• 산업공학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to survey colors of background, marker, and pointer being used in passenger car's combination meter, and to suggest ergonomic design guidelines of combination meter to enhance driver's readability. An experiment was conducted, in which colors of background, marker, and pointer were selected as independent variables, and reading time, reading error, and preference for combination meter were measured as dependent variables. Most of passenger cars sold in Korea were found to have combination meter with black background, while marker. The experimental results showed that reading time of combination meter with white background, black marker and point was shortest, reading error was lowest in combination meter with black background, yellow marker pointer, and preference for combination meter with white background, black marker and black or red pointer was highest. The results implied that combination meter with white background, black marker and black pointer should be used for comprehensively optimizing reading time, reading error, and preference for it. It was expected that these results could be used as valuable design guidelines when designing combination meter of passenger car.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.93-93
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• 1999

Researches on digit recognition have been conducted actively for a long time because the classes to recognize are much fewer than other character sets and because it is very likely thatthe digit recognition can be applied to many problems in real world, The recent studies on designingrecognition system with high performance are in progress with two different aspects. One is toconstruct a recognizer using several features at the same time, and the other is to use severalrecognizers. In this paper, we propose a multistage combination method to recognize the unconstrainedhandwritten numerals. The method is a two-stage combination method which uses multiplecombination methods at the same time unlike the existing methods with only one combination method.The recognizers are first combined by several combination methods of different classes simultaneously,and then the results of them are combined by another combination method to generate a final result.Five recognizers and eight combination methods are used in the proposed system. The experimentalresults showed that the recognition rates on CENPARMI and CEDAR data were 97.75% and 98.6%,respectively and the recognition performance could be improved as the process passed through stages,We could get the best performance by combining the combination methods of different classes, whichmeans there are a complementary relation among them, The proposed method can be considered asan extended version of the existing combination methods.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.889-901
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• 2003

In this paper, we consider the optimal replacement policies following the expiration of the combination warranty. The combination warranty can be divided into the renewing combination warranty and the non-renewing combination warranty. The criterion used to determine the optimal replacement period is the overall value function based on the expected cost and the expected downtime. Thus, we obtain the expected cost rate per unit time and the expected downtime per unit time for our model. And then the overall value function suggested by Jiagn and Ji(2002) is applied to obtain the optimal replacement period. The numerical examples are presented for illustrative purpose.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2007

In industry, multihead automatic combination weighers are used to provide accurate weights at high speed. To minimize giveaway, greater accuracy is desired, especially for valuable products. This paper describes a combination algorithm based on bit operation. The combination method is simple and saves time, since only the elements to be considered for combination are generated. The total number of combinations from which the desired output weight is chosen can be increased by extending the combination from memory hoppers to include some weighing hoppers. For an eight-channel weigher, three or four combination elements are best. In addition to targeting approximately equal amounts of products in each channel, this study investigated other schemes. Simulation results show that schemes targeting combination elements with an unequal distribution of the output weight are more accurate. The most accurate scheme involves supplying products to all memory and weighing hoppers before commencing the combination operation. However, this scheme takes more time.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2004

In order to study on the color change of silk dyed with natural colorant due to light fading, and find out the effect of combination dyeing, colorant extracts of safflower red, safflower yellow and amur cork tree were used, either singly or in combination. In combination dyeing, safflower yellow or amur cork tree dyeing process was added on the top of the silk fabric was dyed with safflower red. Color change and light fastness were investigated by $L^*,\; a^*,\; b^*$ H, V/C, and Color difference. Brightness of silk fabric dyed with safflower red and safflower yellow increased gradually with increasing the radiation time of UV light, but amur cork tree was decreased and turned to dull. Color difference of dyed with Amur cork tree showed higher than the others. Combination dyeing of safflower red and amur cork tree provided better light fastness than the one of safflower red and safflower yellow.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2021

This study aims to forecast the exchange rate of the Chinese Yuan against the US Dollar by a combination of different models as proposed by Poon and Granger (2003) during the Covid-19 pandemic. For this purpose, we include three uni-variate time series models, i.e., ARIMA, Naïve, Exponential smoothing, and one multivariate model, i.e., NARDL. This is the first of its kind endeavor to combine univariate models along with NARDL to the best of our knowledge. Utilizing monthly data from January 2011 to December 2020, we predict the Chinese Yuan against the US dollar by two combination criteria i.e. var-cor and equal weightage. After finding out the individual accuracy, the models are then assessed through equal weightage and var-cor methods. Our results suggest that Naïve outperforms all individual & combination of time series models. Similarly, the combination of NARDL and Naïve model again outperformed all of the individual as well as combined models except the Naïve model, with the lowest MAPE value of 0764. The results suggesting that the Chinese Yuan exchange rate against the US Dollar is dependent upon the recent observations of the time series. Further evidence shows that the combination of models plays a vital role in forecasting which commensurate with the literature.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2018

조합에서 모든 경우의 수를 생성하는 체계적인 방법 중 하나는 조합 트리를 구성 하는 것이며 조합 트리를 구성하는 시간 복잡도는 O($2^n$)이다. 조합 트리는 그래프 동형 문제나 빈발 항목집합을 계산하는 초기 모델 등 다양한 목적으로 활용된다. 그러나 조합의 모든 경우의 수를 탐색해야 하는 알고리즘은 높은 시간 복잡도로 인해 현실적으로 활용되기 어렵다. 그럼에도 불구하고 데이터의 양이 방대해지고 이를 활용하기 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되면서 모든 경우의 수를 탐색해야만 하는 경우가 늘고 있다. 최근 GPU환경이 보급되고 쉽게 접할 수 있게 되면서 직렬 환경에서 높은 시간 복잡도를 가지는 알고리즘들을 병렬화 하여 시간을 줄이려는 다양한 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 조합에서 모든 경우의 수를 생성하는 방법은 순차적으로 진행되고 하부 작업의 크기가 편향되기 때문에 병렬 구현에 적합하지 않다. 병렬 알고리즘의 성능은 모든 스레드가 비슷한 크기의 작업을 가질 때 극대화될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 모든 경우의 수를 구하는 문제를 병렬화하기 위하여 CPU와 GPU가 효율적으로 협업하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 이론적인 측면에서 시간 복잡도를 분석하고, CPU와 GPU환경에서 다른 알고리즘과 본 연구에서 제안한 알고리즘의 실험 시간을 비교한다. 실험 결과 본 연구에서 제안한 CPU와 GPU의 협업 알고리즘은 이전 알고리즘에 비하여 CPU의 수행시간과 GPU의 수행시간의 균형을 유지하였고 아이템의 개수가 커질수록 괄목할 만한 시간 개선을 보였다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.1147-1156
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• 1993

In order to analyze lateral control in the backward maneuver of a tractor -trailer combination , a kinematic vehicle model and a human operator model with time delay were utilized for the operator/vehicle system. The analysis was carried out using the frequency domain approach. The open-loop stability of the vehicle motion was analyzed through the transfer functions. The sensitivity of the stability of the vehicle motion. to a change in the steering angle, was also analyzed. A mathematical model of the closed -loop operator/vehicle system was then formulated. The closed -loop stability of the operator /vehicle system was then analyzed. The effect of the delay time on the system was also analyzed through computer simulation.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.293-303
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• 2003

개입효과가 포함된 시계열 자료에 대한 여러 시계열 모형에 의한 예측 방법들이 비교 분석된다. 개입이 있는 선형 ARIMA 모형, 비선형 ARCH 모형 및 개입이 있는 비선형 ARCH 모형 그리고 TONG 이 제안한 결합예측방법들이 소개되고, 실증분석으로 개입이 있다고 생각되는 한국건축허가면적 자료로부터 그 예측 수월성이 비교된다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2005

In the field of electrical industry, embedded computing environment including hardware and software is getting more important as the industry shifts to the knowledge-based one. Java could play a great role as bridging technology in such a transition because it provides a lot of benefits like dynamic application download, compatibility of cross platform, and its own security solution. However, the Java technology has a limitation of real-time problem when it is applied to the embedded computing system of the electrical industry. To solve the problem, a novel java-native combination model has been proposed and designed to a firmware level. This scheme has been employed in four kinds of control boards. The result shows that the proposed model has great potential to implement the real-time processing in control of the devices.