• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 1979

This study was performed to investigated of characteristics of male diploma nursing students. Data were collected by means of a mailed questionnaire. The sample included 29 respondents from 3 diploma nursing colleges during the period of Nov. 1st-15th, 1978. Major findings included. 1 ) Motive by which the objects of this investigation have chosen the science of nursing. Twenty-one (72.4%) responded, “As nursing occupation is a public welfare work, ”the highest rate, eighteen (62.3%) chose on advices of their parents and acquaintances. Seventeen (58.6%) reflected as a means of life with an occupation in hope of employment abroad. 2) Appreciation of nursing occupation. Twenty-two (75.9%) of opinions that the nursing job is called for by society was pre-dominent. While eighteen (62.1%) replied, “It is the job fit for the male sex, too.”“It is admitted as specialized occupation.”, or“It needs various human relation.”3) Degree of satisfaction wilt the science of nursing. Fifteen (51.7%) responded neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, while eight (27.6％) indicated as “satisfied”and four (13.8%) as“dissatisfied.”4) Degree of satisfaction with the faculty. Sixteen (55.2%) replied, “common, ”the highest, while ten (34.5%) indicated as“dissatisfied, ”two (6.9%) as“satisfied.”The reason for dissatisfaction with the faculty; The responses regarding dissatisfaction was twenty-three (79.3%) as insufficiency of the faculty. Thirteen (44.8%) indicated“the lack of personal cultivation of the faculty.”, And eleven (37.9%) indicated as“the quantitive shortage of the faculty, ”or“the vagueness of learning estimation.”5) Degree of satisfaction with the clinical, training. Eight (27.6%) responded as“common, ”or “dissatisfied, ”while seven (24.1%) indicated as“satisfied.”Reason for dissatisfaction with the training ; Twenty (69.0％) indicated“deficiency of personal treatment to the students of the men of business in the hospital”with respect to the reason, eighteen (62.1％) was indicated as gap between theory and practice, while eleven (37.9%) indicated“insufficiency of the equipment and materials of the hospital.”6) Interest in employment after graduation. Twenty-five (86.2%) indicated“going abroad”while fifteen (51.7％) indicated “education of nursing, ”which were the highest responses. Thirteen (44.8%) chose“Community Health Nursing (Health Center, Industrial Health).”7) Interest an employment during clinical nursing. Sixteen (55.2%) was interested in an operating room or the department of anesthesia, while fifteen (51.7%) was indicated “psychiatry, ”Eight (21.6%) chose a intensive care unit or a emergency room.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.163-187
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• 2006

Taxonomic studies were conducted to evaluate the interspecific relationships in Viola albida var. albida and its related taxa using seven populations for morphology, palynology and anatomy. Molecular phylogenetic studies were also examined in 28 populations including 19 Korean, four Chinese, two Japanese, one American population and two outgroups using nrITS, and 27 populations except V pinnata for trnL-F region of chloroplast DNA. Morphological differences was observed among seven populations of three species in leaf shape, but characters such as serrate number of leaf margins, petal size, pistil shape were showed overlap between populations. Pollen shape of seven populations was monad and grain shape on the polar axis was semi-angular. Morphology of aperture was tri-colporate, and the surface sculpturing was scabrate in rugulate. The grain shape of equatorial view of five populations was prolate whereas V albida var. taknhashii type 1 and V albida var. chaerophylloides type 3 were subprolate. The anatomical characters of rnidvein of leaf, petiole, peduncle, root were also described for the species. The stomatal apparatus of the leaves was observed only in abaxial surface, and the number of stoma per unit ($mm^2$) were abundant in incised than lobate or cleft margin of the leaves. The nrITS analysis shows that V. pinnata and V. dissecta was monophyletic and occupied a basal position in the V. albida var. albida and its related taxa. The other clade including infraspecific populations of V. albida, and V. eizanensis was paraphyletic. The trnL-F noncoding region analysis was similar to the ITS tree. According to the above observations in morphology, palynology, anatomy, and molecular phylogenetic analysis, the significant differences were not found except for leaf shape in Viola albida var. albida and its related taxa, therefore V. albida var. takanhashii and V. albida var. chaerophylloides were considered to be an infraspecific taxa of V. albida var. albida rather than an independent species, subvariety or variety of V. pinnata and V. dissecta.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.203-215
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• 1999

Floating debris was recorded from a training ship, Kaya, of Pukyong National University with about 12 knots speed at July 19~21, 1999 and July 24~26. The sampled area is the Yellow Sea (YS) connected from Cheju Is. of Korea to Qindao harbor of China, divided into 88 unit segments on survey routes. Debris fabrication materials were categorized with 6 items using the following; man-made or natural wood items, paper and cardboard, nylon netting and rope, styrofoams, vinyl and plastics, floating metal and glass containers. All identified items within a $120{\pm}20m$ wide band were recorded but ignored if beyond this boundary. The results of distribution of floating debris in the area are as follows: 1. The greatest quantities of marine debris discovered during the survey were $184pieces\;per\;km^2$ near Qindao harbor. The next polluted areas, Sohuksan islands, positioned in the eastern part of YS were scattered in about $40pieces/km^2$ or so. 2. Among items, woods, paper and cardboard, vinyl and plastics were found out near Qindao Coast of China. On the other hand, there were many styrofoams, nylon netting and rope near the area of Sohuksan islands in the eastern part of YS. 3. The distribution densities of western part of YS near Qindao are varied with largely range in items and quantities but those of the eastern part, near Sohuksan islands were nearly constant. 4. Styrofoams were composed of 63% among all debris in YS, next paper and cardboard 15%, and wood item, vinyl and plastics each 10%. Therefore, marine debris of YS is revealed that distribution characteristics and composition are very different in each area. These phenomena are concluded that they largely depend on the life styles in land and the utilities of the sea. And of items, styrofoams is dominated by the distribution pattern of YS. Furthermore, surveys are continuously being investigated, and from this it is hoped that a much wider coverage can be achieved, perhaps all sites of the YS and contributed to the finding sources, the stationary area and removal method of debris joined the flow patterns.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.56-61
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• 2005

This study was carried out to elucidate the proper nitrogen application level considering rice quality in Honam plain area from 2002 to 2004 at the paddy field of Honam Agricultural Research Institute. The rice cultivars tested were Samcheonbyeo (Early maturing one), Hwaseongbyeo (Medium maturing one) and Nampyeongbyeo (Mid-late maturing one). The results are summarized as follows: The higher amount of nitrogen application resulted in greater number of panicle and grain in per unit area, but the rate of ripening and the 1,000-grain weight of brown rice decreased. The protein contents showed a tendency of increase with higher nitrogen level. The head rice yield increased by the higher nitrogen application up to 7 kg/10a for Samcheonbyeo and Hwaseongbyeo, and 9 kg/10a for Nampyeongbyeo respectively. The appropriate nitrogen application amounts, with respect to the yield of head rice, the rate of ripening and the quality of rice were found to be in range of 7 to 9 kg/10a.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.263-271
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• 2019

The recent phenomenon of job "Miss Match", which is inconsistent with knowledge in the demand of educational training institutes and industries, has spread to an increase in private education costs for reeducation and employment of new hires, resulting in weak individual job competency and poor employment capability, as well as economic and material waste at the national level. To compensate for these problems, the National Competency Standards(NCS), which are available immediately in practice and look for a standard point of national job competency with the aim of fostering human resources sought by industries, were developed, and even the NCS-based qualification system was launched in line with the stream of times. This study is intended to look into the importance and priority of competency units and competency unit elements at the NCS-based qualification L3 level in the skin care field for an overall check of the NCS-based qualification level at a time when educational institutes are organizing and operating the school curriculums according to the NCS and NCS-based qualification level. And it is attempted to provide basic data for the development of curriculum in fostering professional human resources required by industries. To analyze the needs for competency units and competency unit elements at the L3 level, a survey using AHP method was carried out to a group of field experts and a group of education experts. In addition, the SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Science) ver. 21.0 and Expert Choice 2000, an AHP-only solution was used to do statistical processing through the processes of data coding and data cleaning. The findings showed that there was a partial difference of opinion between a group of field experts and a group of education experts. This indicates that the inconsistencies between educational training institutes and industrial sites should be resolved at this time of change with the aim of fostering field customized human resources with professional skills. Consequently, the solution is to combine jobs at industrial sites and standardized educations of educational institutes with human resources required at industrial sites.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.4
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• pp.476-487
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• 2001

In this study, three tree species (Populus euramericana, Kalopanax pictus and Quercus serrata) exhibiting different levels of shade tolerance were employed to investigate photosynthetic responses to the lower light condition on forest floors. Chlorophyll contents, spectral properties and photosynthetic characteristics were examined by using the tree species grown under high light intensity (PPFD $920{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$) or low light intensity (PPFD $80{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$). Plants grown under the low light intensity tended to have reduced leaf area, chlorophyll content per unit leaf area, light absorption and respiration in the shade intolerant tree species of P. euramericana. However, the shade tolerant species K. pictus and Q. serrata showed increased leaf area, chlorophyll content and net apparent quantum yield. Therefore, light absorption and light utilization efficiency were improved under the low light intensity. Also shade tolerant species maintained activities of photosystems and $CO_2$ fixation systems with little changes in low light intensity condition.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2013

The Ministry of Education issues STEAM education as a part of convergence. Most important is "How to achieve goals of STEAM education". The goal of this paper searches possibilities that robot is a good tool for STEAM education. The main topic is photosynthesis unit as circumstantiation and "Deep sea exploration robot", is creative activity, in elementary science subject. Students complete 13 basic course about robot, then accomplish subject-oriented 10 robot application course about above topic. Basic course contains math and science elements that students learn in regular curriculum. Application course is organized following steps, photosynthesis with oxygen sensors, brainstorming, idea derivation, robot design, robot construction, demo and presentation and so on. These courses have elements of STEAM. Finally teacher has face-to-face meeting with parents and students. Most have positive aspects about this process in terms of creativity, study attitude, and school life. Specially low-ranking students win a prize in robot competition. So they can gain confidence and accomplishment. This paper don't show statistic chart, but we surely knew that robot education for STEAM education seriously affect creativity huminity and job search.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 1984

The Chili fish, one of the most common species of the freshwater fishes, is distributed in the river basins of the western coast of Korea. However, any studies on this fish, especially its development or life history, have not been made so far. The authors, therefore, carried out an experiment to reveal some characteristics of egg develoment and fry in this fish. For accomplshing this study, we caught some adult Chili fish by means of a casting net at raceway in the vicinity of Kunsan in June and July, 1983; then, we injected 0. 1 cc Gonadotrophic hormone 1,000 unit solution (Puberogen) in order to induce the spawning on the abdominal cavity of male and female respectively, Approximately 12 hours after injection, the artificially fertilized eggs by using of the dry method and the naturally fertilized eggs were observed simultaneously in the aquarium ($30{\times}50{\times}70cm$). The fertilized eggs, in spherical shape, were sperative, demersel, adhesive nature and $1.38{\sim}1.59\;mm$ in diameter. The light yellow yolk was opaque and $1.17{\sim}l.27\;mm$ in diameter. The hatching of eggs took place at 29.5 hours after fertilization under the condition of $23.5{\sim}25.0^{\circ}C$ water temperature. Basically there were not found so many different aspects in comparison with the common species of Cyprinidae in the development process of eggs : however, there were a few noticable characteristics, that is, pigment cells, eye balls and blood circulation are invisible, or the velocity of egg development is rapid, seemed similar to the Loach's egg. Newly hatched larvae with the yolk sac (2.39 mm in size) were $3.87{\sim}3.99\;mm$ in total length and their myotome number was expressed as 28+15=43. About 20 hours after hatching, a caudal and a pectoral fin as well as an anus began to orgin. In addition, a few malanophore showed on the upper regin of the yolk sac of the larvae whose size was 4.73 mm in total length. The larvae developed about 5.02 mm in total length, and the median fin fold in the abdomen extended forward to two thirds or beyond of the yolk sac at 50 hours after hatching. Simultaneously, the eye balls and mouth also appeared. After 3 days, the yolk sac nearly disappeared, and the larvae (5.4 mm in total length) with perfect eye balls began to swim for themselves for the first time. Also, the specialization between the gill arches and the ailmentary canal, the development of each fins except dorsal fin as well as the blood circulation obviously distinguished in this stage. The larvae whose total length was 5.68 mm was very brisk: also, the development of the dorsal fin rudiment, nearly perfect formation of each organs and the function of the upper and lower jaws were noticeably observed 5 days after hatching.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.111-121
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to survey elementary pre-service teachers' in understand the legal Units, focusing on seven basic unit such a 'm', 'm2', 'L', 'kg', 'K', 'cd', 's'. This study specifically investigates whether the students understand the legal units. The subjects were 1096 students from the University of Education in Jinju, Gyeongnam. Data was collected through a questionnaire which was designed by this research and checked by authority, and the frequency and percentage of responses to each question were obtained and analysed. The survey was the legal units on interesting, using the experience of confusing and understanding of elementary pre-service teachers. The Korea Government is regulating using traditional measures such as 'pyeong' or 'don' in commercial transactions change to adopt the metric system for as a subsidiary the first of July, 2007. The interesting of the legal units dose not exceed a positive answer to the question 52.1%. Their were answered that the experience of the confused of 60.1% in the life. How to do efforts for the settle down of the legal units that answered broadcasting>in class>a campaign>study and training by an academic year in oder. Findings show regardless of academic year, gender and from the department of liberal arts or the science department all the students knew very well that 'm' '$m^2$', 'L', 'kg' are included in the legal units, compared to the others low percentage of 'K', 'cd' and 's' the legal units. In case of time(s), women has correct answered 2.7 times than man. In case of academic year, except for the third-year students was not to exceed 50%. In case of from the department of liberal arts or the science department contrary to one's expectations increase of 50% or more correct answer while half the students scored in science. The elementary pre-service teachers are seems to thinking separate the legal units with their in university life. Also elementary pre-service teachers are the lack of interest on society. Their should be for settle down of the legal units through learning to class in university, newspapers, strengthen publicity activities of broadcast media's further more by maintenance efforts of the government.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.5 s.94
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• pp.376-382
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• 2005

Avermectin (AVM) $B_{1a}$ produced by Streptomyces avermitilis via polyketide pathway is a secondary metabolite with powerful anthelmintic and insecticidal activities, thus being used as an efficient agent in the field of agriculture and animal health. It has been reported that a precursor for AVM $B_{1a}$ biosynthesis was isoleucine and the biosynthetic pathway of AVM $B_{1a}$ was closely similar to that of fatty acid. Based on understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of AVM $B_{1a}$, we intended to screen various mutants resistant against O-methyl threonine (OMT), an isoleucine-anti metabolite, and/or mutants resistant against p-fluoro phenoxy acetic acid (pFAC), an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis. It was inferred that these mutants could produce AVM $B_{1a}$ more efficiently, due to the acquired capability of not only overproducing isoleucine intracellularly but also channelling metabolized carbon-sources into the polyketide pathway, thus leading to enhanced biosynthesis of AVM $B_{1a}$. The resulting mutant (PFA-1 strain) resistant against 100 ppm of pFAC was able to produce approximately 42 fold higher amount of AVM $B_{1a}$ compared to the parallel mother strain (4,200 vs. 100 units/l). In addition, through the process of continuous strain improvement program carried out by gradually increasing the OMT concentration, it was possible to obtain a more attractive mutant with greater AVM $B_{1a}$ production capacity (9,000 units/l). Notable was that significantly higher producer (12,000 units/l) could be selected through further screening of the resistant mutants, this time, to even higher concentration of PFAC. Meanwhile, through the analysis of AVM Bla production histograms (i.e., number of strains according to their AVM $B_{1a}$ biosynthetic ability) for the earlier strains in comparison with the high producers having the characteristics of resistance to OMT and pFAC, it was found that production stability of the high-yielding producers were remarkably improved, as demonstrated by the fact that larger proportion of the mutated strains had greater capability of AVM $B_{1a}$ biosynthesis ($71\%$ in the range between 5,000 and 7,000 units/L; $47\%$ in the range between 6,000 and 7,000 units/l). Based on these consequences, it was concluded that the rational screening strategy based on the understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of AVM $B_{1a}$ was very effective in obtaining high-yielding mutants with the features of enhanced production stability.