• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

The global dairy industry has faced substantial challenges because of the prolonged coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since 2020 and the initiation of conflict between the Ukraine and Russia. In 2022, the overall milk production reached 936 million tons, reflecting a modest 1.1% increase in total global production. This indicates below-average growth for the second consecutive year because the supply to major export regions became more challenging owing to a significant increase in costs. In China, India, and Pakistan, total milk production increased markedly by 3.1% (average) because of buffalo milk production. In the near future, global milk production is expected to exhibit an average annual growth rate of 1.5%, exceeding that of other major agricultural products. Notably, the trade flow of dairy products is highly reactive to changes in the trade policy environment. Revisions to existing trade agreements or the introduction of new agreements can significantly impact the demand for dairy products and alter the trade patterns of the industry. Collectively, adaptability and strategic policy responses are critical in shaping the future development of this industry, and industry stakeholders worldwide should remain vigilant and prepare for these challenges.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.367-372
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• 2022

Curricular updates in medicine resulted in changes in gross anatomy teaching. We aim to find the trends and methods of gross anatomy teaching in medicine programs in Saudi Arabia. Further, examine whether the data would help to discuss whether a core Anatomy syllabus is required. A survey questionnaire based on the earlier studies, was sent to the anatomy faculty of 25 medical colleges to collect the data on the pedagogic and dissection/laboratory approaches, inclusion of radiological, clinical, surface anatomy sessions, and the total number of hours allocated for anatomy education. A total of 15 responses were received from different medical colleges of which nine provided complete details. A wide variation in the component and mode of delivery of anatomy was observed. The number of hours for the anatomy course ranged from 89 to 388 hours. These data will provide an update on gross anatomy teaching approaches, which will help in making informed decisions in course revisions and adopting the best practices. The variations in anatomy course with short duration raises concern about whether the essential learning outcomes are achieved to prepare a skillful and safe clinician? do we require a core syllabus of Anatomy to be adopted at the national level to achieve the essential learning outcomes? The Anatomical Society, UK has developed core syllabi of Anatomy for undergraduate medical, dental, nursing, and pharmacy students, which can serve as a guide in developing the core syllabus of Anatomy for medicine in Saudi.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.455-463
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• 2011

Conventional construction technologies have been continually applied without consideration of its impact to the environment. This resulted to various problems including the negative responses of local citizens that regarded some constructed facilities as aversive facilities causing environmental and hydraulic problems in the urban area, etc. To prevent these problems, therefore, alternative methods should be undertaken. A new approach termed "Low Impact Development (LID)" technology is currently adapted in developed countries around the world. This study aims to investigate the efficiency of the developed small constructed wetland (SCW) with horizontal subsurface flow as a LID technique applicable in urban areas. Two test-bed facilities were constructed and monitoring had been conducted between July 2010 and June 2011. Based on the findings, the removal efficiencies achieved for TSS, $COD_{Cr}$, TN, TP, Total Fe, Total Pb for the SCW-1 were 66, 53, 46, 55, 67 and 50%, respectively. On the other hand, the SCW-2 attained 82, 62, 51, 48, 74 and 42% efficiency for TSS, $COD_{Cr}$, TN, TP, Total Fe, Total Pb, respectively. The results indicated that the removal of particulate matter and heavy metals which are considered as main pollutants from stormwater runoff in urban areas was satisfactory in the system. Therefore, the test-beds proved to be appropriate for the treatment of pollutants in urban landuses such as road, parking lot, etc. The results of this study can contribute to the conservation of aquatic ecosystems and restoration of natural water cycle in the urban areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.571-582
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to segment department store customers based on patronage orientations of service facilities in a department store and to develop a profile of each segment using store visit behaviors, clothing purchase behaviors and demographics. A total of 453 responses collected from an on-site questionnaire survey to female department store customers was analyzed. Cluster analysis on patronage orientations of department store service facilities identified four groups including: Active patrons(27.3%); Comparison patrons(27.6%); Convenience seekers(27.3%); and Minimum patrons(17.8%). ANOVA and $\chi$$^2$ analyses revealed significant differences among the four groups on store visit behaviors(the extent of store visits and the extent of service facility visits), clothing purchase behaviors(6 store choice criteria and the extent of clothing purchase), and 5 demographic characteristics. The study developed a profile of each segment and provided marketing implications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.560-570
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to segment the cosmeceuticals market based on consumer usage behavior and to develop a profile of each segment using appearance-related variables, purchase attributes, purchase behavior and demographics. A total of 518 responses collected from a questionnaire survey to female consumers was analyzed. Cluster analysis on usage behavior of cosmeceutical products identified three groups including: Anti-aging/Whitening/Slimming product users (22% ); Pore-control product users(20%); and Minimum users(57%). MANOVA, ANOVA and Chi-square analysis revealed significant differences among the three groups on 2 appearance-related variables, 3 purchase attribute factors, 4 purchase behaviors, and 2 demographic characteristics. Based on the results, the study developed a profile of each segment and provided marketing implications.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.223-228
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• 1989

Natural killer (NK) cells are a heteroguneous subpopulation of lymphocytes that spontaneously exhibit cytotoxic activity against various virus-Infected and neoplastic target cells without prior exposure to a specific antigen. It was thought that NK calls play an important role in immunosurvrillanre against viral agents and tumors, and in prevention of metastasis. Recently, several reports have indicated evidence that ginseng extracts show a significant stimulatory effect on the humoral and cellular immune responses. This evidence gives support to the suggestion that the anticarcinogenic effect of ginseng may be due to the effect of ginseng on the immunological system. Treatment with total, diol, and triol saponin resulted in an increase in NK cytotoxic activity, but no enhancement of the lytic activity due to the natural killer cytotoxic factor (NKCF). Therefore, these results suggest that the augmentation of NK activity by ginseng saponin fractions may not be due to the activation of NKCF lytic activity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1988

To investigate the effects of T-2 toxin on the blastogenesis of lymphocytes, pathology, hemogram and blood chemistry in the goat, the korean native goats were treated orally with T-2 toxin for 21 days with a dosage of 0.6mg per kg body weight. The results were as follows: 1. The total count of leukocytes and lymphocytes decreased significantly from 14 to 21 days after treatment. 2. Mryeloid: erythroid ratios increased significantly on days 12 after treatment. 3. Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reactions to tuberculin were reduced predominantly. 4. T-2 toxin induced prolonged prothrombin time. 5. Mitogenic responses of lymphocytes to both lipopolysaccharide and phytohemagglutinin were significantly depressed on days 7 and 14 after treatment. 6. Treatment of T-2 toxin caused marked depletion of lymphocytes in the thymus, mesenteric lymph node, peyer's patchs and spleen.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.296-307
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• 2014

As an educational trial for pursuit of educational excellence in the disadvantaged gifted, this study was to explore learning styles and task preferences by student's grade and gender. Furthermore, this study sought to present the practical basis to develop programs for disadvantaged gifted students. Total 153 disadvantage gifted students responded items of the Learning Styles Inventory-III and the Task Preferences Scale, which responses were analyzed by student's grade and gender in using MANOVA. As the results, the 1st grade disadvantaged gifted students preferred Direct instruction, Technology, and Learning games to the higher grade level students. There were significant differences in task preferences by students' grade level. The 4th grade disadvantaged gifted students preferred Creative tasks and Difficult tasks more than other grade level students.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 1995

The effects of palm oil and soybean oil as a high energy source diet on the performance of broilers under the warm humid environment were studied. Palm oil and soybean oil, either singly or mixed, were incorporated in the experimental diets to a total of 6% of the diet. The performance of the chicken improved (though not significant) with increasing unsaturated fatty acid content in the diets, but the responses to treatments were not consistent. The carcass fat content was generally higher in all the treated groups compared to the control but the differences were not statistically significant. The results also failed to show any effect of combining two sources of oils. Fatty acid composition in the body was found to be influenced greatly by dietary fat. When soybean oil was used instead of palm oil, the amount of linoleic and linolenic acids in the carcass were increased proportionately.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.686-689
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• 2002

This paper proposes a weighted least-squares(WLS) method for designing variable one-dimensional (1-D) FIR digital filters with simultaneously variable magnitude and variable non-integer phase-delay responses. First, the coefficients of a variable FIR filter are represented as the two-dimensional (2-D) polynomials of a pair of spectral parameters: one is for tuning the magnitude response, and the other is for varying its non-integer phase-delay response. Then the optimal coefficients of the 2-D polynomials are found by minimizing the total weighted squared error of the variable frequency response. Finally, we show that the resulting variable FIR filter can be implemented in a parallel form, which is suitable for high-speed signal processing.