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate work analysis by use of work sampling and productivity of school feeding at three elementary schools in Seoul. The results were as knows: 1. In the mean work percent of dietitians The direct work functions showed the highest, as the mean work percent was 40.4% for me direct work functions, 29.9% for me indirect work functions and 29.8% for me delays. Among the direct work functions, routine clerical was 30.9%, and receiving was 9.5%. 2. In the mean work percent of bakers The direct work functions (73.5%) marked the highest. Among those, cooking was 41.8%, transportation was 15.9%, and cleaning was 8.5%. 3. In the mean work percent of workers The direct work functions (781%) were me highest. Among those, the decreasing order was cooking (32.3%), cleaning (27.8%), and transportation (13.8%). 4. Work percent per labor hour The work percent per labor hour of dietitians was higher in the morning than in me afternoon, while they continued to work even during the lunch time. Bakers usually worked in me morning, but rarely worked in me afternoon. Workers had lunch and break time after their food service. In me school aided by parents volunteers, the total work time of workers was reduced by an hour and their work percent in me afternoon was high. 5. The number of mea1s served per labor hour was 32.6 meals, and me labor time spent per served mea1 was 1.8 minutes.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.445-452
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• 2001

The purpose of this study to compare the muscle performances (peak torque (PT), relative strength (RS), average power (AP), and total work (TW)) between taping group and non-taping group after 1 hour extensive exercise. Twenty healthy male subjects were evaluated in this study. Each subject was divided with taping(n=10) and non-taping group (n=10) randomly. Muscle performances were measured at 60 degree/sec and 180 degree/sec on the Cybex 770. The PT, RS, AP, and TW were measured before and after 1 hour extensive exercise. The results showed that taping group demonstrated significantly higher PT, RS, AP, and TW during ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion at 60 degree/sec than those of non-taping group, except for total work during ankle plantar flexion. At the 180 degree/sec, PT and RS was significantly higher during ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion in taping group than in non-taping group. This results suggest that lower leg taping could be useful to maintain muscle performances during sport activities.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.425-433
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• 2009

The developed final shattering machine for labor-saving mechanization of shattering of sesame consisted of input part, shattering part, re-shattering part for unshattered pod and pneumatic sorter. The bundle of sesame was held as upside down and fed into the machine continuously. Then, the fed bundle of sesame was shattered by side shock and agitation. The performance of shattering for the sun dried bundle of sesame of conventional manual work and final shattering machine was compared. Since the shattering ratio measured by the final machine was 97.2% at the first operation, in case of fully dried sesame by drying stand, the harvest of sesame can be completed by only one time shattering operation. The work hour per area of 10 a for the mechanical work and the manual work were 0.3 hour and 13.9 hour, respectively. The total shattering ratio of the final machine with vertical feedings of bundle of sesames was 97.2%.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.269-278
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• 2011

This study aims at setting up productive capacity which can be usefully utilized for work management of apparel manufacturers. So as to achieve this goal, an apparel manufacturing company which has been operated by miniline system in Seoul was selected. Standard time and man-hour were calculated to create the accurate productive capacity by observing and measuring a work flow included cutting, sewing and finishing processes. And the result is as following. The standard time for each process was presented as cutting process 47004.5s, sewing process 671050.5s and finishing process 22426.3s. And 15284.4ms was computed as total procession man-hour per day of the manufacturer which is organized of 16 people. Also, the procession man-hour for each process was revealed as cutting process 396.7ms(2.6%), sewing process 14509.3ms(94.9%) and finishing process 378.5ms(2.5%). +Surplus was found in the productivity for each process included the cutting process(outshell, lining and seam process), the sewing process(preparation and arrangement process) and the finishing process. But, additional man-hour 52436.18ms was required because the productive capacity was calculated as -surplus(-13.9%) in the sewing process(part and assembly process). Therefore, a work schedule was planned based on the previous result. However, loading can be ideal when a capacity and a load become '0'. The object company should find the way to reduce allowance(26.25%) of the sewing process through reconstruction of consciousness and improvement in functions with analyzing works of operators. Also, they need to consider an additional supplement of the personnel.

• Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
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• v.95 no.5
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• pp.233-239
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• 2018

Purpose: In Korea, the working-hour limitation regulation has been implemented in December 2017. We aimed to define the difference in operative experience of surgical residents before and after implementing this policy in 2 hospitals among 8 affiliated hospitals of the Catholic Medical Center where implemented the 80 working-hour limitation policy since March 2015. Methods: All the operation records were reviewed, and the number of resident-participated surgeries between March and August in 2002 and 2017 were compared. Operations performed or participated in by residents as first assistants were defined as resident participated surgery. Results: After 2 years from the initiation of the resident work-hour limitations, the number of resident participated surgery has slightly decreased in both hospitals (Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital [YSM]: 317 to 302, St. Paul Hospital [SPH]: 635 to 461). For each resident, changes were like followings: $0{\rightarrow}21$ cases for R1, $65{\rightarrow}72$ cases for R2, $83{\rightarrow}192$ cases for R3, and $169{\rightarrow}17$ cases for R4 in YSM. In SPH, number of resident participating surgery was changed like followings: $4{\rightarrow}32$ cases for R1, $222{\rightarrow}100$ cases for R2, $317{\rightarrow}300$ cases for R3, and $92{\rightarrow}29$ cases for R4. In both hospital, while, total number of resident participating oncologic surgery has been decreased, number of resident participating appendectomy has been far increased. Activity of each grade resident is different according to hospital. Conclusion: Although total number of resident participating surgery decreased, variable changes were observed in each grade of resident according to each type of surgery and different hospitals. It is believed that comparisons of experiences from more hospitals in the future would be helpful in establishing the guidelines for surgical experience requirement of residents in Korea.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.37-53
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in perceived time pressure between employed and non-employed married women in Korea. The sample of married couple from the Korean Time Use Survey 2009 (n = 6,948 couple diaries) was used to examined the difference in the level of perceived time pressure over the life cycle of two group. This study also investigated the married women's time use, husband's time use as well as hour of domestic outsourcing and whether such factors are associated with lowering perceived time pressure of married women. Results showed employed wives felt almost 3 times more time pressed than non-employed wives, and the gap mostly remained over different life cycles. Total work hours were associated with increasing the time pressure of both groups of women, while regenerating time was associated with ameliorating time pressure. The result suggests that the time pressure gap between employed and non-employed wives can be partly due to the relative length of total labor hours and regenerating time among the two groups. Ordered logit analysis revealed that husband's paid work hours were not associated with wive's feeling rushed, but husband' unpaid work hours were positively linked with time pressure of their wives. Results indicated if employed or non-employed wives are feeling very busy, there is a high chance that husband might give them some help. We found employed wives spend more hours on housework outsourcing, and purchasing goods for housework was not associated with lowering the feeling of pressure of employed wives. There were both similarity and difference in factors associated with women's feeling pressed among employed and non-employed wives. It implies that social process and it's strategies to alleviate the time pressure can be different by women's employment status.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.182-189
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• 2004

Objectives : The objective of this study is to compare the circadian patterns of heart rate variability assessed by 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings during day shift and night shift among the workers in the 5 days-concecutive-12-hour shift in an automobile factory in Korea. Methods : The study population consisted 300 workers, who were randomly selected among the 8700 total workers in one car factory. To analyse circadian variation, the 24-hour ECG recordings (Marquette) were measured during day shift (08:00-20:00 h) and night shift (20:00-08:00 h). Analysis was performed for all time and frequency domain measures of HRV. 233 workers completed taking 24-hour ECG recordings. Results : This study shows that the 24 hourcircadian variation mainly follows work/sleep cycle rather than day/night cycle among shift workers. This study also shows that among the night shift, the circadian variation between work and sleep cycle decreased compared to the work/sleep cycle among day shift workers. All time and frequency domain parameters (except LF/HF ratio) show significantly different between work and sleep in the day shift and night shift. Conclusion : These changes in heart rate variability circadian rhythms reflect significant reductions in cardiac parasympathetic activity with the most marked reduction in normal vagal activity among the shift workers. Especially, it suggests the circadian rhytm has blunted among the night workers. The quantification of the circadian variation in HRV can be a surrogates of workers' potential health risk, as well as suggests possible mechanisms through which the shift works compromise workers' health.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.125-139
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• 2000

The main purpose of this study is to examine the relation between different patterns of commitment to work role and fathering and the level of life satisfaction. 272 fathers, whose oldest child is under 12 years old with professional, managerial and clerical jobs, were selected. The major findings of this study were as follow: 1) Married men with the oldest child under 12 years old were more likely to be committed to fathering than to work role. 2) The significant variables that affected the level of commitment to fathering were the age of the oldest child, the frequency of participation in the meeting after work, parental satisfaction, and how they perceive the spousal support. And the significant variables that affected the level of commitment to work role were type of job, parental distress, work satisfaction, work distress. 3) Patterns of commitment to fathering and work role were categorized into four groups. The names were given as positively balanced commitment pattern, positive fathering commitment pattern, negative fathering commitment pattern, and totally negative commitment pattern. 4) The significant variables important in classifying the patterns of commitment to work role and fathering appeared to be the age of the oldest child, work distress, the frequency of participation in the meeting after work, parental satisfaction, how they perceive the spousal support, work satisfaction and weekend total working hour. 5) The balanced positive commitment to work and fathering was associated with the highest level of life satisfaction.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.600-601
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• 2015

Both the importance and process of estimating Nuclear-power plant construction time and cost have increased in significance as energy user costs themselves have become more significant. In estimating construction time, few parameters are more significant than work item production rates and factors significantly affecting the rates. A standardized data collection tool was used to acquire a total of 401 data points from a S Nuclear-power plant project, for selected critical works: form-work, rebar-work, and concrete-pouring. With the data, several hypothesized drivers of the man-hour production rates and crew-day production rates were also analyzed. Findings from this study will enable industry professionals to enhance accuracy of time and cost estimation for nuclear power plant construction.