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The Growth of Tomato Transplants Influenced by the Air Temperature during Transportation

운송시 온도 조건에 따른 토마토묘의 정식 후 생육

  • Jang, Yoonah (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Mun, Boheum (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Jeong, Sun Jin (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Jang-Jeon (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Park, Dong Kum (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA)
  • 장윤아 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원) ;
  • 문보흠 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원) ;
  • 정순진 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원) ;
  • 최장전 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원) ;
  • 박동금 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원)
  • Received : 2015.09.17
  • Accepted : 2015.11.27
  • Published : 2015.12.31

Abstract

High quality transplants are critical for success in crop production. Increasing numbers of growers purchase their transplants from specialized transplant producers instead of growing their own transplants. A drawback of purchasing transplants is the risk of deterioration to transplants during transportation from transplant producers to the growers. This study evaluates the influence of temperature on the quality of grafted tomatoes transplants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Super Doterang), in order to propose optimum temperature condition for the transportation of grafted tomato transplants. Grafted tomato transplants with visible flower trusses were exposed to different air temperature ($10^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, or $40^{\circ}C$) for 2, 4, or 6 hours. After treatment, the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values of tomato transplants treated at 25 and $40^{\circ}C$ were lower than that at $10^{\circ}C$. The root fresh weight was lowest at $40^{\circ}C$. After transplanting, the transplants that were exposed to the air temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ exhibited chlorosis and blight on lower leaves. The degree of damage on leaves was severer as the high temperature exposure time was longer. The temperature conditions during the transportation also influenced the growth, flowering and fruit set of tomatoes after transplanting. The fruit number and weight of first truss was lowest at $40^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours. Accordingly, it is recommended that the temperature during the transportation should be controlled and kept at the range from 10 to $25^{\circ}C$ even though the period is short (within as six hours) in order to maintain the quality of transplants.

좋은 품질의 묘를 이용하는 것은 성공적인 작물 재배 및 생산을 위해 필수적이다. 그러나 구입묘 이용시에는 육묘장에서 재배농가로 운송하는 과정에서 묘의 품질이 저하될 우려가 있다. 본 연구는 토마토묘의 운송시 온도조건이 정식 후 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 수행되었다. 본엽이 9-10매 정도 전개하고 1화방의 1번화가 피기 직전 또는 핀 토마토 접목묘를 이용하여, 온도 조건을 각각 10, 25, $40^{\circ}C$, 처리시간을 2, 4, 6시간으로 조합 처리하였다. 처리 종료 후 $10^{\circ}C$ 처리구에 비해 25, $40^{\circ}C$ 처리구에서 더 낮은 NDVI 값을 나타냈으며, $40^{\circ}C$ 처리구의 지하부 생체중이 가장 낮았다. $40^{\circ}C$ 처리구 토마토묘는 정식 5-7일 후 아래잎에서 황화 및 잎마름 증상이 발생하였다. 1화방 착화절위는 처리간에 차이가 없었으나, 착과수는 $40^{\circ}C$/6시간 처리구에서 감소하여 착과수가 2개였다. $40^{\circ}C$/6시간 처리구의 경우 1화방 수량도 감소하여 대조구의 40% 정도였다. 따라서 묘의 운송시에는 온도조건이 지나친 고온 또는 저온이 되지 않도록, 단순 상온유통이 아닌 온도조절 장치구비를 통한 온도조절이 요구된다. 6시간 이내의 단거리 운송의 경우 $10-25^{\circ}C$ 범위로 온도를 관리해줌으로써, 정식 후 장애 발생 없이 안정적인 착과 및 수량확보가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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