• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3D
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• pp.499-509
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• 2006

Precast concrete deck has many advantages comparing with the in-situ concrete deck, and has been successfully applied to replacement of the deteriorated decks and to the newly constructed highway bridges in domestic region. In order to apply the precast decks into the railway bridges, however, differences of the load characteristics between the highway and the railway should be properly taken into account including the train load, longitudinal force of the continuous welded rail, acceleration or braking force, temperature change and shrinkage. Proper level of the longitudinal prestress of the tendons that can ensure integrity of the transverse joints in the deck system is of a primary importance. To this aim, the longitudinal tensile stresses induced by the design loads are derived using three-dimensional finite element analyses for the frequently adopted PSC composite girder railway bridge. The effect of the temperature change is also investigated considering the design codes and theoretical equations in an in-depth manner. The estimated proper prestress level to counteract those tensile stresses is above 2.4 MPa, which is similar to the case of the highway bridges.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.89-110
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• 2019

This study is to verify relative influence of individual, parent, peer, teacher-related variables as protective factors and risk factors of academic hatred. Surveys were conducted with 1,015 (women, 57.3%) high school third grade students across eight schools where are located in Seoul, Incheon, and Geyonggi province. Correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were performed. The findings are summarized as follows. Teacher's academic pressure did not have significant correlation with student's basic psychological needs, teacher's autonomy support, teacher's support, and peer support whereas other variables showed significant correlation each others. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that student's individual competence and autonomy, parent's academic support, and teacher's emotional support work as protective factors and that parent's academic pressure functions as a risk factor. The effects of peer support disappeared when teacher-related factors were included. In addition, the effects of teacher's autonomy support disappeared, while the effects of teacher's support strengthened when learner's basic psychological needs were input. This study is meaningful in that it clarified academic hatred which had not been studied in other research and that it provided theoretical foundation for subsequent studies on academic hatred by examining relative influence of related variables. Lastly, it presented its limitation, implications on intervening strategies in school counseling, and suggestions for later studies.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.381-417
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• 2011

The primary goal of this study is to examine the factors that affect how satisfied sexual minorities are with their lives. This study focuses on how sexual minorities perceive social stigma, the social influences involved in its perception, and the effects this perception has. Using stress-coping theory, this study looks at how social stigma, as a perceived stress, affects social support and self-esteem, how the stigma influences the degree to which individuals "come out" in an effort to cope, and the resultant effects of this coping mechanism on life satisfaction. The data used if from a sample of 478 individuals who self identify as gay, lesbian or bisexual. It was collected through an online survey. Using SEM, the quality was evaluated by analyzing the measurement model, and the relationship of the variables included in the theoretical model was verified by analyzing the structural model. The results of this study show that social stigma directly affects the life satisfaction of Korean sexual minorities. It significantly influences the social support they receive(from family and sexual minority peers), and their self-esteem. The degree to which the individual "comes out" is shown to affect life satisfaction as well. In contrast, the mediating effect of heterosexual support is shown to be insignificant. Based on the analyses, practical strategies regarding social stigma, social support, self-esteem, and "coming out" are suggested for sexual minorities. The social stigma should be reduced and society-scaled campaigns promoted in order to improve their level of life satisfaction. In addition, institutional protection should be developed and specialized educational courses on human rights provided which will empower these minorities with self-help mechanisms. Furthermore, issues such as establishing support system and providing a social welfare system for the sexual minority community are discussed.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.73-93
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• 2023

This study provides a prospect for the fast growing the smartwatch market by investigating the relationship between the satisfaction and the continuous use intention of Apple watch users, as well as the factors influencing their satisfaction. Based on the TAM, this study uses system quality, information quality, and self-efficacy as independent variables, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and satisfaction as mediators, and continuous use intention as the dependent variable. We analyze the data of 256 individuals who completed an online survey with SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 software. This study conducts several tests and analyses to empirically evaluate the data including reliability analysis, factor analysis, feasibility analysis, path analysis, hypothesis verification, and mediation analysis. Our results investigate which factors may influence consumers' intention to continuously using Apple Watch devices in the future. In summary, satisfaction has a positive effect on the intention to continuously use smartwatchs. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a positive effect on satisfaction. Among the three factors (system quality, information quality, and self-efficacy), only self-efficacy has no significant impact on perceived usefulness but had a positive effect on perceived ease of use. In addition, system quality and information quality positively affect perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, satisfaction, and continuous intention to use an Apple Watch. Taking the Apple Watch as the subject of our research topic, this study provides theoretical value by exploring the impact of user's satisfaction with their smartwatch on their continuous usage intention. This study further explains the influence of system quality, information quality, and self-efficacy on user satisfaction. Additionally, this research offers valuable insight to practitioners by confirming that information quality, system quality, and self-efficacy are important features for enhancing satisfactory user experiences which in turn may increase users' intention to continued using smartwatches.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.59-78
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• 2018

With the advent of the various device types and marketing communication, customer's search and purchase behavior have become more complex and segmented. However, extant research on multichannel marketing effects of the purchase funnel has not reflected the specific features of device User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX). In this study, we analyzed the marketing channel effects of multi-device shoppers using a unique click stream dataset from global online retailers. We examined device types that activate online shopping and compared the differences between marketing channels that promote visits. In addition, we estimated the direct and indirect effects on visits and purchase revenue through customer's accumulated experience and channel conversions. The findings indicate that the same customer selects a different marketing channel according to the device selection. These results can help retailers gain a better understanding of customers' decision-making process in multi-marketing channel environment and devise the optimal strategy taking into account various device types. Our empirical analyses yield business implications based on the significant results from global big data analytics and contribute academically meaningful theoretical framework using an economic model. We also provide strategic insights attributed to the practical value of an online marketing manager.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.472-483
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• 2024

This study evaluated the attitudes of the Korean population towards sunscreen use through the Health Belief Model (HBM) construct and investigated the psychological factors that influence sunscreen use. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted from 1 November 2023 to 1 January 2024, and a total of 303 participants were collected. The collected data were analysed using SPSS v. 25.0 programme using Cronbach's 𝛼, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, independent samples t-test, one way ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study showed that the mean score of sunscreen use was 3.26±1.384 out of 5, and there was a significant correlation between the variables of the health belief model and sunscreen use (p<.01). Gender, age, and skin colour were also associated with each variable, with women, the elderly, and those with lighter skin tending to be more proactive in sun protection. Multiple regression analyses revealed that self-efficacy (𝛽=.629, p<.001) and perceived vulnerability (𝛽=.139, p<.001), sub-factors of the Health Belief Model, had a statistically significant positive effect on sunscreen use, while perceived barriers (𝛽=-.261, p<.001) had a statistically significant negative effect on sunscreen use. These results may have important theoretical implications for the development and implementation of educational programmes to promote sunscreen use by providing insight into the psychosocial factors that influence sun protection.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.549-561
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• 2024

Background and Objectives: The efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) may depend on renal function, and this raises theoretical concern over its effects on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: This systematic review and updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared cardiovascular outcomes of patients with T2DM and CKD treated with SGLT2i to placebo. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were systematically searched. Prespecified subgroup analyses were performed in strata of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <45 mL/min/1.73 m² and 45 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m². Results: Nine RCTs comprising 29,146 patients were selected. Average follow-up ranged from 0.75 to 4.2 years. SGLT2i were shown to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79-0.97; p=0.01), the composite of cardiovascular mortality or hospitalizations for heart failure (HHF: HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.65-0.78; p<0.001), cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.98; p=0.02), HHF (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.55-0.71; p<0.001), major adverse cardiovascular events (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.77-0.94; p=0.002), stroke (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.97; p=0.03), and myocardial infarction (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.91; p=0.001). These findings were consistent over strata of eGFR, albeit with a lower incidence of stroke in patients treated with SGLT2i with eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m² (p-value for interaction=0.04). Conclusions: Compared with a placebo, patients with T2DM and CKD treated with SGLT2i experience a reduction in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and HHF.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.73-91
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• 2013

Advertising market has been facing new challenges due to dramatic change in advertising channels and the advent of innovative media such as mobile devices. Recent research related to mobile devices is mainly focused on the fact that mobile devices could identify users'physical location in real-time, and this sheds light on how location-based technology is utilized to achieve competitive advantage in advertising market. With the introduction of smartphone, the functionality of smartphone has become much more diverse and context awareness is one of the areas that require further study. This work analyses the influence of context awareness value resulted from the transformation of advertising channel in mobile communication market, and our research result reflects recent trend in advertising market environment which is not considered in previous studies. Many constructs has intensively been studied in the context of advertising channel in traditional marketing environment, and entertainment, irritation and information are considered to be the most widely accepted variables that has positive relationship with advertising value. Also, in smartphone advertisement, four main dimensions of context awareness value are recognized: identification, activity, timing and location. In this study, we assume that these four constructs has positive relationship with context awareness value. Finally, we propose that advertising value and context awareness value positively influence smartphone advertising attitude. Partial Least Squares (PLS) structural model is used in our theoretical research model to test proposed hypotheses. A well designed survey is conducted for college students in Korea, and reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity of constructs and measurement indicators are carefully evaluated and the results show that reliability and validity are confirmed according to predefined statistical criteria. Goodness-of-fit of our research model is also supported. In summary, the results collectively suggest good measurement properties for the proposed research model. The research outcomes are as follows. First, information has positive impact on advertising value while entertainment and irritation have no significant impact. Information, entertainment and irritation together account for 38.8% of advertising value. Second, along with the change in advertising market due to the advent of smartphone, activity, timing and location have positive impact on context awareness value while identification has no significant impact. In addition, identification, activity, location and time together account for 46.3% of context awareness value. Third, advertising value and context awareness value both positively influence smartphone advertising attitude, and these two constructs explain 31.7% of the variability of smartphone advertising attitude. The theoretical implication of our research is as follows. First, the influence of entertainment and irritation is reduced which are known to be crucial factors according to previous studies related to advertising value, while the influence of information is increased. It indicates that smartphone users are not likely interested in entertaining effect of smartphone advertisement, and are insensitive to the inconvenience due to smartphone advertisement. Second, in today' ubiquitous computing environment, it is effective to provide differentiated advertising service by utilizing smartphone users'context awareness values such as identification, activity, timing and location in order to achieve competitive business advantage in advertising market. For practical implications, enterprises should provide valuable and useful information that might attract smartphone users by adopting differentiation strategy as smartphone users are sensitive to the information provided via smartphone. Also enterprises not only provide useful information but also recognize and utilize smarphone users' unique characteristics and behaviors by increasing context awareness values. In summary, our result implies that smartphone advertisement should be optimized by considering the needed information of smartphone users in order to maximize advertisement effect.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.55-82
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• 2017

The purpose of this research is to provide implications for the development of age-friendly industry of Korea by analyzing the age-friendly industry activation policy suggested by the Presidential Committee on Ageing Society and Population Policy in response to the population ageing problems. Policy and theoretical implications are derived from an analysis of age-friendly industry activation policy as directly related to the improvement of the three major problems (i.e. health, economy, and loneliness) of Korean older people. This analysis focuses on its specific content, common and core logic, and the validity of the logic. The results show that: 1)the first Plan for Ageing Society and Population suggests a policy for improving poverty, 2)the second Plan for Ageing Society and Population suggests a policy for improving health, and 3)the third Plan for Ageing Society and Population suggests a policy for improving health and loneliness. All policies not only are commonly based on the logically limited concepts of successful ageing and active ageing, but also are characterized by narrow realm, insufficient content, and fragmented policy. The results result in the following policy implications: 1)the age-friendly industry activation policy should be developed with continuity, sufficiency, and diversity, 2)lessons from the limitation related with the de-contextualisation of successful ageing and its elective affinity with consumer capitalism, 3)lessons from the prevention-oriented perspective of active ageing, and 4)lessons from the social characteristics of (non-)psychological resources, limitation of the reablement related with social investment state. The analyses also provide a theoretical implication that a different perspective on the social construct of ageing is needed beyond the dichotomy of ageing based on modelling ageing. Lastly, the paper suggests not only the limitation of the research but also the preferred follow-up studies regarding age-friendly industry activation policy.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.469-506
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• 2019

More than a few existing studies on popular narratives that pay attention to 'place' tend to adopt as their theoretical framework the celebrated distinction between space and place. According to this distinction, to put it simply, space is allegedly mobile, whereas place is static. Given this distinction, and in this age of high-mobility, where the spaces of mobilities seem to rapidly and extensively undermine the places of immobilities, would studies on popular narratives focusing on 'place' still remain convincing? Referring to David Seamon's recent book Life Takes Place: Phenomenology, Lifeworlds, and Place Making, this article aims to consider the possibility of studies on popular narratives in the era of high-mobility. To explore the concept of 'place' through phenomenological methodology, Seamon's book uses a theoretical framework called the 'progressive approximation,' which is attentive to synergistic relationality. According to this approach, the place should first be put under scrutiny as a whole, i.e. as the monad of place. Phenomenological studies on the monad of place as a whole identify places as the fundamental condition for human beings. Then, in accordance with the 'progressive' order of research, places are studied as dyads, i.e. as binary oppositions. Through these analyses, movement/rest, insideness/outsideness, the ordinary/the extra-ordinary, the within/the without, homeworld/alienworld are identified as the five dyads of place. To make a detour around these binary oppositions and confrontations, however, phenomenological studies on place now advance to the higher order of six place triads including place interaction, place identity, place release, place realization, place intensification, and place creation, whereby the study of place progressively approaches the 'approximate' essence of place. Reflectively asking himself about the idea of 'place' in the high-mobility era, the author of this informative and insightful book submits an answer that place is still the fundamental sine qua non of human beings. However, this answer is more likely to be bounded by the binary opposition of space/place, and movement/rest accordingly. In this article, I suggest as an alternative and hopefully more promising answer a perspective of transcending this kind of a dead-end dichotomy and of performing 'place-making' through the mobilities themselves, while presenting a noticeable example of the manner in which research on popular narratives could begin from this perspective.