• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.88-94
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• 2005

Plant tissue culture studies have been done for the preservation of medicinal plant resources and efficient production of pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites. Micropropagation methods for Cephaelis ipecacuanha have been established and these methods enabled much more efficient propagation of the plants than the conventional methods using seedling or layering. The C. ipecacuanha plants derived from tissue culture grew uniformly in the field and they showed higher alkaloid contents compared to the plants grown from seedlings. Hairy root cultures of C. ipecacuanha and Panax ginseng have been established by infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, and the production of important pharmaceuticals by these cultures have been successfully demonstrated. In the case of C. ipecacuanha, the highest alkaloid yields from the hairy roots cultured for 8 weeks were 2.75-fold cephaeline (5.5 mg) and one third emetine (0.7 mg) compared with those from the roots of one-year old plant propagated through shoot-tip culture and cultivated in a greenhouse (2.0 mg cephaeline and 2.0 mg emetine). In the case of P. ginseng, ginsenoside contents in the hairy roots optimally cultured for 4 weeks were much higher than those in the roots of 4-year old field-grown plant. Thus our medicinal plant tissue cultures demonstrate desirable properties. However, they are always exposed to danger of microbial contamination or unexpected trouble of culture facilities. Cryopreservation of plant tissue cultures is a reliable method for long-term preservation. Cryopreservation studies on these cultures are also presented.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.395-399
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• 2000

The phytoremediation of trinitrotoluene, nitroglycerine, pentaerytritoltetranitrate in plant tissue cultures of Solanum aviculare, Rheum palmatum and Populus simonii were studied. All above mentioned explosives were degradated to to less toxic products and finally mineralized or bound to the cell wall.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1993.07a
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• pp.1-36
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• 1993

It is possible to regenerate plants from calli, single cells and protoplasts of numerous species via organogenasis or embryogenesis in cell and tissue culture systems. Also such regeneration of plants can directly occur from cells of explants. However certain plant species has not been yet provided cultures suitable for plant regeneration from cells or tissues. For example, we have to confirm the regenerability of plant from cells before preparing transformed cells for application. Even more, it is very important to notice that regenerated plants in cell and tissue cultures often show structural abnormality. The mojority of those plants is functionally disordered and eventually cases degenerated. One of such examples is vitreous plants which are manifested mainly in the leaves and manifesteds to a lesser extent in the stems and roots. Regenerants in suspension cultures show more frequent vitrification than on gelled media so that relative humidity and water potential are the key factors involved in abnormal morphogenesis in vitro. The other is that somatic embryos formed in media containing BAP or high concentration of sucrose show frequently cotyledon aberrancy such as polycotyledon and born type cotyledon. The embryos with aberrant cotyledon of Codonopsis lanceolata could not germinate or regenerate into plants in many cases. In contrast, the polycotyledon embryos of Aralia cordata germinated in higher percentage than two cotyledonary embryos, but horn type cotyledonary embryos rarely germinated. The major cause of poor germination is the abnormal development of plumule apex meristem.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.142-147
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of mild hypoxia in the mature and immature brain. Methods: We prepared organotypic slice cultures of the hippocampus and used hippocampal tissue cultures at 7 and 14 days in vitro (DIV) to represent the immature and mature brain, respectively. Tissue cultures were exposed to 10% oxygen for 60 minutes. Twenty-four hours after this hypoxic insult, propidium iodide fluorescence images were obtained, and the damaged areas in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) were measured using image analysis. Results: In the 7-DIV group compared to control tissue, hypoxia-exposed tissue showed decreased damage in two regions (CA1: $5.59%{\pm}2.99%$ vs. $4.80%{\pm}1.37%$, P=0.900; DG: $33.88%{\pm}12.53%$ vs. $15.98%{\pm}2.37%$, P=0.166), but this decrease was not statistically significant. In the 14-DIV group, hypoxia-exposed tissue showed decreased damage compared to control tissues; this decrease was not significant in the CA3 ($24.51%{\pm}6.05%$ vs. $18.31%{\pm}3.28%$, P=0.373) or DG ($15.72%{\pm}3.47%$ vs. $9.91%{\pm}2.11%$, P=0.134), but was significant in the CA1 ($50.91%{\pm}5.90%$ vs. $32.30%{\pm}3.34%$, P=0.004). Conclusion: Although only CA1 tissues cultured for 14 DIV showed significantly less damage after exposure to hypoxia, the other tissues examined in this study showed a tendency towards less damage after hypoxic exposure. Therefore, mild hypoxia might play a protective role in the brain.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 1991

In order to investigate the changes and characteristics of biochemical metabolic substances of soybean tissue culture during the cultural period, immature cotyledons were detached form the plant on 15th days after flowering and cultured in vitro for 3 weeks. The cultures were classified into embryogenic(EC) and non-embryogenic callus(NEC). A part of the EC lines were subcultured for another 3 weeks and classified into root forming(RFC), and shoot forming cultures(SFC). Another part of the EC lines were used for isolation of protoplasts, which were subsequently cultured in vitro for 4 weeks. The cultures were classified into embryogenic(PEC) and non-embryogenic callus(PNEC) derived from the protoplasts. The cultures of EC and PEC lines showed higher phenylalanine content and lower methionine content than those of NEC and PNEC. At organ differentiation stage, both cultures showed the content of aspartic acid decreased, while the other amino acids increased as a whole. The protein pattern analysis of the cultures revealed that EC and NEC lines contained distinctive polypeptides, with mass of ca. 18KD for EC and ca. 22KD for NEC respectively. The EC and PEC lines also showed high activity of peroxidase isozyme A(piA), while the RFC and SFC lines showed that of peroxidase isozyme B(piB).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.453-456
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• 2001

Background: Autogenous alveolar bone cell transplantation may be suitable for tissue engineering for alveolar bone reconstruction. This study aimed to isolate human alveolar bone-derived cells (HABDCs) and to evaluate the ability of collagen gels to support HABDC proliferation and differentiation for human alveolar bone tissue engineering applications. Method: Cultures of primary HABDCs were established from alveolar bone chips obtained from 10 persons undergoing tooth extraction. These cells were expanded in vitro until passage 3 and used for the in vitro characterization of HABDCs and the in vitro analysis of collagen gels for alveolar bone tissue engineering. Results: Of the 10 attempts made to obtain HABDC cultures, eight were successful. HABDCs expressed the osteoblastic phenotype characterized by alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin expression and the mineralization of the extracellular matrix in vitro. When seeded on collagen gels, HABDCs penetrated into the collagen gel matrices and proliferated inside the gels. Significantly, when HABDCs were embedded into the gels, collagen fibers and mineralization were produced within the gels. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of using cultured HABDCs and collagen gels for human alveolar bone tissue engineering applications.

• ALGAE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2013

The descriptions of galls, or tumors, in red algae have been sparse. K$\ddot{u}$tzing (1865) observed possible galls of Bostrychia but only presented a drawing. Intensive culture observations of hundreds of specimens of the genus Bostrychia over many years have revealed that galls appeared in only a small subset of our unialgal cultures of B. kelanensis, Bostrychia moritziana/radicans, B. radicosa, B. simpliciuscula, and B. tenella and continued to be produced intermittently or continuously over many years in some cultures but were never seen in field specimens. Galls appeared as unorganized tissue found primarily on males and bisexuals, but occasionally on females and tetrasporophytes. The gall cells usually were less pigmented than neighboring tissue, but contained cells with fluorescent plastids and nuclei. The galls were not transferable to other potential hosts. Galls could be produced from gall-free tissue of cultures that originally had galls even after transfer to new culture dishes. Electon microscopy of galls on one isolate (3895) showed that virus-like particles are observed in some gall cells. It is possible that a virus is the causative agent of these galls.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

Thorough screening of donors medical and social history, extensive serological and bacterial screening combined with developed processing and sterilization methods have improved the safety of the allogeneic tissues in recent decades. The risk of bacterial infection through allogenic tissue transplantation is one of the major problems facing tissue banks. The purpose study is to report the contamination rate in 358 retrieved tissues obtained strictly aseptic conditions, between 2001 and 2002 in Korea Tissue Bank. Samples from 9 donors(total 13 donors) were used in blood culture, and in 7 donors the blood culture were negative. Of the 358 tissues cultured in their entirety, 186(52%) were initially culture negative and 177(48%) were positive. Organism low pathogenicity were cultures from 20.2% of the tissues. To minimize the bacterial load, donors should be obtain in operating rooms, using aseptic techniques with only a few personnel for procurement. The procurement cultures from donors and retrieved tissues with multiple should be carefully interpreted. Blood cultures should be taken account, since these can help to find contamination not detect swab culture. A prospective cohort study is needed to determine which of the varied processing and sterilization methodologies gives the best quality.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.233-237
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• 2019

Three Diels-Alder type adducts, guangsangon E (1), chalcomoracin (2) and sorocein I (3) were isolated from hairy root cultures of Morus macroura. The structures of the isolated compounds (1-3) were determined by spectroscopic method (NMR and MS), and spectral comparison to literature. Cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds (1 - 3) were investigated against P-388 murine leukemia cell line. Guangsangon E (1) showed the most potent cytotoxicity against P-388 murine leukemia cell line with $IC_{50}$ value of $2.75{\pm}0.32{\mu}g/mL$. To the best of our knowledge, guangsangon E (1) and sorocein I (3) were reported for the first time from the tissue cultures of M. macroura.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.171-175
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• 1994

The effects of medium, hormones, and PFP on the proliferation of red callus in leaf tissue cultures of Garden orach(Atriplex hortensis L.) was investigated. As a result,88% of leaf tissues formed eallus on MS nledium containing 2mg/$\ell$ 2,4-D. Fresh weight of callus was higher on MS medium than on Bsand NN media. It was also found that 2, 4-D was more effective than Dicamba and Picloram. The op-timum concentrations of hormones for callus proliferation depended on culture media. Isolated red cal-lus grew markedly both on MS medium supplemented with 1-2mg/$\ell$ 2, 4-D and Bs medium contain-ing 2-4111g/$\ell$ 2,4D. Callus proliferated on B5 and NN media containing Dicabma Img/$\ell$ as well as onthe same media containing 2mg/$\ell$ Picioram. The addition of PFP concentrations of 2, 5, and 40mg/ $\ell$rcspectiely to culture medium caused increase of callus fresh weight, especially under light condition.