• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.421-427
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated the effect of nutrient supply periods on the fruit growth and quality of 'Duke' blueberry. The nutrient solution was contained with NO₃-N 4.6, NH₄-N 3.4, PO₄-P 3.3, K 3.0, Ca 4.6, and Mg 2.2 mmol·L^-1, and EC in the nutrient solution was 1.5 ds.m^-1. In 2017 and 2018, an individual blueberry bush was supplied with 8 L of the nutrient solution per week. In 2018, the drainage water quality of growing medium and fruit quality was investigated. The nutrient supply was started from April 01, and stopped at 15 days intervals as follows, 15 days before final harvest, at the final harvest date (June 30), 15 days after final harvest (DAFH), 30 DAFH, 45 DAFH, and 60 DAFH. The content of inorganic components in the growing medium was not significantly different by the stop time of nutrient supply, but the content of phosphorus (P₂O₅) tended to increase with the delay of stop time of nutrient supply. There were no significant differences in the fruit quality characteristics in terms of size, sugar content, and acidity among the different stop time of nutrient supply. The blueberry yield was tended to decrease with the delay of periods of nutrient supply, while the lowest yield of 1.8 kg was recorded when nutrient supply stopped at 45 and 60 DAFH.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.172-178
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a sub-10 nm Ge/GaAs heterojunction-based tunneling field-effect transistor (TFET) with vertical band-to-band tunneling (BBT) operation for ultra-low-power (LP) applications. We design a stack structure that is based on the Ge/GaAs heterojunction to realize the vertical BBT operation. The use of vertical BBT operations in devices results in excellent subthreshold characteristics with a reduction in the drain-induced barrier thinning (DIBT) phenomenon. The proposed device with a channel length ($L_{ch}$) of 5 nm exhibits outstanding LP performance with a subthreshold swing (S) of 29.1 mV/dec and an off-state current ($I_{off}$) of $1.12{\times}10^{-11}A/{\mu}m$. In addition, the use of the highk spacer dielectric $HfO_2$ improves the on-state current ($I_{on}$) with an intrinsic delay time (${\tau}$) because of a higher fringing field. We demonstrate a sub-10 nm LP switching device that realizes a good S and lower $I_{off}$ at a lower supply voltage ($V_{DD}$) of 0.2 V.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.127-133
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• 2012

In this paper, tests were carried out to monitor the effect of the curing temperature on autogenous shrinkage of the high strength cement mortar incorporating silica fume, blast furnace slag and fly ash ranged from 10%~30% by mass of cement. The curing temperatures were varied from $5^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. According to results, the setting time exhibited to delay with increase of admixture and drop of temperature. As for the effect of curing temperature on autogenous shrinkage, the increase of SF and BS resulted in an increase of autogenous shrinkage, while the use of FA decrease. The higher the curing temperature is, the greater the autogenous shrinkage is. This is due to the accelerated hydration rate of cement. It is found that the maturity does not consider the effect of curing temperature on autogenous shrinkage.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.43.1-43.14
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• 2022

Background: Cataracts are the leading cause of impaired vision or blindness in dogs. There are many antioxidants that can prevent cataract progression, but whether they are clinically effective in dogs has not been established. Objectives: To analyze the delaying or preventing effect of oral antioxidants on canine senile cataracts through retrospective analysis. Methods: Medical records of dogs from January 1, 2015 to July 10, 2020 were reviewed. Dogs that were 8 yr of age or older with senile cataracts were included in this study. The dogs were divided into two treatment groups (dogs administered with Ocu-GLO supplement and dogs administered with Meni-One Eye R/C supplement) and a control group (dogs that were not administered any supplement). Dogs with incipient and immature cataracts were included in this study. Altogether, 112 dogs (156 eyes) with incipient cataracts and 60 dogs (77 eyes) with immature cataracts were included. The period of time that cataracts progressed from incipient to immature, and from immature to mature was recorded for each dog. Results: There was no significant delaying effect on the progression of incipient cataracts. However, both Ocu-GLO (hazard ratio = 0.265, p = 0.026) and Meni-One (hazard ratio = 0.246, p = 0.005) significantly delayed the progression of immature cataracts compared to the control group. Conclusions: Although there was no significant delaying effect of oral antioxidants on incipient cataract progression, antioxidants could be used to delay the progression of senile immature cataract.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1377-1387
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• 2013

Most embankment of the reservoirs (99.1 %) have been constructed in the earth filled type in Korea because the construction of this type is less expensive and simpler than others such as concrete one. However, it has to be reinforced the slope to prevent the breach due to overtopping or piping under unexpected flood conditions. This study has been analyzed the retardation effect using three types (L, T, $L^*$ shape) of stiffener in order to reinforce embankment when they are collapsed by overtopping flow. Experimental results showed that L-type stiffener is the most effective in delaying the breaching of embankment and reducing the soil erosion when compared with others. The reinforced embankment breaching showed that time delay was occurred about 1.73 to 2.29 times and the peak flowrate was reduced compared to non-stiffener embankments due to energy dissipation by collision and less soil erosion. The embankment breaching mostly leads to major damages because of the lack of repair time. Thus, since these stiffeners can resist the rapid breach, it would be possible to earn the time to emergency repair and lifesaving, as well as reduction of damages of embankment in downward region with decreasing peak flowrate. Results from this study would be used for the basis when establishing the emergency action plan for the reservoirs on the verge of hazard.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2016

Recently, frequent traffic congestion has occurred in domestic urban roads. As a solution for downtown traffic congestion in domestic urban roads, plans for great depth underground double-deck tunnels have been made. Great depth underground double-deck tunnels that have been planned for passenger cars, has the structure of a network type; the entry of vehicles is carried out in the underground space. In these network great depth underground double-deck tunnels, the cross section and the height of the tunnel are smaller than the general road tunnel, and the smoke of a fire will propagate faster than the evacuation of tunnel passengers by the action of the traffic-ventilation and casualties are expected. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt was made to prevent the delay system for fire smoke diffusion at the time of a fire in a domestic network great depth underground double-deck tunnel according to the area of the tunnel block during the operation of the delay system for fire smoke diffusion to analyze the effects of reducing the inflow velocity. When the area of the tunnel block was not less than 50%, the effect of reducing about 21% of the wind speed acting on the tunnel was significant. If the area is more than 50%, the diffusion rate of fire smoke was reduced by approximately 21%, which will be useful for a safe evacuation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.428-434
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the microtensile bond strength in Class I cavities associated with different light curing modes of same light energy density. Occlusal enamel was removed to expose a flat dentin surface and twenty box-shaped Class I cavities were prepared in dentin. Single Bond (3M Dental product) was applied and Z 250 was inserted using bulk technique. The composite was light-cured using one of four techniques, pulse delay (PD group), soft-start (SS group), pulse cure (PC group) and standard continuous cure (CC group). The light-curing unit capable of adjusting time and intensity (VIP, Bisco Dental product) was selected and the light energy density for all curing modes was fixed at $16J/cm^2$. After storage for 24 hours, specimens were sectioned into beams with a rectangular cross-sectional area of approximately $1mm^2$ Microtensile bond strength $({\mu}TBS)$ test was per- formed using a univel·sal testing machine (EZ Test, Shimadzu Co.). The results were analyzed using oneway ANOVA and Tukey's test at significance level 0.05. The ${\mu}TBS$ of PD group and SS group was higher than that of PC group and CC group. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, modification of curing modes such as pulse delay and soft start polymerization can improve resin/dentin bond strength in Class I cavities by controlling polymerization velocity of composite resin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.55-58
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• 2008

RFID(Radio frequency IDentification) leader is collision of data, when recognizing the multiple tag the inside area. This collision became the cause which delays the tag recognition time of the leader. The protocol which prevents the delay of tag recognition time of the leader the place where representative it uses QT(Query Tree) algorithms, it uses a collision bit position from this paper and are improved QT-MTC(Query Tree with Multi-Tag Cognition) algorithms which it proposes. This algorithm stored the bit position which bit possibility and the collision where the collision happens occurs in the stack and goes round a tree the number of time which, it reduced could be identified two tags simultaneously in order, it was planned. A result of performance analysis, It compared in QT protocols and the this algorithm against the tag bit which is continued a tush efficiency improvement effect was visible.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.376-380
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• 2016

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of harvesting time of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam; IRG) in spring on dry matter (DM) yield. IRG cultivars 'Kowinearly' and 'Greenfarm' were seeded at 50 kg/ha and grown on rice paddy fields. There was no difference in growth characteristics between both varieties before winter. However, cold tolerance of Kowinearly was higher than that of Greenfarm, as demonstrated by post-wintering growth characteristics. The heading date of both varieties was affected by the spring weather. The IRG was harvested three times at 5-day intervals beginning from 9 May. The DM yield of Greenfarm was 6,306; 7,335; and 8,109 kg/ha, and that of Kowinearly was 7,498; 9,196; and 10,449 kg/ha at the three consecutive harvests. The delay of the harvesting time for 5 and 10 days increased the DM yield of Greenfarm by 16% and 29% and that of Kowinearly by 23% and 39%, respectively, compared to the yield at first harvest (p < 0.05). Therefore, IRG harvest later than early to mid-May is expected to increase productivity. The feed values of Greenfarm were: 12.2% of crude protein (CP), 34.5% of acid detergent fiber (ADF), 57.7% of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 61.6% of total digestible nutrients (TDN), and 72.3% of in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD). For Kowinearly, these values were 16.4% of CP, 30.4% of ADF, 52.7% of NDF, 64.9% of TDN and 79.0% of IVDMD.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.5B
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• pp.573-581
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• 2011

The underwater channel is known to offer poor communications channel. The channel medium is highly absorptive and the transmission bandwidth is limited. In addition, the channel is highly frequency selective; the degree of selectiveness depends on a detailed geometry of the channel. Furthermore, the response changes over time as the channel conditions affecting the response such as water temperature, sea surface wind and salinity are time-varying. The transceiver design to deal with the frequency and time selective channel, therefore, becomes very challenging. It has been known that deep fading at certain specific sub-carriers are detrimental to OFDM systems. To mitigate this negative effect, the proposed coded OFDM system employs an LDPC code based modulation. In this paper, we aim 1) to provide a detailed underwater channel model; 2) to design a robust LDPC coded OFDM system; 3) to test the proposed system under a variety of channel conditions enabled by the channel model.