• 복식문화연구
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.939-951
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• 2007

This paper is about bridegroom's wedding robe, danryung(團領, a kind of official uniform) which can be found in the scenes of wedding ceremonies such as Chohaeng(初行, a ceremony that the bridegroom goes to the bride's house for wedding) and Hoehonrye(回婚禮, a ceremony that celebrates the $60^{th}$ wedding anniversary) in the genre paintings from the $18^{th}$ century to the $19^{th}$ century. In the documents of the $18^{th}$ and the $19^{th}$ centuries containing the wedding information of that period, danryung was described in various red tones ranging from Ja(紫, purple), Gang(絳 crimson), to Yeonhong(軟紅, pale pink). Similarly, red danryung(紅團領) was seen most frequently at the Chohaeng sights of the genre paintings. On the other hand, it was often depicted that the bridegrooms put on various colored danryungs at Hoehonrye. This was because bridegrooms at Hoehonrye wore their full dress according to their official ranks. In the genre paintings of the 18th century, all bridegrooms wore simple danryungs without hungbae(胸背, official insignia panel) except those in Hoehonrye painting where officials used hungbae. On the contrary, hungbae was discovered in the $19^{th}$ century Chohaeng paintings even though it was not precisely painted. This change of the bridegroom's danryung with hungbae attached was related to that of the official uniform system itself, in which black danryung with hungbae was exclusively used for officials. Afterwards it became the basis of the blue danryung of the present day.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.903-919
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• 2016

This study aimed to contribute to the development of various female fashion designs by reviewing the genderless styles in androgynous trends that have loomed large in women's fashion, as well as through analyzing and organizing the changes in women's fashion that were required in a society in which various values coexist. A literature review was conducted to identify the genderless concepts, through which a total of 1,273 materials were selected from 10 brands of the S/S collections, during the period of 2006~2016. The results were as follows: first, without the juxtaposition of incongruous objects or images and a fixed type of color arrangements, the compromise shown in women's fashion were mostly expressed through various tones and diverse colors, and with the mixed use of heterogeneous patterns and materials. Second, the enjoyment of genderless styles was expressed with the unexpectedness that occur through symmetry/asymmetry and harmony/disharmony, as well as through the deviation from conventional notions regarding clothing structures. Third, the exaggeration expressed in women's clothing collections perfectly covered up a woman's body shape with the silhouette of exorbitantly expanded bulk and dimensions. These were done with extended lengths, expanded adornments, and modified clothing design types or structures. Fourth, the sensuality of genderless styles analyzed in women's fashion was expressed with mannish clothing that accentuates the beauty of the female body. Lastly, the historicity shown in genderless styles was expressed through clothing that represented traditional styles of the past, the symbolic meanings expressed in the clothes' colors and patterns, and the methods in which the decorative factors were utilized.

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2008

The economic life for three types of military wheeled vehicles with load capacities of 1/4, $1{\cdot}1/4$, and $2{\cdot}1/2$ tones has been evaluated on the basis of the equivalent acquisition and operating costs. The economic life of wheeled vehicles were calculated from 12 to 18 years by using the annual equivalent cost method. The equivalent cost was decided at the lowest point of the total amount of equivalent acquisition cost and operating cost. The operating cost were collected from the field data. The evaluated economic life can be very useful for deciding the total life cycle of these three types of military vehicles. The annual equivalent cost method may be also applied to other military equipments such as communication electronics, weapon systems, and other type of vehicles.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.306-315
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• 2006

Today, the uniform is perceived being important, because it transmits the unique company image through visualization of images, improves efficiency of work, and increases the feeling of belonging. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to make the winter uniform for the personnel in the manufacturing and the business departments of Korea Tobacco and Ginseng Corporation. The functional, aesthetic, and symbolic aspects were fully considered throughout the design process for the new uniform. To reflect the worker's opinions, the questionnaire method was used. The questionnaire was made up of the questions about the evaluation criteria and design preference for uniform. The result of the survey was reflected on the uniform design. The uniform consists of a jumper and a pair of pants. The jumper for manufacturing workers has two patched pockets with gussets. It has a convertible collar and a horizontal tuck on front panel. It has an open fastener on the front and a flap to cover the fastener. It has two types of pockets inside for functional reason. The welt one is for a wallet and the small one is for a pen. For the material, melanges with two tones of gray color was used, so it gave the sophisticated look on the uniform. The jumper for business workers also has a convertible collar and inside pockets. It has two slant slash pockets with welt. In addition, it has an attachable fur collar which gives thermal protection and aesthetic effect. The fabric has small check pattern and was made of wool. The pants are a basic trouser style with two pleats on the front.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1750-1759
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the color characteristics of the Japanese ethnic look advanced by Japanese and western designers in comparison with the actual traditional colors of Japan. The data determining the traditional colors of Japan was collected through a critical apparatus examination of 250 colors and the color data of what determines Japanese ethnic look was collected through an analysis of the clothing appearing in four fashion collections -Paris, Milan, London, and New York- from the 2004 S/S collections to the 2008 F/W collections. For the analysis of these colors, Photoshop was used with an RGB value measuring under 300dpi resolutions. The RGB values were then converted to H V/C values through Munsell Conversion 8.0.3, and they were analyzed using Munsell's 40 Hue and PCCS. The results of this study are as follows: Japanese designers are expressing their own aesthetic theory by designing fashions in traditionally Japanese hues. However, neutral colors and low-chroma tones appear more often than traditional colors. This study illustrates how these designers use color to reflect their inside ideals being oversensitive traditonal ideals. In contrast, western designers reflect more contemporary trends through the use of hues that more clearly reveal their preconception of the colors of the Orient rather than actual traditional Japanese colors. Moreover, these foreign designers tend to approach fashion design by the means of shape rather than color. Japanese designers systematically analyze and apply their own culture to contemporary fashion design. Their efforts serve as a good reference model for research on traditional culture and fashion design.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2004

Vocal Register Transition(Passaggio) is one of the most important vocal technique for classically trined male singers(tenor). Passaggio is that it bridges the chest register to head register without a noticeable voice break. Vocalist gest the feeling that voice is not locked a particular register. The purpose of this study was to clarify the difference between easy($B_3$) tone and non passaggio(F#_4$) & passaggio(F#_4$). We selected 6 trained singers(tenor), who had more than 12.6 years of experience and were well trained in passaggio technique. Simulataneous measurement was performed frequency(F0), mean flow rate(MFR), intensity(I), and subglottal pressure(Psub) using a phonatory function analyzer(Nagashima) and Closed Quotient(CQ), Jitter, Shimmer, NHR a Electro-glottography(EGG) of Lx. Speech Studio(Laryngogrph Lt, London, UK) and vocal efficiency was calculated by Carroll's method. For the tenor, target tone/a/was measured in three conditions : 1) easy phonation : $B_3$, 2) high tone without passaggio : F#_4$, 3) high tone with passaggio : F#_4$). The results revealed that F0 of the target tones between non-passaggio group and passaggio group were not significantly different though higher is F0, higher is subglottal pressure. And also CQ, MFR, Psub were increased in passagio than nonpssagio but these values were not statistically different. This study concluded that passaggio is the vocal technique to make the same quality of tone between chest register and head register in tenor.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.472-472
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• 1996

The material of database for speech recognition should include phonetic phenomena as much as possible. At the same time, such material should be phonetically compact with low redundancy[1, 2]. The phonetic phenomena in continuous speech is the key problem in speech recognition. This paper describes the processing of a set of sentences collected from the database of 1993 and 1994 "People's Daily"(Chinese newspaper) which consist of news, politics, economics, arts, sports etc.. In those sentences, both phonetic phenometla and sentence patterns are included. In continuous speech, phonemes always appear in the form of allophones which result in the co-articulary effects. The task of designing a speech database should be concerned with both intra-syllabic and inter-syllabic allophone structures. In our experiments, there are 404 syllables, 415 inter-syllabic diphones, 3050 merged inter-syllabic triphones and 2161 merged final-initial structures in read speech. Statistics on the database from "People's Daily" gives and evaluation to all of the possible phonetic structures. In this sentence set, we first consider the phonetic balances among syllables, inter-syllabic diphones, inter-syllabic triphones and semi-syllables with their junctures. The syllabic balances ensure the intra-syllabic phenomena such as phonemes, initial/final and consonant/vowel. the rest describes the inter-syllabic jucture. The 1560 sentences consist of 96% syllables without tones(the absent syllables are only used in spoken language), 100% inter-syllabic diphones, 67% inter-syllabic triphones(87% of which appears in Peoples' Daily). There are rougWy 17 kinds of sentence patterns which appear in our sentence set. By taking the transitions between syllables into account, the Chinese speech recognition systems have gotten significantly high recognition rates[3, 4]. The following figure shows the process of collecting sentences. [people's Daily Database] -> [segmentation of sentences] -> [segmentation of word group] -> [translate the text in to Pin Yin] -> [statistic phonetic phenomena & select useful paragraph] -> [modify the selected sentences by hand] -> [phonetic compact sentence set]

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2002

Cytochrome P45O (CYP) gene has been known to play one of the most important roles in metabolizing the exogenous materials. In insect, CYP is particularly known to detoxify toxic materials by adding oxygen molecule to the hydrophobic region of the materials. Thus, CYP-dependent metabolism is associated with the adaptation of insect to host plant chemicals. This in turn is known to be one of the driving forces for CYP diversification. In the present study, we cloned seven gene fragments of CYP 4 (CYP4) family from the midgut of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, through RT.PCT, Sequence analysis of the product showed the gene fragment to contain an open reading frame of ~150 amino acids, consisted of ~450 bp. The cloned gene fragments contained typical, conserved regions found in CYP4 family. Pairwise comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences among seven clones ranged in divergence from 0% to 52.86% and resulted in five distinct clones. The other two clones were identical or differ by one amino acid respectively to the corresponding clone, although each differed by ten nucleotides. Analysis of correlation between GenBank-registered, full length CYP4 and the cloned fragments resulted in statistically significant relationship ($r^{2}$ = 0.96085; p < 0.001), suggesting utility of the partial sequences as such full-length sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the clones with GenBank-registered insect and mammal CYP4 family sequences by parsimony and several distance methods subdivided the clones into two groups: tones belonging to CYP4S and the others to CYP4M families.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 입력으로 들어온 사람의 얼굴 영상으로부터 간략하면서도 인물의 특성이 잘 반영되도록 스타일화된 일러스트레이션 영상을 만드는 방법을 제시한다. 이를 위해 입력으로 들어온 영상으로부터 얼굴 영역 및 각 구성요소들을 인식하고, 그 결과를 효과적인 스타일화에 이용한다. 실제 스타일화는 크게 주요 부분을 간단한 톤으로 표현해주는 톤 그리기 부분과 해당 부분을 적은 선으로 효과적으로 묘사하는 선 그리기 부분으로 나뉘며, 이 두 부분에 머리카락이 나 옷 부분 등에 추가적인 효과를 더하여 이루어진다. 이러한 스타일화 과정은 일반적으로 사람이 그린 그림과 같이 극도의 추상화과정을 거쳐 보다 적은 표현으로 대상의 특징을 잘 살려주는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 여백을 살리는 간단한 표현으로도 대상을 효과적으로 묘사하는 동양화 기법을 응용한다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2013

Here, we report preparation of cyan ceramic nano-pigment for inkjet printing and the Ni substitutional effects on the cyan color. $MgAl_2O_4$ was selected as the crystalline host network for the synthesis of nickel-based cyan ceramic nano-pigments. Various compositions of $Ni_xMg_{1-x}Al_2O_4$ ($0{\leq}x{\leq}1$) powders were prepared using the polymerized complex method. The powder was then preheated at $400^{\circ}C$ for 5 h and finally calcined at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 5 h. XRD patterns of $Ni_xMg_{1-x}Al_2O_4$ showed a single phase of the spinel structure in all the compositions. The particle sizes ranged from 20 to 50 nm in TEM observations. The characteristics of the color tones of $Ni_xMg_{1-x}Al_2O_4$ were analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy and CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ measurement. CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ measurement results indicate that the pigment color changes from light cyan to deep cyan due to the decrease of the $a^*$ and $b^*$ values with an increase of an Ni substitutional amount. In addition, the thermal stability and the binding nature of $Ni_xMg_{1-x}Al_2O_4$ are also discussed using TG-DSC and FT-IR results respectively.