• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.37 no.12
• /
• pp.1068-1075
• /
• 1993

Catalase activities were assayed on the leaves and roots of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) as a function of age for 1 year after germination. The enzyme activities of root tissue demonstrated to be insignificant through all stages of development. On the other hand, the catalase activities of leaf peroxisomal fractions showed remarkable changes with peak value of 76 ${\mu}mol$/ml/min at germination stage within 2 weeks growth, 7.2 ${\mu}mol$/ml/min at adult stage around 4∼5 months growth and very small activities at aged period around 11∼12 months growth. It is suggested that there may be two factors concerning such catalase activities in relation with age, firstly the glyoxisomal reactions including glyoxylate cycle and $\beta$-oxidation at germination stage and secondly photosynthesis hereafter seemed to affect age dependent changes of catalase activity by producing coincident amount of $H_2O_2$. In addition, NADPH coenzyme was found to have ability to restore catalytic acitivity of inactivated catalase (compound II) at all stages of development except old age, indicating NADPH would play a role as catalase protector against deleterious substrate,$H_2O_2$.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.206-213
• /
• 1995

Glyphosate(N-[phosphonomethyl]glycine) applied to the assimilate-exporting leaves(i.e. third old leaf) of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mil var. Moneymaker). Herbicide binding protein, QB protein(D1), has been immunoblotted using the antibodies raised against the hybrid-protein expressed by a part of spinach psb A gene cloned in frame with the 3'end of lac Z gene to allow expression of the ${\beta}$-galactosidase(EC 3.21.23) in Escherichia coli. Glyphosate has an effect on a turnover of D1 within photosystem II of thylakoid membrane. The dysfunction of D1 protein within light harvesting complex(LHC-II) seems to be a pleiotropic effect of glyphosate.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.361-367
• /
• 2017

Production cost as well as environmental contamination can be reduced by reuse of drained nutrient solution in hydroponic. This research was conducted to obtain the information in changes in inorganic elements concentration of supplied and drained nutrient solution as well as of plant leaves. To achieve the objective, the samples of supplied and drained solution and cherry tomato leaf tissues were periodically collected and analyzed during the hydroponic cultivation. The electrical conductivity (EC) of supplied and drained nutrient solution in early growth stage of cherry tomato were measured as around $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, but those values move up with the passage of time reaching to $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ at flowering stage of 9th fruiting node. The pHs of drained solution in early growth stage were 6.4 to 6.7, however those showed a tendency to get lowered to 5.9 to 6.1 as time passed during the crop cultivation. The concentration differences of $NO_3-N$, P, K, Ca, and Mg between supplied and drained solution were not distinctive until flowering stages of 4th fruiting nodes, while those in drained solution moved up after the stage. The tissue N contents of leaves decrease gradually and those of K and Ca increased as crops grew. However, Tissue P and Mg contents were maintained similarly from transplant to end-crop. The above results would be used in correction of drained nutrient solution when element compositions are varied compared to supplied solution in hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 1988

Studies were carried out to examine the effects of simulated acid rain on the various crops of rice, peper, tomato, pumpkin, egg plant, potato, soybean, radish, cucumber, common pea, sweet potato, corn, lettuce, chinse cabbage, spinach, under the condition of the rains of pH 3.0. The rain was adjusted to pH 4.0, 3.0, 2.0 with sulfuric acid, and soybeans were exposed with the various pH levels, eighteen times every other days. The symptoms of damage, ratios of destroyed leaf and sulphur content by leaves were investigated. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The exposure to the rain resulted in the reddish brown or white pigment spots in the leaves surface and the colour was developed red and darker along the edge of spots. 2. Most crops were affected with acid rain of pH 3.0 at which the amount of chlorophyl was decreased. 3. The spinach, chinese cabbage, lettuce were sensitive to the acid rain, however, the peper, tomato pumpkin were resistance to it. 4. The content of chlorophyl was decreased with increasing leave injury. 5. The sulphur content in leave was increased with increasing acidity of the rain, however the yield was decreased.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2007

The incidence of virus disease on peppers was investigated at the 52 areas in the whole country in 2002, 2004 to 2006. Among the six viruses, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), infecting peppers in Korea, the incidence of CMV, PepMoV, PMMoV and BBWV2 was 29.4%, 13.6%, 14.3%, 25.6%, orderly. TMGMV and TSWV had the same low infection rate of 1.0%. The infection rate of CMV was higher as 53.3% and 34.2% in 2002 and 2004, but it was decreased to 18.2% and 11.9% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. The infection rate of BBWV2 was lower as 1.3% in 2002 and 1.8% in 2004, but it was increased abruptly to 41.3% in 2005 and 58.2% in 2006. For the types of mixed infections of pepper viruses, the incidence of CMV+PepMoV was 62.6% in 2002 and 50.0% in 2004, and that of CMV+BBWV2 was increased suddenly from 33.3% in 2005 to 83.2% in 2006. The triplex infection of CMV+BBWV2+PepMoV was 6.4% in average. CMV caused severe mosaic and BBWV2 induced ring spots, and the two mixed virions caused chlorosis on the leaves of red peppers. TSWV induced the typical symptoms of multiple ring spots on the leaves and fruits of red peppers.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.685-695
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to develop an excellent salad dressing using grape seed oil, which contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids. First, a vinaigrette was made with grape seed oil and vinegar and divided into five portions. Then, five types of mirepoix au maigre ($M_1,M_2,M_3,M_4,M_5$) were made with apple, onion, carrot, garlic, tomato puree, and tomato ketchup by mixing in a main material vessel. The samples were then allowed to ripen for three days. The control group $M_1$ was named $GD_1$, and the experimental groups $M_2,\;M_3,\;M_4,\;and\;M_5$ were named $GD_2,\;GD_3,\;GD_4,\;and\;GD_5$. respectively. To measure receptiveness, a sensory test was conducted using a 7 point category scale. The test concentrated on flavor, taste, color, agreeability, aftertaste, and overall acceptability: the panel consisted of 15 subjects According to the results, $GD_4$ had the best flavor, color and agreeability. The samples with the most preferred taste and aftertaste were $GD_4\;and\;GD_5$. Between $GD_4\;and\;GD_5$, there were no noticeable differences in taste, aftertaste, or overall acceptability, but differences in color and agreeability did exist. Thus, $GD_4$ proved to be the most favorable product. To determine the best complementing vegetables for $GD_4$ yam($VE_1$), broccoli sprouts($VE_2$), mustard leaves($VE_3$), beet leaves($VE_4$), cucumber($VE_5$), and lettuce(VE6) were selected as samples, and a sensory test was conducted. Each vegetable has its own peculiarities. According to the results, $VE_2$ had the nicest vegetable fragrance recording the highest mean value. The vegetable with the most preferred taste, aftertaste, and agreeability were $VE_2\;and\;VE_6$. $VE_1\;and\;VE_6$ had the nicest color and contained the brightest color as well. The highest overall acceptability was awarded to $VE_2\;and\;VE_6$ and there was no remarkable difference between thorn at a level of 0.05. In conclusion, $VE_2\;and\;VE_6$ were the best complementing vegetables with grape seed oil dressing. However, to commercialize such a dressing, many follow-up studies must be conducted.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.301-307
• /
• 2015

High quality transplants are critical for success in crop production. Increasing numbers of growers purchase their transplants from specialized transplant producers instead of growing their own transplants. A drawback of purchasing transplants is the risk of deterioration to transplants during transportation from transplant producers to the growers. This study evaluates the influence of temperature on the quality of grafted tomatoes transplants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Super Doterang), in order to propose optimum temperature condition for the transportation of grafted tomato transplants. Grafted tomato transplants with visible flower trusses were exposed to different air temperature ($10^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, or $40^{\circ}C$) for 2, 4, or 6 hours. After treatment, the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values of tomato transplants treated at 25 and $40^{\circ}C$ were lower than that at $10^{\circ}C$. The root fresh weight was lowest at $40^{\circ}C$. After transplanting, the transplants that were exposed to the air temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ exhibited chlorosis and blight on lower leaves. The degree of damage on leaves was severer as the high temperature exposure time was longer. The temperature conditions during the transportation also influenced the growth, flowering and fruit set of tomatoes after transplanting. The fruit number and weight of first truss was lowest at $40^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours. Accordingly, it is recommended that the temperature during the transportation should be controlled and kept at the range from 10 to $25^{\circ}C$ even though the period is short (within as six hours) in order to maintain the quality of transplants.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 2002

Enhanced supply of $Ca^{2＋}$ as well as NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ is known to restrict the uptake of the Na$^{＋}$ and Cl$^{[-10]}$ ion and ameliorate growth under saline conditions. This test was conducted to investigate the ameliorating effects of Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$ or CaCl$_2$ on the growth and yield of NaCl-stressed tomato plants grown in plastic pot filled with soil. All treatments except for the control were supplied with 80 mM NaCl fur two weeks after transporting. The saline solutions with nutrient were supplemented with either 0, 10 or 20 mM Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$ and either 0, 10 or 20 mM CaCl$_2$ during harvesting time from two weeks after transporting. Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$ or CaCl$_2$ application enhanced the growth such as plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, fruit number, and fruit weight, and yield of NaCl-stressed tomato, and also their effects increased greater as concentration of supplemented Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$ or CaCl$_2$increased. Yield increased in 20 mM Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$ compared with the others except fur the control. Photosynthetic rate in Ca treatments was lower than that of the control, but higher than that of NaCl treatment. Leaf chlorophyll content was higher in Ca treatments compared with the others, especially in younger leaf, while that was not affected by concentration of supplemented Ca. Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$ or CaCl$_2$ supply increased the $K^{＋}$ and $C^{2＋}$ concentration of tomato plants, whereas the Na$^{＋}$ transport to the leaves was inhibited. There was a strong increase in the $K^{＋}$/Na$^{＋}$ ratio in plants treated Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$, or CaCl$_2$. Cl$^{[-10]}$ content of plants was decreased by supplemental Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$ but Cl$^{[-10]}$ was increased in plants with CaCl$_2$compared with Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$. N concentration in plants of tomato increased with enhanced Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$ or CaCl$_2$supply, In conclusion, our study confirms the potential of Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$ or CaCl$_2$to alleviate NaCl-induced growth reductions in tomato.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.203-211
• /
• 2005

The experiment was conducted to investigate the nutrition absorption pattern in the growth stages and develope the optimal nutrient solution hydroponically grown the tomato in closed substrate culture system with the nutrient solution of National Horticultural Research Station in Japan into 1/2S, 1 S, and 2S. When plant was grown in 1/2 S, the growth and yield were high and the pH and EC in the rooting zone were stable. Suitable composition of nutrient solution for tomato was $NO_3-N$ 7.1, $PO_{4}$-P 2.1, K 4.0, Ca 3.1, Mg 1.2, and $SO_{4}-S\;1.2\;me{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in the early growth stage and $NO_3-N$ 6.5, $PO_4-P$ 2.3, K 3.4, Ca 3.1, Mg 1.1, and $SO_4-S\;1.1\;me{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in the late growth stage by calculating a rate of nutrient and water uptake. To estimate the suitability for the nutrient solution of tomato in a development of optimum nutrient solution of tomato developed by Wonkwang university in korea (WU), plant was grown in perlite substrate supplied with different solution and strengths(S) by research station for greenhouse vegetable and floricultuin in the Netherlands (Proefstation voor tuinbouw onder glas te Naaldwijk; PTG) of 1/2 S, 1 S and 2 S, respectively, The growth was good at the PTG and WU of 2 S in early growth stage, and at the WU 2S in late growth stage. The highest yield of tomato obtained in the WU of 2 S, although blossom-end rot was appeared in all treatments. pH and EC in root zone of WU of 2 S were stable during the early and late growth stage. Therefore when plant was grown in WU of 2 S, N and P content in the nutrient solution need to low, according N and P content of their leaves were high in WU of 2 S.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.23 no.3 s.74
• /
• pp.246-256
• /
• 1995

Phenotypic characteristics, pathogenicity and fungicides resistance of fifty one isolates of Botrytis cinerea obtained from various host plants were observed and determined. The relationships between these characteristics were also investigated on the basis of isolation host plants. The isolates of B. cinerea varied in the capacity of sclerotia formation and sporulation. The pathogenicity of 44 isolates from tomato, cucumber, and strawberry was significantly stronger with 3.2 cm in average diameter of necrotic lesions on cucumber leaves than that of seven isolates from other host plants such as orange, gerbera, ginseng, kiwi, grape, pear and from butter with 1.8 cm in average diameter of necrotic lesions. Benomyl resistance of 12 isolates from tomato plants was much higher with the $EC_{50}$, 562 ppm than that of 19 isolates from various host plants. Diethofencarb resistance, however, of 11 isolates from strawberry plants was highest with the $EC_{50}$, 210 ppm among isolates from other host plants. Polygalacturonase activity varied among isolates in the range of 0 to 103 unit and that of isolates from tomato, cucumber and strawberry was slightly lower than that of isolates from other host plants. No significant relationship between pathogenicity and fungicides resistance, polygalacturonase activity was found among 51 isolates of B. cinerea. Isozyme patterns of polygalacturonase produced from two strongly and weakly pathogenic isolates (FC122, KC6) were slightly different depending upon carbon sources during cultivation.