• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.226-236
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to classify the torso shape based on abdominal protrusion caused by changes in the physical characteristics of middle-aged women. This study analyzed 3D shape data of 401 females ranging in age from 40 to 59 years who participated in the 6th Size Korea project. Based on the Size Korea 3D measurement standard, 27 additional items such as height, protrusion, and angle were measured in the 3D scan data. Nine factors were extracted from the analysis of constituent factors of the torso: "vertical size of torso," "flatness and protrusion of abdomen," "torso front extrusion," "upper body height," "bust size and flatness," "size of belly and angle of lower abdomen," "hip length," "hip flatness," and "horizontal size of bust." As a result of the cluster analysis using these nine factors, the torsos of middle-aged women were classified into three types. Type 1 has upper abdominal deposition with a small and long upper body and an advanced abdomen; type 2 has lower abdominal deposition with a small and short torso and a small belly and hip flexion; and type 3 has central abdominal deposition with a big and long torso, large breasts, and protruding abdo¬men front. The middle-aged women were mostly distributed in Type 2. The above results will be useful as basic data for the development of clothing with improved fit to accommodate the changed physical characteristics of middle-aged women.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.25-37
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this research is to understand the physiological characteristics of muscular men between the ages of 20 and 34 years who are distinct from the general population due to their muscular development, and to categorize them according to upper body somatotypes. This research was conducted in order to provide basic data necessary for developing clothing products for muscular men. The research method and results were as follows: the "Sheldon's" and "Heath-Carter" somatotype classification methods were carried out at sports centers, the Athletic College, and military bases in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. Excluding the 32 subjects that did not have a balanced mesomorph, ectomorphic mesomorph or mesomorph-ectomorph, research on the remaining 168 subjects was used in the data analysis. 2. We used the following factor analysis: factor 1 for torso size; factor 2 for upper-arm, armpit, and chest breath size; and 3. The upper body was categorized into four (4) types, and their individual characteristics were as follows: Type 1 had the most developed arms, shoulders, chest muscles, and the shortest height. These subjects had an average of 191 somatotype points and could be classified as a balanced mesomorph. The heights and the lengths of Type 2 were short. They had slim physical structures, averaged 182 somatype points, and could be classified as an ectomorphic mesomorph. somatotype points and were classified as a balanced mesomorph. The heights and the lengths of Type 4 were long. They had slim physical structures, averaged 164 somatotype points, and were classified as a balanced mesomorph-ectomorph. 4. After carrying out a discriminant analysis to validate the categories of muscular men's upper bodies, we concluded that our model had an accuracy rating of 98.1%.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.313-325
• /
• 1999

This study aimed to classify the data of children's bodies into several clusters by principal component scores that were extracted through the factor analysis in the former study, and to describe the distribution and body characteristics of the clusters. The sample was 308 elementary school children aged from 6 to 8 and the anthropometric measurements were performed indirectly from the photographs of the subjects, which was the same as the first analysis. The data were analysed statistically using SPSSWIN Ver. 8.0. Through the statistical analysis, 3 clusters were obtained from the data. The first cluster distributed more in the children aged 7 and 8 than in the children aged 6. The somatotype of this group was the tallest among the three groups, and they were the most developed group compared to the two other groups in lateral component as well as in linear component. The second cluster group wasn't well developed in lateral components, and had lowest level in Rohrer Index, so this group had thin figures compared to the other groups. The third cluster revealed dominant distribution in the group aged 6, and the group had the least developed linear components but higher level in Rohrer Index. Each cluster group revealed peculiar somatotype that was dominant in one group but rarely in other cluster groups. Lateral views of these characteristics were showed using the average of the measurements of clusters.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.963-970
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop torso pattern of underweight female in their 20s~30s by using Clo 3D virtual garment simulation system. The results were as follows; first, as a result of analyzing torso somatotype, underweight women showed lower average than average values of whole women in their twenties and thirties in the items such as length, width, circumference, thickness except for height. Second, by using 3D virtual garment simulation, new torso pattern considered underweight female was development. The basic numerical formula were as follows ; bust girth B/2+3.5, armhole depth B/4+0.5, front waist girth W/4+0.5+0.7, back waist girth W/4+0.5-0.7, front hip girth H/4+1+0.5, back hip girth H/4+1-0.5, chest width B/6+3.1, back width B/6+4.5, neck width B/12+0.2 and neck depth B/12+1.7. Third, by reducing hollowed amount of front, back, and side line, and hollowed amount of back center line, the reduced quantity was included to darts amount. Number of dart was adjusted to two pieces so that darts amount was equally distributed to two darts. Forth, according to the results of the new torso pattern's appearance evaluation, it estimated more highly than existing pattern in silhouette and ease amount, confirming that new torso pattern was appropriate for the underweight women. This study is expected to serve as one of important basic data for ensuing studies that may utilize 3D virtual garment simulation system with 2D patterns, and also for future 3D pattern production program development.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 1992

The purpose of this study was to characterize the somatotype of children and to provide fundamental data for the construction of the dress figure. The subjects for anthropometric measurements were 384 elementary school children aged from 6 to 7 living in Seoul and Pucheon. The data were analyzed statistically according to SPSS/PC ＋ version 3.1. Through the factor analysis, six factors were obtained. The six factors represented the body girth and weight, the height and sleeve length, the trunk length, the shoulder size, the body curvature, and the posture of upper torso, respectively. The subjects were classified into six clusters. Among the six clusters, four clusters covered about 95.9% of the whole subjects were determined as the sources of fundamental data for the children's dress figure.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.255-268
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for elderly women's clothing construction and to develop dress form that can reflect the characteristics of their bodies. Three hundred twenty subjects, between the ages of 60∼85, were chosen and the data were collected from 59 anthropometric measurements of each subject. Data were analyzed by factor analysis of principal component model, cluster analysis, analysis of variance and duncan test. The results are as follows : 1. A decrease in height, an enlargement of the waist and abdomen area, and a dropped bustline are characteristics of elderly women. The upper-torso droops as a ge increase 2. Seven factors were extracted from anthropometric measurements. Factor components were obesity, height, shoulder shaper, the center front bodice length, the center back bodice length, the bust and neck shape, the degree and level of scapular protusion. 3. After analyzing seven factors, four types were categorized.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.529-534
• /
• 2012

An analysis of adult women's somatotypes classified by drop values can provide important preliminary data in determining standard clothing sizes for mass production of ready-made clothes. This is because the values are based on measurements of girth, which is essential information in the size-setting process. Adult women's body types are classified according to drop values in a standard clothing size system adopted by Korea and several other countries. This study aims to identify somatotype characteristics of adult women aged 20 to 69 by using five types of drop values: bust-waist, hip-waist, hip-bust, abdomen-waist, and hip-abdomen. Statistical cluster analysis of collected data revealed four somatotypes among adult women. Type R, with a developed lower body, accounted for 36.6%, and its bodyline was found to be closest to the average adult woman. Type X, constituting 25.4%, had the curviest contours of all and relatively large hip measurements, with the thinnest figure. Flat abdomen and hips characterized type Y, which accounted for 18.9%. Lastly, 19.0% fell into type H, the most obese figure, in which abdomen girth exceeded hip measurements. Since type H has excess fat deposits in the abdomen, not only hip measurements but also abdomen girth should be considered when designing top longer than torso-length and bottoms.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.109-125
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for a more functional torso's pattern by analyzing multidimensional anthropometric measurements and the wearing condition. For the functional torso's pattern drafting, the fitness state of basic torso's patterns(4 types) was compared and evaluated from the cross-sectioned overlap maps by $moir{\acute{e}}$ topography. The results were as follows: 1. According to the measurements of four patterns by using the one-dimensional measurement, the amount of ease in girth item for pattern A was the smallest. The ease of clothes was affected by the position of dart, the amount of dart, and the drafting method. 2. As the results of wearing evaluation by $moir{\acute{e}}$ topography method, pattern B had the largest space length for hip part, pattern A, C and D had the largest space length for bust part. Also, in the all measurement items, pattern A had the smallest amount of ease. The space length for bust and waist part of pattern B was smaller than pattern D, but, for abdomen and hip part of pattern B was larger than pattern D. The space length of pattern C was revealed intermediate for all measurement part. 3. The significant difference of space length of each pattern was shown in all parts except bust part(p<.05). The amount of space was affected by the amount of dart, the characteristics of the somatotype, and the drafting method.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.43 no.10 s.212
• /
• pp.179-190
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to apply the three dimensional Replica method to the fabrication of dress forms of plus-sized women to attain proper ease through draping and based on the ease to develop good torso patterns with superior fit. The results were as follows. The physical characteristics of the dress forms of plus-sized women were divided into two: Types I and 11. The proper ease was calculated through draping using dummies of each somatotype and appropriate torso patterns were developed. The differences of the types for each pattern were as follows. The bust girth ease of Type II was 6cm as for Type I. As for the bust breadth 1.0cm was added to the anterior chest width, the armpit width was the actual measurement plus 0.5cm, and the back breadth was the posterior chest width plus 2.5cm. The bust breadth was smaller and the back breadth was bigger that those of Type I after improving the bust and back fit. The bust of Type I protrudes outwards relatively and so the shoulder dart of front-side of Type I was 1.2cm bigger than that of Type II which improved the bust region fit. Considering the characteristics of the protruding abdominal region the front- side waistline of type II was assigned W/4+3.5cm and the back-side waistline W/4cm, so that the sidelines divided the front and back properly. It was drafted so that the center-front became diagonal, thereby improving the middle-hip girth fit.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.148-153
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to manufacturing of personal dress form by replica method for draping. The objects were physical body and personal dress form of their torso somatotype. Comparing the measurements of Martin method and of sliding gauge method to examine the fitness of dress form. Dress form was found bigger than physical body. This was due to the transformation in processing that wrap a Suck-Go bandage and pack a polyurethane foam. On the basis of the result, manufacturing of personal dress form and foundation by draping, it was wearing done test on the physical body, through the procedure that investigate the possibility of usage and the manufacture of personal dress form.