• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.459-464
• /
• 2009

Data and pedigree information for Lori-Bakhtiari sheep used in this study were 6,239 records of lamb mortality from 246 sires and 1,721 dams, collected from 1989 through 2007 from a Lori-Bakhtiari flock at Shooli station in Shahrekord. The traits investigated were cumulative lamb mortality from birth up to 7 days, up to 14 days, up to 21 days, and up to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 months of age. The models included fixed factors that had significant effects and random direct genetic, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects. Variance components were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood procedure applying three animal models with and without maternal and common environmental effects. The overall mean of cumulative lamb mortality rate was 22.95% from birth to 1 year of age, while the overall mortality rate up to 3 and from 3 to 6 months of age was 6.14% and 12.76%, respectively. The mortality rate after 6 months of age declined as the lambs grew older. The age of dam had no important effect on lamb mortality. The type of birth was more important during the preweaning period than at later ages, and lamb mortality rate was higher in twins. The year of birth, month of birth and sex of lamb significantly (p${\leq}$0.01) affected the cumulative lamb mortality rate at all ages. The least square mean of mortality during the final one-third of the lambing period was higher than the first and middle onethird of the lambing period. Male lambs were found to be at a higher risk of mortality than females. Birth weight of the lamb had a highly significant (p${\leq}$0.01) effect on lamb mortality at all ages as a quadratic regression. Direct and maternal heritability estimates of lamb mortality ranged from 0.01 to 0.13 and 0.01 to 0.05, respectively. Direct heritability increased with age of lamb, while maternal effects (genetic and common environmental) were important in the preweaning period. These results indicate that lamb mortality can be reduced first through farm management practices and secondly by genetic selection. Both animal and maternal effects should be considered in breeding programmes for reducing lamb mortality at preweaning.

• 재활간호학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.93-109
• /
• 1998

The purpose of study is to identify the relation between pain level and perceived family support and quality of life in musculoskeletal patient with chronic pain. The subjects for the study consist of 155 patients with musculoskeletal pain that received medical treatment in hospital or by attending hospital in Chonju. The data were collected during the period from August 5 to August 14, 1998 by means of interviews with structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics. t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, Regression. Cronbach alpha using the SAS program. The result of this study were as follows : 1. The mean score of pain was 8.02, family support was 3.88 and quality of life was 3.07. 2. Hypothesis : The first hypothesis that 'The lower pain level is, the higher quality of life is' was accepted (r=-.2178, p= .0065). In addition, pain level of musculoskeletal patient with chronic pain provided predicted 4.7%(F=7.619, P= .0065) of quality of life. The second hypothesis that 'The higher perceived family support is, the lower pain level is' was rejected (r=-.0376, p= .6425). The third hypothesis that 'The higher perceived family support is, is higher quality of life is' was accepted (r= .3212, p= .0001). In addition, perceived family support of musculoskeletal patient with chronic pain provided predicted 10.31% (F=17.597, p= .0001) of quality of life. 3. General characteristics related pain were age(F=6.85, p= .0001),educational-level(F=9.29, p= .0001), occupation(F=5.81, p= .0037), marriage status(F=8.09, p= .0005), family numbers(F=5.73, p= .001), benefits of medical care(F=4.09, p= .0019), pain period(F=9.52, p= .0001), part of pain(F=2.33, p= .0352), pain period(F=3.08, p= .0181). 4. General characteristics related pain were sex(t=3.20, p= .0017), support sources(t=3.26, p= .0014), pain period(F-4.52, p= .0018). 5. General characteristics related pain were religion(t=3.11. p= .0022), benefits of medical care(F=3.61, p= .0293), pain duration(F=3.03, p= .0195). In conclusion, perceived family support in musculoskeletal patient with chronic pain is an important factor that can improve their quality of life. Therefore, nurses must establish nursing plan included patient's family when nurses carry out nursing intervention and education for patient so that a patient promote quality of life by maintaining optimal wellbeing.

• 사회복지연구
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.159-180
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 지역아동센터 이용아동을 대상으로 시간의 경과에 따른 지역아동센터 이용시간의 변화궤적을 유형화하고, 각 유형과 관련된 예측요인과 발달요인을 검증하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 지역아동센터 아동패널조사의 2기 패널자료 1차 시점(2014년)에서 3차 시점(2016년)의 자료를 활용하였고, 분석대상은 총 606명이다. 분석방법은 3년에 걸쳐 초등학생의 지역아동센터 이용시간 변화궤적의 유형을 구분하기 위해 잠재계층성장분석을 실시하였으며, 이후 다중로지스틱 회귀분석과 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 유형과 관련된 예측요인과 발달요인을 검증하였다. 분석결과, 지역아동센터 이용시간 변화궤적은 '높은 이용집단', '낮은 이용집단', '초기 고이용-급감소 이용집단'으로 분류되었으며, 예측요인으로는 성별, 부모감독, 이용기간이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 유형에 따른 발달결과의 차이를 검증한 결과 유형별로 학업성적과 학교적응은 유의미한 차이가 나타났으나 공격성과 비행행동은 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 연구결과들을 바탕으로 지역아동센터의 향후 발전방향에 대한 제언을 하였다.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.103-128
• /
• 2006

한국 사회에서 최근 중요한 사회문제들을 알아내고 1994년과 1999년 시점에서 수행된 선행 연구(한덕웅, 1994; 한덕웅·강혜자, 2000)의 결과들과 비교하여 지난 10년 동안 세 시점에서 일관되게 중요한 사회문제들은 무엇이며 어떤 변화가 나타났는지 알아냈다. 2004년에는 모두 370개 사회문제의 목록을 사용하여 전국 5개 지역의 1600명(대학생 812명, 장년 788명)에게 조사를 실시했다. 조사 대상의 과반수가 세 시점에서 일관되게 중요하다고 평가한 사회문제들은 1)정치인 부정부패/부조리, 2)환경오염, 3)입시위주 교육, 그리고 4)지방대 출신 취업난이었다. 2004년 시점에서 조사 대상의 과반수 이상이 중요하다고 지각한 사회문제들은 1)높은 실업률, 2)정치인 부정부패/부조리, 3)환경오염, 4)입시위주 교육, 5)취업난, 6)국민의 정치불신, 7)서민생활고, 8)정치적 무능, 9)신용불량자, 10)지방대 출신 취업난, 11)정치 불안, 12)공무원 부정부패였다. 이 결과로부터 최근에 경제와 아울러 정치 문제가 매우 중요하다고 반응한 사람들의 백분율이 1994년과 1999년의 두 시점보다 높아졌음을 알아냈다. 세 시점에서 모두 반응의 백분율이 50위 안에 포함되는 사회문제들만을 가려내어서 시점간 백분율 순위의 상호단순상관을 산출한 결과를 보면 5년 간격으로는 순위상관이 유의했으나 10년 간에는 순위상관이 유의하지 않았다. 이 결과는 50대의 중요한 사회문제들에서 지난 10년 사이에 중요도 순위에서 큰 변화가 있었음을 의미한다. 본 연구에서 얻은 결과들이 나타난 원인 혹은 배경이 되는 요인들과 아울러 중요한 해결 방향을 검토하고 장래 연구의 과제도 논의하였다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.91-111
• /
• 1997

An aim of this study is to find out influenced factors of satisfaction degree on the clinical practice for the dental technology student and it can be provided the basic necessary data for the educational planning of the curriculum for the clinical practice. The target of study are selected form 7 junior health college students and colleges are located in around seoul form 14 junior health college throughout the nation. The questionnaries were distributed between 24th Feb to 30th July in 1997 to the 100 dental technicians who finished clinical practice and entered profession in 1997. All collected data were analysed by using SPSS/PC, Technical Statistic, One-Way ANOVA, Ttest, Person Correnlation Coefficient, Chrobach Alpha Coefficient and the result of the study is follow. 1) The satisfaction degree were classificated as 7 aspect and overall average score was 3.042. During that period satisfaction of personal relation aspect(M=3.737) shows highest level. Satsfiaction of clinical parctice(M=3.571) shows as second, Satisfiaction of environment(M=3.028), Satisfaction of guidance(M=2.915), satisfaction of subject are ordered of their scores. According to above study satisfaction's degree of subject show lowest level. 2) According to the result of verification of study. general character of student and satisfiaction degree has not much relation with sex, location of college, religion, period for enrolling college, teaching method of clinical practice. But the result show similar relation with following items. Satisfaction if subject and satisfaction of clinical practice(P=0.000), place of clinical practice and satisfaction of clinical practice(P=0.002), Academic record of college and satisfaction of clinical practice(P=0.000). 3) The relation of satisfaction(Subject, method of teaching, environment, period, rating, personal relation) of clinical practice and age of investigation's target Older student show higher satisfaction(P=0.040). Also method of teaching, environments, period, rating, personal relation has similarities with satisfaction. Therefore student who has higher satisfaction of clinical practice they also have higher rate for subject, environment, period, personal relation. 4) The result fo investigation, most interesting subject was crown & bridge and most difficult factor was too many simple-works to the student. One of ideal factor was discussing with counselor before they choose place for clinical practice. Third grade and first semester is most efficient time for clinical practice and 8 week is proper period for clinical practice. Clinical practice is absilutory mecessary and we find out most student rated positively. However we need more specific study about satisfcation of each subject. Because it shows lowest level and we need more pay attention for planning of clinical practice.

• 대한응급의학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.423-429
• /
• 2018

Objective: Falling is a common cause of head injury in preschool aged children. We investigated the characteristics of mild head injuries caused by falling and the association between body weight and occurrence of traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted on head-injured preschool-aged children that visited the emergency department from January 2012 to December 2015. Characteristics such as age, sex, weight, free fall height, floor type, and presence of TBI, as defined as cerebral hemorrhage or skull fracture, were investigated. We calculated body weight percentiles by calibrating age and weight and categorized them into four quartile ranges. We grouped all included cases into two groups according to the presence of TBI. The characteristics of the two groups were compared by using chi-square test, and the association with TBI was investigated by using binomial logistic regression. Results: A total of 701 children were included, and TBI was observed in 95 children. Children with TBI were younger. The proportion of children with TBI was higher in the third and fourth quartiles of the body weight group as well as according to soft floor and fall from high height (${\geq}1m$). The odds of soft floor being associated with TBI was higher than the odds for hard floor (odds ratio, 2.734; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.597-4.680). The odds of high height (${\geq}1m$) being associated with TBI was higher than that for low height (odds ratio, 2.306; 95% CI, 1.155-4.601), and the odds ratio for the weight percentile group was 1.228 (95% CI, 1.005-1.499). Conclusion: Prevalence of TBI after falling in preschool-aged children might be associated with high fall-height and body weight quartiles.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.167-173
• /
• 2002

Purpose : To evaluate clinical and radiographic differential diagnosis between ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) using clinical data, plain radiographs, and CT. Materials and Methods: 25 cases of ameloblastoma and 44 cases of OKC diagnosed in biopsy, were selected from the files stored in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital from 1999 to 2001, and evaluated using following criteria: sex and age, location, shape, border to normal bone tissue, effect to adjacent tissues, homogeneity in the lumen of the lesion, response of the cortical bone, long-to-short length (LIS) ratio of the lesion, and expansion angle of the cortex. Results: Ameloblastoma and OKC were seen most frequently in third decades and no statistical significance was noted between both sexes. Ameloblastoma occurred most frequently in mandibular angle and ramus area (68%) and OKC at the maxillary molar (34.1 %), and mandibular angle and ramus area (43.2%). The root resorption of the adjacent teeth, mandibular canal displacement, and the impaction of teeth were seen more frequently in ameloblastoma than in OKC. The LIS ratio measured in CT was largest in maxillary OKC cases, followed by mandibular ameloblastoma, and mandibular OKC (1.2, 1.8 and 2.4 respectively). The expansion angle of the cortex shows a statistically significant difference between ameloblastoma (48.8°) and OKC (31.5°). Conclusion : The numeric morphology (LIS ratio) and expansion angle of the cortical bone of the lesion measured in computed tomography can be used to differentiate the ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst.

• 인지과학
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.267-297
• /
• 2017

뇌의 해부학적 구조에는 개인의 인지적 특성에 대한 많은 정보가 반영된다. 본 연구는 아동과 청소년을 대상으로 생물학적 성숙과 지능의 개인차와 관련한 대뇌의 구조적 변화와 특성을 관찰한 연구들을 중점적으로 개관하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 아동과 청소년의 뇌 구조의 발달 과정을 이해함과 동시에 개인의 지능에 따라 뇌 구조가 발달하는 패턴이 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 알아보는 것이다. 첫 번째 단원에서는 뇌의 구조적 특성에 대한 측정치들(전체 뇌의 크기나 부피, 영역 별 회백질/백질의 부피와 밀도, 피질 두께, 피질 표면적 등)과 부피소-기반 계측법 및 구조적 공분산성 분석 등의 연구 방법들을 설명한다. 두 번째 단원에서는 생물학적 성숙에 따른 뇌 구조의 발달적 변화와 이에 영향을 미치는 변수와 조절 변인들(성별, 정신/발달 장애, 환경 요인, 영역 별 피질의 층 구조)을 설명한다. 세 번째 단원에서는 지능의 두정-전두 통합 이론을 소개하고 뇌 구조 및 뇌의 구조적 공분산성, 기능적 연결성의 발달적 변화가 지능의 개인차에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지에 대한 연구 결과들을 개관한다. 끝으로, 결론 부분에서는 현재까지 이루어진 연구들을 기반으로 하여 후속 연구의 방향과 이 분야 연구의 사회적 가치를 논한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.2495-2500
• /
• 2014

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and the most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In Iran, it ranks second and third as the cancer-causing death in men and women, respectively. We carried out this study to find out the demographic, clinical, and histological characteristics and risk factors of lung cancer in a referral tertiary center in Iran. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on cases of primary lung cancer based on the results of registered cancer reports of cytological and pathological specimens between March 2001 and March 2012. Demographic variables, clinical manifestations, histology and location of tumors were determined based on the data found in the medical records of each patient. Definite or probable etiologic factors were identified. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 16 and a p-value ${\leq}0.05$ was considered as significant. Results: A total of 203 patients, with a mean age of 65.7 years (SD=11.2), with primary lung cancer were identified, 81.3% being men. Of the total, 110 cases (54.2%) were living in urban areas. In 53.2% of cases, the site of tumor was on the right side and in 72.9% of cases the lesion was centrally located. The histological types of lung cancer were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 107 cases (52.7%), adenocarcinoma (AC) in 30 cases (14.8%), and small cell carcinoma (SC) in 27 cases (13.3%). Significant correlations between the gender and residence, smoking, and the histological type and location (central or peripheral) of tumor were found. The percentage of smokers was 75.2% in men and 15.8% in women. Conclusions: Smoking was the most important risk factor and squamous cell carcinoma the most common histological type of lung cancer in our study. Male sex and being a smoker was associated with histological types of SCC while being nonsmoker had relationship with adenocarcinoma.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.287-294
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 임상영양 분야의 전문 웹사이트로서 고지혈증 환자를 위한 식사관리 및 영양평가 프로그램을 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다 프로그램은 고지혈증을 고콜레스테롤혈증과 고중성지방혈증으로 분류하고 이들에 대한 식사관리, 영양상담 및 영양평가 프로그램으로 구성하였다. 프로그램은 표준체중 및 열량 필요량 파일, 열량별 식단 및 일일 식단표 파일, 식사요법 및 영양관리 파일, 식사력 조사 및 평가파일, 식품 및 영양소 데이터베이스 파일, 식품의 지방산 파일, 음식 영양소 함량 및 영양소별 20순위 식품 파일 등을 데이터베이스로 하여 웹 페이지 형식으로 만들어졌다. 사용자는 인터넷 사이트로 들어가 자신의 정보를 입력하면 그 결과로 1일 열량 필요량 및 기타 영양소 필요량이 제시되고 그에 알맞은 식단을 보고 이용할 수 있도록 하였다. 식사관리 프로그램에서는 열량별 식단 자료실을 두어 1200 kcal에서 2500kcal까지 100 kcal 단위로 일주일간의 식단을 볼 수 있게 하였고, 식단계획시 고려사항, 식품의 선택방법, 식품교환표, 고지혈증 식사지침, 식사요법 및 영양관리, 영양소별 20순위식품, 용어설명 및 관련 사이트를 소개하였다 영양상담 프로그램으로는 고지혈증 예방을 위한 식습관 평가와 질환에 바른 식사력조사 및 상담 평가, on-line 영양상담, FAQ 등이 있다. 영양평가프로그램으로는 섭취음식을 입력함으로서 영양소 섭취 상태, 열량 영양소, 지방산, 식사별, 식품군별 영양소 섭취상태, 동ㆍ식물성 식품 영양소 섭취 상태, 기간별 영양소 섭취 변화 등을 평가받을 수 있도록 하였다. 영양소 섭취상태는 환자의 필요량과 비교하여 그래프로 제시되고, 열량영양소, 식사별 영양소, 지방산 섭취 상태는 아침, 점심, 저녁 ,간식으로 구분하여 결과를 볼 수 있고, 동ㆍ식물성 식품 섭취 및 기간별 영양소 변화 등은 각각의 영양소별로 그 섭취 상태를 비교할 수 있도록 하였다.