• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.117-124
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• 2011

Tire's performance plays important roles in improving vehicle's performances. Tire makers carry out a lot of research to improve tire's performance. They are making effort to meet multi purposes using various optimization methods. Recently, the tire makers perform the shape optimization using approximation models, which are surrogate models obtained by statistical method. Generally, the reason why we increase sampling points during optimization process, is to get more reliable approximation models, but the more we adopt sampling points, the more we need time to test. So it is important to select approximation model and proper number of sampling points to balance between reliability and time consuming. In this research, we studied to compare two kind cases for a approximation construction. First, we compare RSM and Kriging which are Curve Fitting Method and Interpolation Method, respectively. Second, we construct approximation models using three different number of sampling points. And then, we recommend proper approximation model and orthogonal array adopt tire's design optimization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 2022

When a vehicle is driven off a road surface, the deformations of the road surface and tire are combined. Consequently, the dynamic behavior of wheel movement becomes difficult to predict and control. Herein, we propose a tire test bed to capture the dynamic behavior of tires moving on sand and soil. Based on this study, it is discovered that the slip rate can be controlled, and the vertical force can be measured using a load cell. The test results show that this test bed can be useful for capturing the dynamic behavior of the tire and validating dynamic simulations. In fact, the tire test bed developed in this study can be used to verify the results of computer simulations. In addition, it can be used for basic experiments pertaining to the speed control of unmanned autonomous vehicles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.102-108
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• 2000

Due to the rapid increase of long-distance transportation, particular attentions have been paid to truck tires, especially to their dynamic characteristics. In this research, experimental modal analysis on two kinds of light-truck tires, i.e., radial tire and bias tire, are performed by using GRFP(global rational fraction polynomial) method to investigate differences of the dynamic behavior of the two tires. The test results have shown that the modal frequencies of bias tire are much higher than their corresponding values of radial tire with a similar mode shape, which is in accordance with the fact that the radial rigidity of bias tire is higher than that of radial tire. And most of the modal decay rates of bias tire are larger than those of radial tire within the scope of this experiment. In the frequency domain range of test, the bias tire has extra modes, which do not occur in the radial tire. This difference is based on the fact that the circumferential rigidity of the bias tire is quite low whereas that of radial tire is so high that the frequencies of the corresponding modes are out of the frequency range of test.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.19 no.6 s.67
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• pp.86-91
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• 2005

Regarding some of tire important works in tire shipyard, like tire production process, quality control, and material handling, there are many elements that disturb tire work-flaw. For example, there are mistakes in manufacturing, delay of production, and poor quality. These kinds of disturbances are from tire delay of communication time between tire production field and tire management. Therefore, it would be possible to strengthen tire competitiveness of shipbuilding industries by applying tire information technology based on Wireless Local Area Network (Wireless LAN), in order to establish tire multi-possession of real time production information in limited large shipbuilding yard. In this study, tire construction concept of tire information system, based on Wireless LAN, is proposed to build communication infrastructures in shipyards. The various information regarding shipbuilding inspection, process management, and material flaw are analyzed and constructed to databases in tire middle ware system, as tire platform for using Personal Display Agent (PDA). At last, tire middle ware system, which delivers tire information, is developed by tire C$\sharp$ and Microsoft.net; also, tire PDA application system is structured in WinCE O/S, and is tested and evaluated under tire server linked condition.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tire manufacturing work environments extensively and to identify workers' exposure to hazardous substances in various work processes. Methods: Personal air sampling was conducted to measure polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon disulfide, 1,3-butadiene, styrene, methyl isobutyl ketone, methylcyclohexane, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide, and rubber fume in tire manufacturing plants using the National Institute for Occupational Safety Health Manual of Analytical Methods. Noise, carbon monoxide, and heat stress exposure were evaluated using direct reading instruments. Past concentrations of rubber fume were assessed using regression analysis of total particulate data from 2003 to 2007, after identifying the correlation between the concentration of total particulate and rubber fume. Results: Workers were exposed to rubber fume that exceeded 0.6 mg/$m^3$, the maximum exposure limit of the UK, in curing and production management processes. Forty-seven percent of workers were exposed to noise levels exceeding 85 dBA. Workers in the production management process were exposed to $28.1^{\circ}C$ (wet bulb globe temperature value, WBGT value) even when the outdoor atmosphere was $2.7^{\circ}C$ (WBGT value). Exposures to other substances were below the limit of detection or under a tenth of the threshold limit values given by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Conclusion: To better classify exposure groups and to improve work environments, examining closely at rubber fume components and temperature as risk indicators in tire manufacturing is recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.110-116
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• 2011

Water on a road surface can lower the coefficient of friction of vehicle tires and it involves lots of risks. One way to prevent water from staying is to cut many "rain grooves" into the edges of the pavement parallel. Such grooves, however, can exert unwanted side forces, particularly on passenger tires, which cause "Groove Wander" making the drivers uncomfortable. The "Groove Wander" is somewhat related to vehicle geometry, but is more strongly related to interaction between road grooves and tire tread's longitudinal grooves. This thesis tries to examine principles to estimate "Groove Wandering" effect focusing on the design of longitudinal groove. Additionally, it studied how to reduce pipe resonance longitudinal grooves form in the contact patch.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2013

This paper proposed the scheduling method for tire mixing processes using the genetic algorithm. The characteristics of tire mixing process have the manufacturing routing, operation machine and operation time by compound types. Therefore, the production scheduling has to consider characteristics of the tire mixing process. For the reflection of the characteristics, we reviewed tire mixing processes. Also, this paper introduces the genetic algorithm using the crossover and elitist preserving selection strategy. Fitness is measured by the makespan. The proposed genetic algorithm has been implemented and tested with two examples. Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm is superior to conventional heuristic algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.404-409
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• 2002

Pneumatic tires usually contain a variety of rubber compositions, each designed to contribute some particular factor to overall performance. Rubber compounds designed for a specific function will usually be similar but not identical In composition and properties. Since 1970`s finite element analysis of tire has been performed extensively, which requires some energy density functions of rubber components of a tire. The conventional Mooney-Rivlin material model is one of the description that is commonly used in the analysis of tire. In this paper, we report the two material constants of gooney-Rivlin material model for some rubber compounds of a real pneumatic tire, which are obtained through uniaxial tension test.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.91-96
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• 2008

As a remarkable reduction of the vehicle noise, the important of tire noise which is generated from the vehicle and the necessity of the research for the noise reduction is being emphasized. In this study, the road noise which is excited by the interaction between tire and road has been studied. The subjective test(feeling test) according to SAE J1060 rating scale is applied to the evaluation of the road noise. The combination of the several tires and vehicles are made to consider the effect of the vehicle suspension and the tire structure for road noise. The vehicles with 3-different suspension system are applied to road noise test and the eight kinds of tires are selected. As the results, the effects of the vehicle suspension and tire structure which affects on road noise are investigated.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.211-220
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• 2022

Recently, research on smart factories triggered by the 4th industrial revolution is being actively conducted. Accordingly, the manufacturing industry is conducting various studies to improve productivity and quality based on deep learning technology with robust performance. This paper is a study on the method of detecting tire surface defects in the visual inspection stage of the tire manufacturing process, and introduces a tire surface defect detection method using a depth image acquired through a 3D camera. The tire surface depth image dealt with in this study has the problem of low contrast caused by the shallow depth of the tire surface and the difference in the reference depth value due to the data acquisition environment. And due to the nature of the manufacturing industry, algorithms with performance that can be processed in real time along with detection performance is required. Therefore, in this paper, we studied a method to normalize the depth image through relatively simple methods so that the tire surface defect detection algorithm does not consist of a complex algorithm pipeline. and conducted a comparative experiment between the general normalization method and the normalization method suggested in this paper using YOLO V3, which could satisfy both detection performance and speed. As a result of the experiment, it is confirmed that the normalization method proposed in this paper improved performance by about 7% based on mAP 0.5, and the method proposed in this paper is effective.