• 청소년시설환경
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.91-104
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• 2012

This study investigated the process of how adolescents get caught into a net of online prostitution and get out of it. An in-depth interview was done with 43 adolescents who experienced online prostitution. It was found that 38 of 43 interviewees(88%) had an experience of running away from home and that 23 adolescents(53%) among them got involved in online prostitution for living expenses. Leaving home was a major route to prostitution. Fifty six percents experienced prostitution at the ages of 16 or 17 for the first time. The age group of 13-15 took 35%, which provided an evidence that most prostitutes experienced young. Moreover, the frequency of prostitution was shocking. Those who prostituted themselves 'more than 10, but less than 50 times(40%)' were more than those who did 'less than 10 times(37%).' Those who did 'more than 100 times' or even countlessly were 21%. Violation of human rights such as perverted sex, violence, sexual violence, threat, abduction, fraud, extortion by threats, and infection of sexually transmitted disease(STD) occurred quite often. In addition, the process of adolescent online prostitution categorized into the three stages: vulnerable stage, chaotic stage, and stabilized(out-of-prostitution) stage. It was possible that the three stages moved back and forth. The process shifted from the vulnerable stage to the chaotic one, and could get back to the vulnerable one. Or the speed of moving forward to the next sage could be accelerated if the individual management skills were coupled with support from many people and institutions.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.262-266
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• 1999

국내 식물자원 30 가지의 항산화활성을 탐색한 결과 방아잎, 형개, 택란의 methanol 추출물에서 높은 활성을 확인하였다. 그 중에서 항산화활성이 가장 높은 방아잎의 건조분말을 methanol로 환류냉각 추출하여 hexane chloroform, ethyl acetate, water 순으로 용매분획한 결과 ethyl acetate 분획에서 가장 높은 항산화활성을 확인하였으며, 이를 농축한 다음 Sephadex LH-20으로 chromatography하여 순수물질을 얻었다. 이물질을 ESIMS로 분석한 결과 분자량이 360임을 확인하였고, IR과 UV spectra에 의해서 phenol계 화합물임을 확인하였으며 NMR 분석에 의해서 이 항산화물질이 rosmarinic acid임을 확인하였다. 이 물질의 항산화활성을 검정한 결과 돈지와 팜유에 대해서 BHT나 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$보다도 우수한 지질과산화 억제효과를 나타냈다. 방아잎의 methanol추출물의 항산화력은 rosmary의 methanol 추출물과는 비슷하였으나, sage의 methanol추출물 보다는 높게 나타났다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2018

Purpose: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major cause of morbidity and remains a major cause of hospitalization. Following the Syrian refugee crisis and insufficient clean water in the region, this study reviews the etiological and epidemiological data in Lebanon. Methods: We prospectively analyzed demographic, clinical and routine laboratory data of 198 children from the age of 1 month to 10 years old who were admitted with the diagnosis of AGE to a private tertiary care hospital located in the district of Nabatieh in south Lebanon. Results: Males had a higher incidence of AGE (57.1%). Pathogens were detected in 57.6% (n=114) of admitted patients, among them single pathogens were found in 51.0% (n=101) of cases that consisted of: Entamoeba histolytica 26.3% (n=52), rotavirus 18.7% (n=37), adenovirus 6.1% (n=12) and mixed co-pathogens found in 6.6% (n=13). Breast-fed children were significantly less prone to rotavirus (p=0.041). Moreover, children who had received the rotavirus vaccine were significantly less prone to rotavirus (p=0.032). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the high prevalence of E. histolytica infection as the major cause of pediatric gastroenteritis in hospitalized children, during the summer period likely reflecting the insanitary water supplies and lack of hygiene. Moreover the 42.4% of unidentified causative pathogens should prompt us to widen our diagnostic laboratory arsenal by adopting new diagnostic technologies.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to review the current states of new sports imported from foreign countries and to discuss strategic insights for promoting new sports which has been invented in Korea. Research design, data, and methodology: This study employed the qualitative approach, in which reviewed a related literature. First, the study selected flying disc, sports stacking, and T-ball as sample cases. This is because these new sports were recognized the prominent sports frequently played in physical education classes in Korea. Second, the study reviewed prior studies in the field of distribution and marketing in order to determine the criteria of analysis and variables that frequently examined in distribution and marketing studies. Finally, the study confirmed such terminologies as research variables including new sport name, organization name, background of the invented sports, distributional channel, promotional activities and so forth. To collect data, the study search literature via academic search engine including DBpia, KISS, RISS, ScienceDirect, SAGE Journals, SpringerLink, and Taylor & Francis. Results: It was found that all of the imported new sports organized association and its nationwide branches to deliver their sprots to local schools and recreational markets. second, they targeted schools and sought to broaden their markets to recreational communities. Conclusions: In order to promote new sport invented in Korea, associations need to be systematically organized and mission should be clearly stated. In addition, creative methods for promotion need to be developed. Future directions were discussed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.9859-9863
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• 2014

Genetic epidemiological studies have shown that genetic susceptibility to esophageal cancer (EC) is an important cause of its high incidence within families in some areas of China. The purpose of this study was to obtain evidence of a genetic basis of EC in Xin-an and Xin-xiang counties in China. Familial aggregation and complex segregation analyses were performed of 79 EC families in these counties. The heritability of EC was examined using Falconer's method and complex segregation analysis was conducted with the SEGREG program in Statistical Analysis for Genetic Epidemiology (SAGE version 5.3.1). The results showed that the distribution of EC in families did not fit well into a binomial distribution. The heritability of EC among first-degree and second-degree relatives was $67.0{\pm}7.31%$ and $43.1%{\pm}9.80%$, respectively, and the summing up powered heritability was $53.2{\pm}6.74%$. The segregation ratio was 0.045. Complex segregation analysis showed that the genetic model of EC was additive. The current results provide evidence for an inherited propensity to EC in certain high-risk groups in China, and support efforts to identify the genes that confer susceptibility to this disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2473-2476
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• 2014

Background: Little is known about the cancer screening prevalence and correlates in older adults from different racial backgrounds. In the context of heightened efforts for prevention and early diagnosis, we collected information on screening for two major types of cancers: cervical and breast cancer in order to establish their prevalence estimates and correlates among older South African women who participated in the Study of Global Ageing and Adults Health (SAGE) in 2008. Materials and Methods: We conducted a national population-based cross-sectional study with a multi-stage stratified cluster sample of 3,840 individuals aged 50 years or older in South Africa in 2008. In this analysis, we only considered the female subsample of (n=2202). The measures used included socio-demographic characteristics, health variables, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess the association of socio-demographic factors, health variables and cancer screening. Results: Overall, regarding cervical cancer screening, 24.3% ever had a Papanicolaou (PAP) smear test, and regarding breast cancer screening, 15.5% ever had a mammography. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, younger age, higher education, being from the White or Coloured population group, urban residence, greater wealth, and suffering from two or more chronic conditions were associated with cervical cancer screening, and higher education, being from the White or Indian/Asian population group, greater wealth, having a health insurance, and suffering from two or more chronic condtions were associated with breast cancer screening. Conclusions: Cancer screening coverage remains low among elderly women in South Africa in spite of the national guideline recommendations for regular screening in order to reduce the risk of dying from these cancers if not detected early. There is a need to improve accessibility and affordability of early cervical and breast cancer screening for all women to ensure effective prevention and management of cervical and breast cancer.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.601-610
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• 2003

Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin used as a skin conditioning agent and promotes the formation of intercellular lipid layers through increased lipid synthesis, which improves the skin's natural barrier function. The anti-inflammatory effects of biotin have been investigated using in vitro assay models, such as MTT assay, measurements of concentrations of nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin E2(PGE$_2$), and inhibition rate of 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX). In comparison with biotin, other plant extracts were tested at the same time which were kudzu vine extract, sage extract, paeonia extract, and dipotassium glycyrrhetinate. Nitric oxide is a signal molecule with functions such as neurotransmission, local vascular relaxation, and anti-inflammation in many physiological and pathological processes. NO can cause apoptosis and necrosis of target cells such as keratinocytes and is generated from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Prostanoids, including prostaglandins and thromboxanes, are generated by the phospholipase $A_2$/cyclooxygenase(COX) pathway, and leukotrienes are generated by the 5-lipoxygenase pathway from arachidonic acid. Prostaglandin E2 recently have been shown to be beneficial in the resolution of tissue injury and inflammation, also has been implicated as an immunosuppressive agent and plasma levels of PGE$_2$ are elevated in patients sustaining thermal injury. Lipoxygenase metabolites from arachidonic acid have been implicated in inflammation, anti-inflammatory activity of the raw materials was evaluated in vitro by the offered inhibition of lipoxygenase.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.257-263
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• 1995

As a primary step to develop natural preservative for extending the shelf-life of kimchi, the effect of 102 edible plants, 21 antimicrobial agents and related compounds on kimchi fermentation was studied. Among 42 oriental medicinal plants tested, Baical skullcap and Assam indigo were found to be highly effective for maintaining the fresh state of kimchi. Although Bugbane, Red mangolia, Bushy sophora, Szechuan pepper, Chinese quince and Scisandre significantly inhibit the growth of Lactobacilli, their effect was not high enough to be used as raw materials for kimchi preservative. When the effect of 32 herbs and spices was tested, peppermint, cinnamon, lemon balm, clove, hop, rosemary, sage, horseradish and thyme showed high antimicrobial activity against kimchi microorganisms. Among them, the effect of clove ranked top. When it was added to fresh kimchi, initial cfu value ($2.4{\times}10^{6}cfu/g$) changed little even after 2 day's fermentation ($2.6{\times}10^{6}cfu/g$). Sensory test was not a good criteria to evaluate the effect of herbs and spices, since their highly specific flavors affected the taste of kimchies. Twenty eight fruits, vegetables and related plants were tested, but only leaves of pine tree, persimmon and oak leaves showed a significant bactericidal effect, finally contributing to the storage of kimchi. In addition, when 21 natural preservatives and other compounds were added individually to fresh kimchi, nisin and caffeic acid could inhibit fermentation.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2018

An ultra-high temperature ceramic, tantalum carbide, has received much attention for its favorable characteristics: a superior melting point and chemical compatibility with carbon and other carbides. One drawback is the high temperature erosion of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites. To address this drawback, we deposited TaC on C/C with silicon carbide as an intermediate layer. Prior to the TaC deposition, the $TaCl_5-C_3H_6-H_2$ system was thermodynamically analyzed with FactSage 6.2 and compared with the $TaCl_5-CH_4-H_2$ system. The results confirmed that the $TaCl_5-C_3H_6-H_2$ system had a more realistic cost and deposition efficiency than $TaCl_5-CH_4-H_2$. A dense and uniform TaC layer was successfully deposited under conditions of Ta/C = 0.5, $1200^{\circ}C$ and 100 torr. This study verified that the thermodynamic analysis is appropriate as a guide and prerequisite for carbide deposition.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제46권12호
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• pp.800-808
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• 2008

Heat treatment is an important step for tool manufacture, but unavoidably generates dimensional distortion. This study investigated the continuous dimensional change and the anisotropic behavior of STD11 tool steel during austenitizing and tempering heat treatment especially using quenching dilatometer. Dilatometric results represented that the dimensional change along longitudinal direction was larger than that along transverse direction. Anisotropic phase transformation strain was produced in forged STD11 tool steel during heat treatment. Anisotropic dimensional change increased with increasing austenitizing temperature. After tempering, anisotropic distortion was partially reduced. FactSage thermodynamic equilibrium phase simulation and microstructural observation (FE-SEM, TEM) showed that large ($7{\sim}80{\mu}m$) elongated $M_7C_3$ carbides could be formed along rolling direction. The resolution of elongated carbides during austenitizing was found to be related with the change of martensite transformation temperature after heat treatment. Anisotropic size change of STD11 tool steel was mainly attributed to large elongated carbides produced during rolling process. Using dilatometric and metallographic examination, the possible mechanism of the anisotropic size change was also discussed.