• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.27-49
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• 2006

The purpose of the present study was to investigate dimensionality and psychometric properties of identified theoretical constructs of the 'Life Satisfaction Scale for Elderly(LSSE)', which was developed by Choi, Sung-Jae in 1986. Data was obtained from 'The survey of health and welfare status of the elderly aged 65 or older in Chung-Choo city'. The subjects were 275 elderly. Results showed that LSSE had a multi-dimensional structure with three theoretical constructs. Each theoretical construct was named as 'positive affect and subjective satisfaction', 'negative self image and affect', and 'self-value'. Three theoretical constructs had high levels of reliability and validity based on internal construct. 'Positive affect and subjective satisfaction' and 'negative self image and affect' showed high levels of convergent and discriminant validity. 'Self-value' had a high level of convergent validity but acceptable level of discriminant validity. Results of this study revealed that there was a difference in theoretical dimensionality of LSSE between this study and Choi's study, which explained the dimensionality of LSSE as a single dimension. However, the result of this study regarding theoretical dimensionality supported findings from existing studies which insisted that life satisfaction had a multi-dimensional structure.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.113-122
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• 2007

The rapid growth of aerial survey and remote sensing technology has enabled the rapid acquisition of very large amounts of geographic data, which should be analyzed using real-time visualization technology. The level of detail(LOD) algorithm is one of the most important elements for realizing real-time visualization. We chose the triangulated irregular network (TIN) method to generate normalized digital elevation model(DEM) data. First, we generated TIN data using contour lines obtained from a two-dimensional(2D) digital map and created a 2D grid array fitting the size of the area. Then, we generated normalized DEM data by calculating the intersection points between the TIN data and the points on the 2D grid array. We used constrained Delaunay triangulation(CDT) and ray-triangle intersection algorithms to calculate the intersection points between the TIN data and the points on the 2D grid array in each step. In addition, we simulated a three-dimensional(3D) terrain model based on normalized DEM data with real-time visualization using a Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 program in the DirectX API library and a quad-tree LOD algorithm.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2005

Recently, the imaging of geological structures beneath water-covered areas has been in great demand because of numerous tunnel and bridge construction projects on river or lake sites. An electrical resistivity survey can be effective in such a situation because it provides a subsurface image of faults or weak zones beneath the water layer. Even though conventional resistivity surveys in water-covered areas, in which electrodes are installed on the water bottom, do give high-resolution subsurface images, much time and effort is required to install electrodes. Therefore, an easier and more convenient method is sought to find the strike direction of the main zones of weakness, especially for reconnaissance surveys. In this paper, we investigate the applicability of the streamer resistivity survey method, which uses electrodes in a streamer cable towed by ship or boat, for delineating a fault zone. We do this through numerical experiments with models of water-covered areas. We demonstrate that the fault zone can be imaged, not only by installing electrodes on the water bottom, but also by using floating electrodes, when the depth of water is less than twice the electrode spacing. In addition, we compare the signal-to-noise ratio and resolving power of four kinds of electrode arrays that can be adapted to the streamer resistivity method. Following this numerical study, we carried out both conventional and streamer resistivity surveys for the planned tunnel construction site located at the Han River in Seoul, Korea. To obtain high-resolution resistivity images we used the conventional method, and installed electrodes on the water bottom along the planned route of the tunnel beneath the river. Applying a two-dimensional inversion scheme to the measured data, we found three distinctive low-resistivity anomalies, which we interpreted as associated with fault zones. To determine the strike direction of these three fault zones, we used the quick and convenient streamer resistivity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2018

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is used in various fields, such as land surveying, facility management, and disaster monitoring and restoration because it has low operational costs, fast data acquisition, and can generate a digital surface model (DSM). Recently, the UAV has been applied to process management in construction projects. Construction projects are widely distributed not only in urban areas but also in mountainous areas and rural areas where people are rarely in traffic or in vehicles. Projects range from a few hundred meters to several kilometers long. In order to perform a reconnaissance survey, a surveying method using a global positioning system (GPS) or a total station has mainly been used. However, these methods have a disadvantage in that a lot of time is required for data acquisition. This study's purpose is to evaluate the usability of a UAV DSM for surveying a construction area. Data was acquired using the UAV and a three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner, and the DSM of the construction site was created through data processing. The UAV DSM showed accuracy to within 30 cm based on the 3D laser scanner data, and a process comparison between the two work methods was able to present the usability of the UAV DSM in the field of construction surveying. Future utilization of the UAV DSM is expected to greatly improve the efficiency of work in construction projects.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.8-18
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• 2001

To delineate the inhomogeneities including fractures and to estimate the freshness of rock borehole radar consisting of the reflection and tomography methods, and GPR surveys were conducted at a granite quarry mine. The borehole reflection survey using the direction finding antenna was also conducted to get the spatial orientations of reflectors. 20 MHz was adopted as the central frequency for the borehole radar reflection and tomography surveys and 100 MHz was for GPR. Through the interpretation of borehole reflection data using dipole and direction finding antenna as well as GPR images, which are good agreement with each other, we could determine the orientation of the major fractures in three dimensional way. Parts of travel time curves of tomography data showed the anisotropy, which is uncommon in granite quarry. By comparing the tomography data and TeleViewer images, the anisotropy effect in this area are closely related to fine fissures aligned in the same direction. The area confined by the two fractures, MF2 and MF5, might consist of the most fresh granite in the surveyed area, which was concluded from the borehole radar tomography, and GPR images as well as the distribution of anisotropy.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.316-323
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• 2011

To test the applicability of resistivity survey methods for the archaeological prospection of a large-scale tumulus, a three-dimensional resistivity survey was conducted at the $3^{rd}$ tumulus at Bokam-ri, in Naju city, South Korea. Since accurate topographic relief of the tumulus and electrode locations are required to obtain a high resolution image of the subsurface, electrodes were installed after making grids by threads, which is commonly used in the archaeological investigation. In the data acquisition, data were measured using a 2 m electrode spacing with the line spacing of 1 m and each survey line was shifted 1 m to form an effective grid of 1 m ${\times}$ 1 m. Though the 3-D inversion of data, we could obtain the 3-D image of the tumulus, where we could identify the brilliant signature of buried tombs made of stones. The results were compared with the previous excavation results and we could convince that a 3-D resistivity imaging method is very useful to investigate a large-scale tumulus.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.206-216
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• 2002

The finite element method (FEM), a powerful numerical modeling tool for solving various engineering problems, is frequently applied to three-dimensional (3-D) modeling thanks to its capability of discretizing and simulating the shape of model with finite number of elements. Considering the accuracy of the solution and computing time in modeling of engineering problems, it is preferable to construct physical continuity and simplify mesh system. Although there exist systematic mesh generation systems for arbitrary shaped model, it is hard to model a simple cylinder in terms of 3-D coordinate system especially in the vicinity of the central axis. In this study I adopt cylindrical coordinate system for modeling the 3-D model space and define the origin of the coordinates with mathematically clear coordinate transformation. Since we can simulate the whole space with hexahedral elements, the cylindrical coordinate system is effective in handling the 3-D model structure. The 3-D do resistivity modeling scheme developed in this study provides basie principle for borehole-to-surface resistivity survey, which can be a useful tool for the application to environmental problem.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.183-197
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships among service quality, perceived benefit, perceived value and behavioral intention as perceived by franchise snack bars customers. The service quality of franchise snack bars' was tested in three sub-dimensions: environmental quality interaction quality, and outcome quality, which are based on Brady & Cronin's third-dimensional model. A total of 450 survey questionaires were distributed from March 9th to November 12th in 2015, of whi 411 questionnaires were deemed suitable for statistical analysis. SPSS 20.0 program was employed to conduct frequency analysis and reliability analysis, while AMOS 20.0 program was used to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that all three elements of service quality have a positive impact on perceived benefit. In particular, the outcome quality element had the greatest influence on perceived benefit. In sum, customers of a franchise snack bar considered outcome variables such as food taste, reasonable amount, and general quality of food as the most important factors to fulfill the benefit. This results suggest that Korean snack bar franchise companies need to consider improvements to outcome quality features, such as food quality. In addition, perceived benefit was a critical antecedent of perceived value, which was itself a significant predictor of behavioral intention. In conclusion, this study applied the means-end chain theory on franchise sank bar segmentation, as well as three dimension service quality model as developed by Brady and Cronin, and found results that will enable meaningful strategics for snack bar foodservice segmentation in pursuit of the development of efficient business plans, and that can be utilized as a theoretical data for future studies.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.943-957
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• 2012

In this study, a technique based on Fractal Theory with Erosion Model was developed to interpolate the river morphology data at the border area between river bed and river side where both surface and under water surveyings can not be committed easily. Three dimensional river morphology data along the Ara River was generated by the developed technique. The Ara River is an artificially constructed waterway for vessels between the Han River and West Sea of Korea. The result was compared with the survey data by RMSE of 0.384, while the IDW interpolation result has RMSE of 0.802. Consequently, the developed river morphology data interpolation technique using Erosion Model based Fractal Theory is conceived to be superior to the IDW which has been generally used in generating the river morphology data.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.10 s.188
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• pp.149-171
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• 2003

This study was carried out as a basic fundamental research to propose a theoretical framework for Home Economics curriculum. This research employed the Delphi Method to reach a consensus with the experts in each related educational field of study for putting forth a newly proposed theoretical framework of a Home Economics curriculum. The finally proposed theoretical framework will definitely play a crucial role in establishing a standard framework for educational goals and curriculum content for Home Economics curriculum since it is put forth with a strong agreement from a high proportion of the expert groups. Results on the nature and characteristics of, structural framework of curriculum contents, and literacy through Home Economics were drawn from the 3-round Delphi survey: 1. Home economics has a liberal and practical-critical nature and it promotes enhancement of quality of life through a practical problem-solving process in maintaining family life. 2. The structural framework of the home economics curriculum contents is organized with three-dimensional components of content area (dimension 1), process area (dimension 2), focus of organizing content (dimension 3). 3. One's empowering capability through home economics education is proposed: inquiring knowledge and understanding phenomena for future society, solving practical problems in family life, developing higher order thinking skill, cultivating a positive attitude and a values system toward life.