• 치과방사선
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.149-160
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to localize the inferior alveolar canals in relation to the root apices of the mandibular third molars, according to their positions and degrees of impaction using vertical tube shift technique. One hundred three mandibular third molars, from 95 persons consisted of 57 males and 38 females, were clinically and radiographically investigated. The mandibular third molars had no pericoronitis and periapical lesions, and showed an evidence of complete root formation. The obtained results were as follows: 1. In localiztion of the inferior alveolar canals in relation to the root apices of the mandibular third molars, the inferior alveolar canal was located at the buccal side of the root apices of mandibular third molar in 77.7%, below the root apices in 16.5%, and the lingual side of root apices in 5.8%. 2. The positions of the mandibular third molars according to the Winter's Classification were as follows; 36.9% in Class Ⅰ, 21.3% in Class Ⅱ, 14.7% in Class Ⅲ, 4.8% in Class Ⅳ, 1.9% in Class Ⅴ, 17.5% in Class Ⅵ, 2.9% in Class Ⅶ. In localization of the inferior alveolar canals in relation to the root apices of the mandibular third molars according to the Winter's Classification, 92.1 % of Class Ⅰ, 86.4% of Class Ⅱ, 80.0% of Class Ⅲ, and 100.0% of Class Ⅳ and Ⅴ were located at the buccal side. In Class Ⅵ, however, 33.3% was located at the buccal side, 44.5% below the root apices, and 22.2% at the lingual side. 3. The degree of impaction was revealed to be 53.4% in Degree Ⅰ, 36.9% in Degree Ⅱ, and 9.7% in Degree Ⅲ. In localization of the inferior alveolar canals in relation to the root apices of mandibular third molars according to degree of impaction, 98.2% of Degree Ⅰ was located at the buccal side. In Degree Ⅱ, 60.5% was located at the bucal side, 31.6% below the root apices, and 7.9% at the lingual side. In Degree Ⅲ, 30.0% was located at the buccal side, 40.0% below the root apices, and 30.0% at the lingual side.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.420-425
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between incidence of mandibular angle fracture and eruption state of mandibular third molar using clinical and radiographic findings. Materials and Methods: The data were obtained from the clinical and radiographic records of 205 patients who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital for treatment of the mandibular fracture. Panoramic radiographies were taken for radiographic examination and the mandibular third molars were classified according to age, gender, position and eruption state. Data were analyzed by a chi-square statistics. Results: In this study, the incidence of mandibular angle fracture had a tendency to be greater when a mandibular third molar was present(p>0.05), but there was not a statistically significant difference. Of the 255 cases with a mandibular third molar, 67 had an angle fractures. Of the 155 cases without a mandibular third molar, 138 had not angle fracture. And the incidence of mandibular angle fracture was high at class BII(by Pell & Gregory system)(p<0.05). Conclusion: Although there was not a statistically significant difference, mandibular third molar was more susceptible to mandibular angle fracture. When the reduction of mandibular angle fracture, it was recommended that mandibular third molar should be extracted especially in case of pericoronitis, periodontitis and other infections.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.451-455
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• 2001

Objectives : There have been several studies documenting the changing level of the conus throughout infancy and childhood, but there is only a little detailed study that documents the range of conus positions in a living adult population, especially in Korean, without spinal deformity. Methods : we made a sequential study of magnetic resonance images of the lumbar spine to determine the variation in position of the conus medullaris in 650 living korean adults population without spinal deformity who checked MRI to identify the cause of low back pain. The study population consisted of patients over the age of 16 years. A T1-weighted, midline, sagittal image was reviewed for identifying the postion of conus. This location was recorded in relation to the upper, middle, or lower third of the adjacent vertebral body or the adjacent intervertebral disc. Results : The study group consisted of 305 men(47%) and 345 women(53%) with a mean age 45.9 years(range, 16-79 years). The conus existed commonly at the middle third of L1(131cases, 20.2%), at the L1-2 intervertebral space(129cases, 19.8%), and the lower third of L1(123cases, 18.9%). The mean position of conus was the lower third of L1(range, middle third of T12 to middle third of L3). Conclusions : The mean position of conus was at the lower third of L1(range, middle third of T12 to middle third of L3). This results was same as that of foreign study. Our results of living korean adult population could allow for safe clinical procedures such as lumbar puncture, spinal anesthesia, and help to explain the differences among observed neurologic injuries from fracture-dislocation at the thoracolumbar junction.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2004

Objective : Herniation of Nucleus Pulpous(HNP) of Lumbar is the most important reason that causes low back pain. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Bee-venom acua-acupuncture therapy for protrusion disc patients. Methods : To evaluate the effectiveness of Bee-Venom Acupuncture Therapy, 20 patients were treated by bee-venom acua-acupuncture therapy. To estimate the efficacy of treatment, we used Quardruple Visual Analog Scale(QVAS). Results : 1. As a objectivity treatment record, they test treatment record good 60%, fair 25%, excellent 15%. 2. After bee-venom therapy, pain rate changed from 8.25 to 2.15. 3. By the results which puts out the statistics in sex, a pain rate of male changed from 8.75 to 2.50, a pain rate of female 7.92 to 1.92. Intentional difference is none as a therapy. By the results which puts out the statistics in age, after forties changed from 7.78 to 2.22 and before forties changed from 7.90 to 1.92. By the results which puts out the statistics in disc herniation, pain rate of central type changed from 8.29 to 2.29, pain rate of left type changed from 8.20 to 1.40, pain rate of Right type changed from 8.00 to 4.00.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.165-177
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to lay the groundwork for the development of appropriate training courses for a rapidly changing digital technology in the field of Dental technology. Methods: The subjects of this study were dental technicians, dental technology students, a professor of dental technology in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area and a self-administered structured questionnaire survey was conducted for 350 randomly selected people. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS Win 17.0 statistics program and analysis techniques include the frequency, percentage and cross-analysis. Results: The results of the survey are as follows. The usefulness of Major subjects was Full Denture laboratory (4.72 points), Dental Morphology (4.71 points), Crown and Bridge laboratory (4.69 points) in the instructor's group. The usefulness of Major subjects was Dental Morphology (4.56 points), Full Denture (4.36 points), Crown and Bridge laboratory (4.69 points) in the student's group. The usefulness of Major subjects was Dental Morphology (4.58 points), Dental Morphology laboratory (4.34 points), Partial Denture laboratory (4.30 points) in the dental technician's group. Subject with the highest usefulness of required course to open was CAD/CAM lecture and laboratory, the highest proportion of 91.2% and Implant laboratory was very useful (91.2%) in the instructor's group. Subject with the highest usefulness of required course to open was CAD/CAM lacture and laboratory, the highest proportion of 90.0% and Implant laboratory was very useful (91.2%) in the student's group. Subject with the highest usefulness of required course to open was CAD/CAM lacture and laboratory, the highest proportion of 91.2% and Implant laboratory was very useful (90.2%) in the dental technician's group. Conclusion: Semester of the subjects was required establishment of CAD/CAM lecture and laboratory in the third year first semester (85.1%) and Implant laboratory in the third year second semester the third year was the highest proportion of 94.1% in the instructor's group. 87.0% of students need to open CAD/CAM lacture and laboratory in the third year first semester, Implant laboratory in the third year second semester the third year was the highest proportion of 85.0% in the student's group. Semester of the subjects was required establishment of CAD/CAM lecture and laboratory in the third year first semester (81.0%) and Implant laboratory in the third year second semester the third year was the highest proportion of 80.0% in the dental technician's group.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.715-725
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence which the professional dental hygiene education has on the knowledge and behavioral change for oral health to the students in the departments of dental hygiene. Methods : 771 students in the first grade and 646 students in the third grade who were attending the departments of dental hygiene from 12 colleges in Korea were surveyed. The self-administered questionnaires were distributed to the students in the colleges during May and asked them to answer the questions and then recovered them on the spot. The collected questionnaires were analyzed by using a SPSS/PC program and the difference of significance depending on the group of the students was tested by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability test. Results : In the number of eating snacks by the students during one day, 2-3 times was the highest, irrespectively of the grade. The rate of the students brushing their teeth after snack was higher in the third-grade students(34.8%) than in the first-grade students(20.8%). As the path of acquiring oral health knowledge, all of the first-grade and third-grade students replied that their school classes had impacted them the most. The rate of toothache experience was a higher tendency in third-grade students compared to the first-grade students(p=0.116). The rate of gingival bleeding experience was lower in the third-grade students than in the first-grade students. The rate of oral prophylaxis experience was higher in the third-grade students than in the first-grade students. In the smoking rate, there was lower in the third-grade students than in the first-grade students. The rate of acknowledging smoking hazard to the periodontal health was higher in the third-grade students than in the first-grade students. Conclusions : This study revealed that the third-grade students of dental hygiene departments who were majoring in dental hygiene had a higher perception of oral health than the first-grade students whose the dental hygiene education period was short.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1996

임상교정에서의 원활한 치아배열을 도모하기 위하여 진단과 치료계획의 수립 방향에 따라 제1소구치 혹은 제2소구치 발치 또는 제2대구치 발치 또는 비발치로 치료가 진행된다. 이때 나타나는 하악제3대구치의 위치적 변화 특히 근원심, 협설측 경사도의 변화도를 알아보고자 163명의 교정환자 (비발치군 77례, 제1소구치 발거군 78례, 제2대구치 발거군 8례)의 치료전후 Pantomogram상을 분석하였다. 결과적으로 하악 제2대구치 발거군에서 치료전후 근원심 경사도의 변화가 컸으며, 하악 제3대구치의 초기 근심 경사도는 치료 전후의 근심경사도와 높은 상관성을 보였으며, 치료전 후의 근심경사도 변화량과도 높은 상관성을 보였다. 비발치군과 제1소구치 발거군에서 치료전후의 협설경사도 변화의 차이가 인정되었다. 치료전후의 협설경사도 변화는 치료전의 협설 경사도, 치료후의 협설경사도, 치료후의 근심경사도, 치료전후의 근심경사도 변화량과 높은 상관성을 보였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.477-491
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the shade changes(${\Delta}E^*$) about $In-Ceram^{(R)}$, $IPS-Empress^{(R)}$, $OPC^{(R)}$ by using of the spectrophotometer arising from inital status and before and after cementation of the resin cement mounted on the metal core. We used a couple of statistics such as 'One- Way ANOVA' and 'Multiple Range Test.' We could be able to verify significantly what is being discussed here up to 95%. The results drawn from our research are as follows : 1. At the time of our experiments regarding the initial shapes of all-ceramic and mounting status of all-ceramic on the metal crown(${\Delta}E^*1$), and a comparison of mounting of all ceramic on the metal crown with all-ceramic cemented on the metal core(${\Delta}E^*2$), at the time of shade change of initial shapes and after we cemented on the metal core. (1) no significant difference among all-ceramics was found. (2) no particular difference was found regarding the $In-Ceram^{(R)}$. (3) a significant difference between the ${\Delta}E^*1$ and ${\Delta}E^*2$ regarding the $IPS-Empress^{(R)}$ was found(P<0.05). (4) a significant difference between the ${\Delta}E^*1$ and ${\Delta}E^*2$ regarding the $OPC^{(R)}$ was found(P<0.05). 2. When we compared the shade changes(${\Delta}E^*$) resulted from before and after the cementation on each of the parts involved of some all-ceramic, we could be able to find shade change increase form incisal third, middle third. and cervical third in that order in $In-Ceram^{(R)}$(spinell), IPS $Empress^{(R)}$, and $OPC^{(R)}$ all. In addition. we could be able to find a significant difference between cervical third and incisal third, middle third. (P<0.05) From what we have just seen, we might conclude that there is a significant shade change difference before and after the cementation with respect to $IPS-Empress^{(R)}$ and $OPC^{(R)}$. In addition, we could also be able to find more shade change difference at the cervical third rather than incisal third and middle third depending on the parts involved.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.371-379
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• 2016

Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), a major mode of extracellular calcium entry, plays roles in a variety of cell activities. Accumulating evidence indicates that the intracellular calcium ion concentration and calcium signaling are critical for the responses induced by oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate the potential effect of SOCE inhibition on $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which are the predominant cells involved in endothelial repair. The results showed that $H_2O_2$-induced EPC apoptosis was reversed by SOCE inhibition induced either using the SOCE antagonist ML-9 or via silencing of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), a component of SOCE. Furthermore, SOCE inhibition repressed the increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ameliorated the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by $H_2O_2$. Our findings provide evidence that SOCE inhibition exerts a protective effect on EPCs in response to oxidative stress induced by $H_2O_2$ and may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy against vascular endothelial injury.

• 한국유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유통학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.91-122
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• 2001

This paper's object is to study the Advanced Foreign's Third Party Logistics Trend & View at Global Logistics Times. So, I analysed the Advanced Foreign U.S. & EU and the results are as follows: First, a growth in the number of outsourcing relationships has contributed to the development of more flexible organizations, based on core competencies and mutually beneficial longer-term relationships. So, the development of logistics relationships has brought mixed results. Across many industries, logistics outsourcing is a rapidly expanding source of cost savings, competitive advantage, and customer service improvements. Thus, it appears that Third Party Logistics(TPL) concepts could be useful in meeting the goals of the 1ogistics function. Second, the field of logistics and supply chain management is becoming strategically important. At the same time, it is becoming increasingly complex because of the rapid advances in management methods, e-commerce, technology, and enabling information systems. However, Third Party Logistics provider, many a times, lack broad set of skills, integrating technologies, strategies and global reach. So, Fourth Party Logistics(4PL) is the next significant evolution in supply chain outsourcing. 4PL delivers a comprehensive supply chain solution, and delivers value through the ability to impact the entire supply chain. The 4PL industry is likely to grow as more companies use e-commerce at Global Logistics Times.