• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.781-792
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• 1997

This study was peformed to evaluate the dynamic fatigue characteristics of the dental ceramics for all-ceramic crown. A feldspathic porcelain of VMK68. glass ceramic of IPS-Empress, and glass infiltrated alumina ceramic of In-Ceram were used. Disc specimens were prepared to the final dimensions of 12 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness. The biaxial flexure test was conducted using a ball-on-three-ball method. 240 specimens were tested in $37^{\circ}C$ water by testing 20 samples at each of four loading rates:0.05, 0.2, 1, and 5mm/min. 60 specimens were tested in a moisture-free environment by testing 20 samples at 5mm/min. The inert strength of VMK68 was 80.25MPa, and the fatigue parameters were n=29.1, ${\sigma}_{fo}=52.90MPa$. The inert strength of IPS-Empress was 104.76MPa, and the fatigue parameters were n=32.46, ${\sigma}_{fo}=67.52MPa$. The inert strength of In-Ceram was 429.33MPa, and the fatigue parameters were n=31.46, ${\sigma}_{fo}=258.36MPa$. 10-year failure stresses of VMK68, IPS-Empress, and In-Ceram were 20.3MPa, 24.8MPa, and 93.6MPa, respectively. Failure strength and fatigue life showed the highest value in In-Ceram, and then, IPS-Empress and VMK68.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1504-1514
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• 2010

Relationship marketing can be one of the most efficient strategies to enable a company to achieve business success in the recent marketing environment of tough competition and the diverse desires of consumers for new products. Using relationship marketing instead of mass marketing can help a company increase profits. For proper research in relationship marketing, it is indispensable to study relationship benefits. This study provides specific information in terms of relationship benefits to help develop the marketoriented strategy of a company. The results are as follow. The relationship benefit had a significantly positive effect on relationship quality (trust, satisfaction, and commitment). A relationship benefit was divided into three dimensions: customization benefit, informational benefit, and emotional benefit. Especially, emotional benefit appears as the most positive effect on satisfaction and the customization benefit appeared as the most positive effect on trust and commitment. The customization benefit and emotional benefit had a significantly positive effect on long-term relationship orientation, repurchase intention, and word of mouth. Informational benefit was not a significant influence on repurchase intention and word of mouth. Customization benefit appeared the most positive effect on long-term relationship orientation and word' of mouth. Emotional benefit appeared the most positive effect on repurchase intention. The relationship quality had a significantly positive effect on relationship performance. The findings of this study provide both industry and academic researchers with a guide to increase customer satisfaction in the relationship marketing process.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.79-107
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• 2011

This study investigates the status of English scores in the Korean labor market. We provide an empirical explanation of how English scores affect labor performances in Korea. Specifically, we focus on the effects of TOEIC scores on college graduates' job opportunity and wage premium. Our empirical tests for TOEIC scores are implemented in three dimensions: (1) Screening effects (2) Signaling effects (3) Wage effects. The results are as follows. First, we find the positive correlation between TOEIC scores and job opportunities, which implies that TOEIC scores play an important role in employee selection process. Second, our tests give the same results when it comes to job seeker's use of TOEIC scores as signaling instrument. That is, high TOEIC scores have positive signaling effects in the labor market. However, there also exists disadvantage effect of low TOEIC scores, in that job applicants with TOEIC scores below certain level are even more disadvantageous than those with no TOEIC scores. Finally, wage premium of TOEIC scores are found, even when other variables (e.g. GPA) are controlled or we use the instrumental variable estimate.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.374-378
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• 2014

Background Angioleiomyoma, a vascular leiomyoma, is a rare, benign smooth-muscle tumor that originates in the tunica media of vessels. It occurs anywhere in the body, most frequently in the lower extremities. Methods We reviewed the medical records of 16 patients who were treated for angioleiomyoma between 2000 and 2012. The clinical features of angioleiomyoma and the correlation between symptoms and pathological subtypes were investigated. Results There were 9 males and 6 females. Ages of the patients ranged from 21 to 61. Pain was the primary symptom in 44% of the patients. Tumors were smaller than 2.0 cm in all dimensions and were located in the face in 4 patients, whereas 5 lesions occurred in the upper extremities and the remaining 7 in the lower extremities. Three histologic subtypes were identified: solid, venous, and cavernous. The subtypes did not correlate with the clinical symptoms. Conclusions Angioleiomyoma appears to be a rare tumor that occurs in the face and the extremities. The tumor usually occurs in middle age. A differential diagnosis of this tumor is difficult, but the tumor should be considered in the diagnosis of painful subcutaneous masses. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging can be helpful in the diagnosis of angioleiomyoma. These tumors can be successfully treated with simple excision, with a low recurrence rate.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.633-645
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• 2010

As the globalization increased, cultural heritage has been widely used as tourist destination. Traditional temples which have valuable cultural resources are important cultural heritages. It was found that most traditional temples which were used as famous tourist destinations lost their intrinsic religious values because of the intensive tourist uses. Sustainable tourism was introduced as an alternative tourism to the conventional one which could cause the destruction of the intrinsic values. Sustainable tourism represents and encompasses a set of principles balancing between visitor satisfaction, economic revitalization of the area, and the conservation of the heritage resources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility for the sustainable tourism of cultural heritage (traditional temple) by investigating visitors' satisfaction, revisit intention, and awareness on conservation. In order to perform this purpose, Sin-heung-sa was selected as a study site and 339 visitors participated in the questionnaire survey. The study results are summarized into three important findings. First, it was found that the possibility for the sustainable tourism of Sin-heung-sa was high. Vistors' awareness on conservation is high, but visiting satisfaction was medium-high. Specifically, the awareness for heritage transmission was the highest and the awareness for other conservational dimensions such as need for education, conservation for surrounding area, and respect for environmental capacity were also high. Second, visitors' overall and separate satisfactions were not high. Therefore, it was recommended that management strategies are needed to increase the visitor satisfaction because both conservation and visitor satisfaction are essential elements of successful sustainable tourism. The results revealed that visitors' satisfaction could be enhanced by improving safety of the area, providing diverse travel activities and information, and creating unique atmosphere. Third, the revisit intention was evaluated higher than the overall satisfaction, which showed that the attractiveness and competitiveness of Sin-heung-sa was relatively high. Important determinant attributes for revisit intention were analyzed to be good nature(landscape, valley, the fauna and flora) and network with surrounding tourist destinations.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.533-536
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• 2007

The LiDAR data structure has the potential for modeling in three dimensions because the LiDAR data can represent voxels with z value under certain defined conditions. Therefore, it is possible to classify the physical damaged degree of vegetation by forest fire as using the LiDAR data because the physical loss of canopy height and width by forest fire can be relative to an amount of points reached to the ground through the canopy of damaged forest. On the other hand, biological damage of vegetation by forest fire can be explained using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) which show vegetation vitality. In this study, we graded the damaged degree of vegetation by forest fire in Yangyang-Gun of South Korea using the LiDAR data for physical grading and digital aerial photograph including Red, Green, Blue and Near Infra-Red bands for biological grading. The LiDAR data was classified into 2 classes, of which one was Serious Physical Damaged (SPD) and the other was Light Physical Damaged (LPD) area. The NDVI was also classified into 2 classes which are Serious Biological Damaged (SBD) and Light Biological Damaged (LBD) area respectively. With each 2 classes ofthe LiDAR data and NDVI, the damaged area by forest fire was graded into 4 degrees like damaged class 1,2,3 and 4 grade. As a result of this study, 1 graded area was the broadest and next was the 3 grade. With this result, we could know that the burned area by forest fire in Yangyang-Gun was damaged rather biologically because the NDVI in 1 and 3 grade appeared low value whereas the LiDAR data in 1 and 3 grade included light physical damage like the LPD.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2013

Objectives: This study aimed to collect information that will help enhance the social networks and improve the quality of life among elderly people by observing the relationship between their social network and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and by analyzing social network factors affecting HRQoL. Methods: This study was based on the 2008 Community Health Survey in Yeoncheon County. Three hundred elders were included in the study population. We compared the revised Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-R) score and Euro quality of life-5 dimensions health status index by demographic characteristics and chronic disease prevalence. We analyzed the data using multiple regression and tobit regression by setting the HRQoL as the dependent variable and social network and other characteristics as the independent variables. We analyzed social network factors by using factor analysis. Results: The LSNS-R score differed significantly according to age and existence of a spouse. According to the results from the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, the LSNS-R explained 0.10 of the variance and LSNS-R friends factor explained 0.10 of the variance. The tobit regression indicated that the contribution of the LSNS-R family size factor to the regression coefficient of the independent variable that affected the HRQoL was $B_T$=2.96, that of the LSNS-R family frequency factor was $B_T$=3.60, and that of LSNS-R friends factor was $B_T$=5.41. Conclusions: Social networks among elderly people had a significant effect on HRQoL and their networks of friends had a relatively higher effect than those of family members.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.521-526
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• 2014

In this study, closed-cell aluminum foam with an initial crack was investigated to produce an axial load-time graph. Using the 10-kN Landmarks of MTS Corporation, a 15-mm/min velocity of mode I shape was applied to the aluminum foam specimen using the displacement control method. ABAQUS 6.10 simulation was used to model and analyze the identical model in three dimensions under conditions identical to those of the experiment. The energy release rate was calculated on the basis of an axial load-displacement graph obtained from the experiment and a transient image of the crack length, and then an FE model was analyzed on the basis of this fracture energy condition. The relation between load and displacement was discussed; it was found that the aluminum foam deformed somewhat less than the adhesive layer owing to the difference in elastic modulus.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-48
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the satisfaction of participants in the National Cancer Screening Program(NCSP) and to identify factors affecting the satisfaction. The telephone survey was conducted in July 2007 for the participants who were screened by the NCSP from January through May 2007. Student's t-tests and analysis of variance were performed first to determine if the mean satisfaction score differed by the characteristics of study objects, followed by multiple linear regression analyses to examine the factors affecting satisfaction. Dependent variable was general satisfaction for the screening service, and three dimensions of independent variables - 'sociodemographic characteristics', 'screening characteristics', and 'perceived service quality' - were used for the empirical analyses. Female, old-aged, less educated, Medicaid recipients, rural residents and the participants with normal results were more likely to be satisfied with the NCSP. The results of multiple regression analyses show that gender, age, location of residence, type of screening units, and perceived quality of screening services were significantly related to satisfaction. This study is meaningful as the first attempt to measure participant satisfaction with the NCSP, and to identify factors affecting the satisfaction. Among the identified factors, the NCSP needs to pay attention to perceived quality of service, in particular, to improve the satisfaction. This study is expected to contribute to raising the compliance rate and to improve the quality of the NCSP.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.2 s.90
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• pp.69-79
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• 2000

Fractal geometry has become one of prospective research approaches as the complex structure of natural entities is not easily characterized by traditional Euclidean geometry. With the fractal geometry, we can better decipher the complex structure and identify natural and anthropogenic agents of landscape patterns occurring at different spatial scales. The usefulness of fractal, however, has not been fully appreciated among Korean academic societies, especially in ecological and limnological fields. We attempt to address three points in this study. First, we introduce the concept and dimension of fractal and review relevant research approaches, especially with respect to ecological and limnological phenomena. Second, we explore possible applications of fractal to some aspects of geography and land use characteristics in South Korea. For the analyses of fractal dimensions, we used data published in other studies previously and collected for this study. Data were analyzed by a perimeter/area method of fractal dimension for the spatial distribution of global solar radiation and leaf area index, and the movement of wild boars in forested landscapes of mid-eastern Korea. The same approach was also applied to the water channel of a hypothetical river and the shape of reservoirs in Yongin, Kyunggi Province. Finally, we discuss the results and key issues to consider when a fractal approach is employed in ecology and limnology.