• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• 제7권6호
• /
• pp.1407-1415
• /
• 2006

Japan started to colonize Korea in 1910. It's when It forced and made Chosun sign on the Treaty of Protectorate. The Chosun faithfully practiced Japan's colonial policy over Korea. Futhermore, it stopped many Koreans from an anti-Japanese movement and tried to make Koreans have a positive attitude towards Japan. For this, Japan advertised the policy called Nae-sun-il-che which meant Korea and Japan were a community together from the same root. Ultimately, it targeted on absorbing Korea within their territory. With this goal, Japan kept on practicing the policy to acculturize and brainwash Koreans, totally depending on force and pressure from 1910 to 1919. However, this policy had changed by the overall anti-Japanese movement happening on March 1st 1919. Saito, the third governor-general who was appointed laster on, made an effort to win over He favor of Koreans in a less forceful way of the cultural politics. The change of policy had been specified in diverse actions such as permitting civil mass-media bodies forming the observation groups and opening conferences. In the case of daily newspapers, Japan had permitted only the ones by the Government-General of Chosun such as Maeil-shinbo, Kyunsung-ilbo, and Seoul Press before, but then other civil newspapers In Korean stated to be released. Along His Japan formed both Korean and Japanese observation groups to promote the mutual understanding and showed off Japan's goods in the propaganda films by implementing a film department. It's because Japan totally recognized and understood the impact of films. Therefore, Japan distincitively established a film agency for the production of propaganda movies while it banned the civil film production after 1937 when Japan started the war against China and USA in row. So, only one film agency, ruled by the Government-General of Chosun, produced movies from 1942 to 1945.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.143-161
• /
• 2014

While dCollections of Korea have been initiated by a government for metadata harvesting, institutional repositories of Japan have been managed as instituion's independent tool for not only collectiong, archiving and distributing their intellecture assets, but also realizing open access. This study analyzes IRDB of Japanese statistically for understanding features of institutional repositories and by clustering the repository on the basis of types of contents, the differences have been brightened. According to analysis result, Japanese repository contains diverse types of contents, such as journal articles;scholarly papers, text books and technical reports. etc. and clustered by five distinguished group with different contents type.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• 제28권7호
• /
• pp.789-802
• /
• 2007

This study investigated pre-service elementary teachers' understanding of the basic concepts of and their attitudes toward astronomy in Korea and Japan. The survey instrument called the Astronomy Diagnostic lest (ADT) that was developed by the Collaboration for Astronomy Education Research (CAER) in 1998 was used and modified to tailor to the two countries' contexts, including 12 items written in the two languages, Korean and Japanese. The attitudes toward astronomy were examined by the Survey of Attitudes toward Astronomy (SATA), which was developed by Zeilik et al. in 1999. Cronbach's alpha of this sample of the study was 0.69, while the reliability of SATA was 0.87. All the pre-service elementary teachers in both Korea and Japan showed a low-level understanding of the basic concepts of astronomy. 38% of Korean pre-service elementary teachers had correct answers to the questions regarding the basic conceptions of astronomy, while 37% of Japanese participants had correct answers to them. Although there was no statistically significant difference between Korean and Japanese pre-service elementary teachers, Korean teachers scored higher than Japanese participants in SATA. A significant difference, however, was revealed in the categories of cognitive competence and value of the attitudes toward astronomy (p <.05). In addition, it was found that both Korean and Japanese pre-service elementary teachers scored less than 40% about the basic concepts of astronomy and that they obtained lower scores than the US college students with regard to the attitudes toward astronomy.

• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 한국암석학회.한국광물학회 2002년도 공동학술발표회 한국암석학회 창립10주년 기념 국제학술발표회
• /
• pp.1-3
• /
• 2002

The eastward extension of the suture zone between the Sino-Korea and Yangtze cratons in the Korean Peninsula and Japanese islands remains debatable (Hiroi, 1981; Cluzel et al., 1991; Yin and Nie, 1993; Sohma and Kunugiza, 1993; Isozaki, 1997; Arakawa et at., 2000), and is related to our understanding of the continent-continent collision orogeny. The collision orogeny varies in tectono-metamorphic processes and the timing differs from place to place, as exemplified by the absence of coesite and micro-diamond in the Korean Peninsula and Japanese islands, because it is a long-lived process of more than several tens of million years from subduction to exhumation in the Wilson cycle, and because the suture zone extends more than several thousand kilometers with a curved shape from the Qinling area of China to the Hida highland area of Japan. Hiroi (1981) is the first paper to correlate the Unazuki metamorphic rocks of the Hida metamorphic belt in Japan with the Ogcheon belt in the Korean Peninsula based on the presence of 240 Ma medium P/T metamorphic rocks in both belts, but there is a lack of recent studies on this correlation. To resolve the correlationship, there are two approaches: 1) petrological studies characterizing the origin and P-T history of rocks and 2) in-situ micro-dating of fine-grained, zoned minerals of zircon, monazite, uraninite and thorite using the EPMA (U-Th-Pb chemical dating or CHIME depending on calibration method) and the SHRIMP (Sensitive High-resolution ion Microprobe) to decipher the timing of geological events. As a first step of these approaches, micro-dating was undertaken to rocks of the Hida metamorphic belt and its Mesozoic cover (Tetori Group) in the Hida highland area, central Japan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• 제96권5호
• /
• pp.503-509
• /
• 2007

The major objective of this study was to analyze the difference of the chemical characteristics of acid deposition in Quercus forests in Korea and Japan. The pH values of rainfall at the experimental forest of Kangwon National University (KS site) were higher than those at the Foresta Hills in Japan (JP site), and all chemical contents of throughfall and stemflow were much higher than those of rainfall in Quercus forest stands at the KS and JP site. The pH values, $Ca^{2+}$, $NO_3{^-}$ and $SO{_4}^{2-}$ concentration of throughfall and stemflow at the KS site showed seasonal variation. While at the JP site, the same pattern was shown in the pH values of throughfall and stemflow, however, did not show any difference among seasons. Also, the annual input of all nutrients in these two contrasting forests varied seasonally. These results can be used to predict the amounts of air pollutant that are washed off and leached by the rainfall and Yellow Sand (Asian dust), including NOx and SOx acid pollutants transported easterly from China in the spring. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify the inputs of dry and wet deposition throughout a full year to gain a more complete understanding of the effects of acid deposition on the nutrient cycles in these forest ecosystems.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
• /
• 제16권
• /
• pp.151-166
• /
• 2003

Contemporary Buddhist scholarship in Korea has been strongly affected by its origins in the Victorian era, when Western religious scholars sought to rationalize and historicize the study of religion. Modern Korean scholars, trained within the Western scholarly paradigm, share this prejudice which tends toward the rational. The result is a skewed understanding of Buddhism, emphasizing its philosophical and theoretical aspects at the expense of seemingly "irrational" religious elements based on the direct experience of meditation practice. This paper seeks to look at the historical context in which modern Korean Buddhist scholarship had been shaped during the colonial period of Japan. Two case studies will be examined particularly in the light of post-colonial perspectives of Buddhist studies: the case of Jonghong Bak(1903-1976) and the case of Donghwa Gim(1902-1980), two pioneering scholars in the field of Buddhist studies. They share similarities as well as differences. Both were born and active at almost the same period, during which Korean peninsula experienced modernization forced upon by Japanese colonialism. And thus, the experience of colonialism and modernization brought them into conflict between tradition and modernity. Their responses, however, were different. Pak, originally trained in Western philosophy, especially German philosophy, wanted to study Korean Buddhism in the context of the so-called Korean Philosophy per se. He was motivated to seek for the national and cultural identity of Korea. And thus his scholarship on Korean Buddhism naturally led him to look for an original Korean Buddhism distinct from the Buddhism of India, China and Japan. On the other hand, Gim, who became a monk in his youth, later went to Japan for college where he was exposed to modern Buddhist scholarship. He was the first to introduce modern Buddhist scholarship to Korea, and since then, contemporary Korean Buddhist scholarship owes much to his contributions. Despite his contributions to contemporary Korean Buddhist scholarship, if we look at his efforts in the light of post-colonial perspective, his ideas need to be reevaluate.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.199-212
• /
• 2020

In evaluating the competitiveness of construction companies and their development strategies, patents are a useful and objective source of technical information. In this study, the cutting-edge technologies of construction industries of China, Japan, and South Korea were investigated based on the data of patent applications filed by a total of 15 construction companies (five companies from each country). The related technologies were classified into six core technology groups based on their keywords. After that, we used four patent analysis methods: time series analysis, IP (Intellectual Property) emergence level analysis, spiral module analysis, and OS (Object-Solution) Matrix analysis, to identify the promising technologies/vacant technologies for global construction companies in China, Japan, and South Korea, and to analyze the technical competitiveness of the three countries. The findings of this study showed that each country can claim a relative technological advantage over the others. Overall, 3D printing and offsite construction technology, data acquisition technology, AR and VR technology are expected to be promising in the Asian region. The present study contributes to the body of knowledge by expanding our understanding of technological innovation for the competitiveness of companies and the technology development strategies pursued by the construction industries of China, Japan, and South Korea.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.36-59
• /
• 1999

Fundamental advances in the biotechnologies are exerting a profound influence on the health care, agricultural, industrial chemical, environmental, and other industrial fields. Korean government are now more and more realizing the importance of biotechnology as a main technology for the 21st century. But any technical progress is largely the result of a complex set of relationships among the firms, institutions and others involved in development. So understanding the complexity is very important to make promoting strategies and it is even critical in the field of biotechnology. The reason is that commercialization of research results in biotechnology is strongly related with the national science bases provided by academic and public institutes. And its applicable industrial sectors are very diverse. So it is very important to make a effective collaboration system among many R&D related agents. This article discusses and compares both USA and Japanese framework of national innovation systems in the field of biotechnology. The American Innovation system encourages basic research in the biological sciences, and fosters the creation of small venture firms that focus on the development of novel products. America's peculiar incentive structure, derived from its research and educational system, financial system, and regulatory environment has driven USA labs and firms to the forefront of many biotechnology fields. The Japanese institutional environment in contrast, supported the strategy of building production expertise. Firms were urged to use the new techniques as a way of leapfrogging into a second generation of bio-products, in that cost and production advantages count. But the strategy was not effective as expected and Japanese firms have remained competent but not prominent rivals. The differing situations in USA and Japan with regard to biotechnology have many suggestions for our bioindustry. In the conclusion of this article, we translate USA and Japan's experiences to some suggestions which guide for promoting Korea's biotechnology R&D and commercialization activities.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 2008

Most of these cultural spaces are Western architecture which is completely unrelated to our traditional style. In Japan's colonial rule of Korea these Western formation flowed in and passed on by them. Therefore before the understanding of modem cultural space built in Japan's colonial rule of Korea, it's essential to study about the background of the western period in that time, architecture and trend of interior. Due to Great Depression and other reasons the economical modernism of architecture raised in this period. In this thesis, based on such background of period, cultural space has been divided into assembly, theatre and exhibition spaces. Those spaces were studied according to its expressional characteristics and brought to following conclusion from the analysis. The cultural spaces were created around 1930 due to an increase of demand when the modernism started to establish. Like other buildings cultural space expressed modernized elevation and space formation with ferroconcrete building. However until Japan's colonial period the cultural areas were not used for public but for Japanese authority class's social gatherings only. Consequently, unlike other buildings the classical elements that could express these characters were more used in cultural spaces especially in theater and exhibition areas. This distinctiveness didn't appear separately but according to type of rooms in one space. Once more, place like assembly space was expressed with modernism, special or recreation rooms where people pursue a comfort were expressed with decorative style. Also a special theater which was used for only one person was generally expressed with western style to represent the stem character such as power.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 2015

This study verifies the change in market conditions in the Korea-China and Korea-Japan car ferry routes. Variation in historical development has led to differences in the lifecycle stages of these two car ferry shipping markets. However, previous studies have focused on individual car ferry routes rather than offering a more general understanding of this market. Based on the foregoing, we investigate the international car ferry market conditions from/to Korean ports, assess the management performances of car ferry companies, analyze the lifecycle stages of each car ferry route, and offer insights into the future of these markets. We show that the competitive market conditions and demands of passengers and cargoes differ between these routes. As for the market stage, we conclude that the Korea-China route is entering a mature market, whereas the Korea-Japan route is entering a declining stage.