• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.60-67
• /
• 2011

Since the non-metric Multidimensional scaling (nMDS), a data visualization technique, provides with insights about engineering, economic, and scientific applications, it is widely used for analyzing large non-metric multidimensional data sets. The nMDS requires a fitness function to measure fit of the proximity data by the distances among n objects. Most commonly used fitness functions are nonlinear and have a difficulty to find a good configuration. In this paper, we propose a new fitness function, an absolute value type, and show its advantages.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.147-156
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The author performed experiments on the microhardness and the marginal fitness of composite resins after polymerizing 4 kinds of composite resins on MOD standard specimens. Methods: For this study, in order to compare the microhardness and the marginal fitness of 4 kinds of composite resins. Results: The results are as follows. 1. In case of the microhardness, Tescera scored the highest among the four kinds of composite resins. 2. In case of the marginal fitness, Premise Indirect scored the highest. However, there was no statistically significant difference, all staying in clinically practical range. 3. Considering the above results, among the four kinds of composite resins, the author advises to use Tescera during teeth restoration which scored the highest in the micro- hardness. Conclusion: Conclusion: All of the composite marginal fitness were within the clinically useful range.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.418-425
• /
• 2023

This study examined the importance of screening for changing bodybuilding and fitness category. The screening criteria for bodybuilding, the background and reason for the creation of new bodybuilding and fitness items, the screening criteria for new items, and the use of drugs were described. The current bodybuilding gives high marks to excessive muscles and excessive diet conditions, and new bodybuilding category have been newly established in line with the recent global trend of pursuing natural beauty over abnormally excessive muscles, and the screening criteria also prioritize the balance of ideal and overall muscles to fit your height and weight. In addition, fitness events such as physique and bikini are gaining popularity with the establishment because they focus on not excessive muscles and natural elements of the body that ordinary people can challenge. Since athletes as well as ordinary people are using drugs to increase muscles and suffer side effects, IFBB(International Federation of BodyBuilding) and KBBF(Korea Body Building Federation) should consider and improve the current bodybuilding screening standards that avoid excessive muscles, and it is believed that bodybuilding and fitness events will develop only when strict punishment and continuous anti-doping education are carried out.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
• /
• 1998.06a
• /
• pp.170-175
• /
• 1998

Transporting a large table using multiple robotic agents requires at least two group behaviors of homing and herding which are to bo coordinated in a proper sequence. Existing GP methods for multi-agent learning are not practical enough to find an optimal solution in this domain. To evolve this kind of complex cooperative behavior we use a novel method called fitness switching. This method maintains a pool of basis fitness functions each of which corresponds to a primitive group behavior. The basis functions are then progressively combined into more complex fitness functions to co-evolve more complex behavior. The performance of the presented method is compared with that of two conventional methods. Experimental results show that coevolutionary fitness switching provides an effective mechanism for evolving complex emergent behavior which may not be solved by simple genetic programming.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.247-253
• /
• 2005

In this paper, I was undertaken to identify factorial structure of physical fitness components for male high school Taekwondo players. In order to accomplish this purpose, the selected 8 physical fitness test were conducted to 50 male high school Taekwondo players. For the concretely, this study was conducted to physical fitness battery was grip strength, vertical jump, standing trunk flexion, sit-ups, closed eyes foot balance, 10m shuttle run, 50m run, and 1600m run. Factor analysis was applied for analyzing factorial structure of each physical fitness components.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of the Rhy-Kwon exercise with motion beat music program to the Rhy-Kwon with ordinary beat music program on physical fitness and mood in employed women. Method: Total of 29 women who did not have any particular disease were randomly assigned either to a Rhy-Kwon with motion beat music group or to a Rhy-Kwon with ordinary beat music group. Nine subjects in each group completed posttest measures (physical fitness and mood) in 8 weeks. Results: After the 8 weeks of the study period, there were significant improvement in sargent jump and mood especially for the subscale of vigor in the Rhy-Kwon with motion beat music group compared to their counterparts. But no significant differences were found between the groups in other physical fitness measures. Conclusion: The results showed that Rhy-Kwon with motion beat music program would partially improve physical fitness and mood (vigor). Further studies are needed to confirm the effects of Rhy-Kwon with motion beat music program with various populations.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.275-280
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on physical fitness (dominant hand grip power, dominant isokinetic leg muscle strength, abdominal muscle endurance, flexibility, cardiopulmonary endurance) and depression in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: This study was a cross sectional study and subjects consisted of 60 young males with chronic low back pain. The subjects were allocated to two groups following a self-report survey: cigarette smoking group (n=25) or non-smoking group (n=35). Physical fitness (dominant hand grip power, dominant isokinetic leg muscle strength, abdominal muscle endurance, flexibility, cardiopulmonary endurance) were measured using objective methods and depression in patients with chronic low back pain was measured using the Korean version of center for epidemiologic studies depression (CES-D) scale. Results: The results of this study were as follows: In physical fitness, the cigarette smoking group showed a significant decrease in abdominal muscle endurance, flexibility, and cardiopulmonary endurance compared with the non-smoking group. Depression index (CES-D scale score) was significantly higher in the cigarette smoking group than in the non-smoking group. Conclusion: These results suggest that cigarette smoking had a negative effect on abdominal muscle endurance, flexibility, and cardiopulmonary endurance in patients with chronic low back pain. In addition, depression of patients with chronic low back pain was affected by cigarette smoking. Thus, we suggested that cigarette smoking may play a significant role in the deterioration of physical fitness and depression of chronic low back pain patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of aerobic exercise and combination exercise on physical fitness, body composition, and depression and to observe the relationship between obesity and depression. METHODS: A total of 40 obese people were divided into an aerobic exercise group ($n_1$=20) and a combination exercise group ($n_2$=20) that was performed swiss ball exercise and aerobic exercise. Each group exercised three times per week for eight weeks. Outcome measures were basic physical fitness, body composition, and depression. RESULTS: After completion of the exercise, there was a significant difference in overall physical fitness factors of percentage body fat (%body fat), strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance in the combination exercise group (p<.05). Strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, and cardiovascular endurance were more improved in the combination exercise group than aerobic exercise group (p<.05). However, changes of %body fat and psychological factor between the two groups were not significant. CONCLUSION: Combination exercise program has an effect on the solution of obesity in physical development and strength. Therefore, it seems to that use with better perform both aerobic exercise and Swiss ball exercise. In addition, the Swiss ball exercise, which is an easy, convenient and economical self-exercise that can be done at home, is recommended due to its positive effects on physical establishment and fitness.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of a 12-week plyometric training on body composition, physical fitness and bone mineral density in obese male adolescents. Method: Twenty adolescent boys who are obese were randomly assigned to a control group (CON, n=10) or plyometic exercise group (EXE, n=10). The EXE group was performed 3 times per week for 12 weeks. The body composition, physical fitness, and bone mineral density were measured before and after the 12 weeks intervention. Results: The results of this study were as follows: i) In EXE group, the fat mass was significantly decreased between pre and post, whereas the difference of the body weight, BMI, and LBM were not significant. ii) Among the physical fitness factors, grip strength, muscular endurance, and 2 0m shuttle running were significantly improved but flexibility did not show any significant difference. iii) The bone mineral density was significantly improved between pre and post in EXE group. Conclusion: These results suggested that plyometric training for 12 weeks may be effective in improving body composition, physical fitness, and bone mineral density in obese adolescents. Further implications were discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.15-27
• /
• 2022

This study aims to analyze the relative importance of bone age and chronological age in physique according to gender and to identify the relative importance of bone age, chronological age, and physique in physical fitness and motor coordination according to gender in order to alleviate the imbalance between physique and physical fitness in children. A total of 666 children(346 males, 320 females) between the ages of 11-14 were enrolled as subjects, and the skeletal maturation The skeletal maturation were measured by taking hand-wrist. Physical fitness were measured through a total of 4 components: muscular strength. The results of this study. First, physique variables for both males and females aged 11-14 were found to be more significant predictors of bone age than chronological age. Second, for physical fitness in males, in the order of %fat, body water, waist-hip ratio, weight, fat-free mass, and chronological age were more significant predictor variables; and in females, in the order of %fat, fat-free mass, height, chronological age, weight, bone age, fat mass, and body water were more significant predictor variables. For bone age and chronological age in physical fitness, bone age in males and chronological age in females found to be the more representative variables respectively.