• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2013

The concept of the natural frequency is useful for understanding the characters of oscillating systems. However, when a circular cylinder floating horizontally on the water surface is heaving, due to the hydrodynamic forces, the system is not governed by the equation like that of the harmonic one. In this paper, in order to shed some lights on the more correct use of the concept of the natural frequency, a problem of the heaving circular cylinder is analyzed in the frequency domain. Previously, it was thought that the theory of Ursell (1949) could not be used to get the added mass and wave-making damping for short waves, however, they were obtained by applying an accurate collocation method to the theory in this study. Using the so developed numerical method, we found the added mass and wave-making damping of the circular cylinder for the entire range of the frequency. Then, the MCFR(Modulus of Complex Frequency Response) was used to locate the frequency corresponding to the local maximum of MCFR and we define it as the natural frequency. Comparing our results with the previous investigation, we found that the pressure distribution on the cylinder gets close asymptotically to that of a cylinder in infinite fluid OR close to that of the cylinder, that the approximation of the natural frequency by Lee (2008) is different from our new value only by 0.64%, and that the approximation of the heaving system by an equivalent damped harmonic oscillation is not proper by the reason that is clearly shown from the comparison of the shape of the corresponding MCFRs.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.59
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• pp.155-190
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• 2018

The paper has focused on the 20 Iching-hexagrams from the eleventh t'ai[ ] to the final one of the Upper Book li[離] to examine the principles of learning and education involved in Xugua zhuan[序卦傳], the Ordinal Sequence of the Hexagrams as one among Ten Wings in I Ching. Some implications involved in this part of the Book of Change provides us with numerous teachings and educational principles. I try to concisely note the three teachings of the major argument as shown in the paper. Firstly, we should take the process of learning as the circular system of thought[環 相型], not as the linear system assuming the final destination like the Final Cause in the Aristotelian teleology. In the same token, the process of learning should be regarded as 'initiation', which has been initially adopted to justify the concept of education by R. S. Peters. As a circular system, there are two kinds of initiation. The one sense is 'crossing the threshold of illiteracy' seen as 'small initiation', which apprehends the points of argument in the previous paper, namely, on hexagrams from ch'ien[乾] to t'ai[泰]. The other sense is 'getting on the inside of the worthwhile activities', seen as 'Grand Initiation', which apprehend the present points of argument. Secondly, as shown in the paper, the Book enables us to recognize the process of learning as 'Seeing What Is There'. This requires us the Principles of Mean and Perfection, which are to be taken differently from the Western ones. For this a learner should always hold the endless self-reflection and attitude to re-examine the original intention of one's own, whilst he is involved in the task of learning. Finally, we should take the Principles of Change seriously, such as extremity-reversibility[物極必反] and the sense of conformity, in order that we can establish the proper educational principles to tackle the social domains of learning as well as the personal ones.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.47-58
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• 2010

Frank Lloyd Wright(1867-1959) was regarded as the pioneer of the modern architecture in the beginning and transition period of 20th century. His works have the pure shape form which have the deep relationship with the organic architecture. Wright told himself that the Froebel System had an influence on his works a lot. This study have researched about the three dimensional application of the Froebel System in his works with assembling and disassembling. Also the two dimensional application in the diagonal and circular plans are the one of the subjects here. The following conclusions are reached. First, The similar of the Wright's works and the Froebel System was the application of the similar principles rather than the copy of the method, which are the accent of the center, the composition of the part and whole, the understanding of the composition principle through the unit system and the unfolding of the crystal by rotation. Even thought the Wright's works have the triangle, square, hexagonal shape, the way of the expansion from the centered space was same. Also the space formed by the division of the center space, unfolds making the part and whole by overlap and continuation. The 2nd Froebel make space decided by the Net and Crystal Lattices which have the crystal characteristics by the rotation. The new geometric architecture, pinwheel, was created by this method. The application of the Froebel in the Wright's works have the several sets which are the 3th, 4th, 5th, 6th Froebels, 2nd, 7th Froebels and the 3th, 5th, 9th Froebels. The geometrical analysis of the square shape and the diagonal shape of the Wright's works was possible. The unfolding of the centered space can be found in the Guggenheim Museum using the analysis of the circular geometric of the 9th Froebel. The above study proves that the Froebel was not a mere tool for the basic shape training but also the main body of Wright's works which consists of the organic idea and philosophy of the space.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.58
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• pp.245-278
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• 2018

The paper has focused on examining the sense of educational process in the light of Xugua zhuan[序卦傳], the Sequence of the Hexagrams as one among Ten Wings in I Ching, particularly on the 11 Iching-hexagrams from ch'ien[乾] to t'ai[泰]. The process involved in this part of the Book of Change can be recognized as both the micro and macro levels, which can eventually leads us to construct the circular system of thought[環相型]. This gives us a possibility to consider the values of education beyond the dualism such as intrinsic and extrinsic as well as traditional and progressive ones. Particularly some crucial defects from child-centered education have been critically examined so that the concept of education can be taken seriously in the light of the teacher-side. Thus this provides us a necessity to dub 'education' as '敎育', not as '兒育' in the Oriental context. As shown in the paper, the cosmic dual forces of I Ching also enables us to dissolve some conflicts arisen in the educational welfare system and situations, and then shows us why we should respect for the teachers' stances though we have to consider the interests of children to be educated. Thus we need to re-examine the content of the Book in the link with the Western systems of educational theory.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2000

In order to develop the enzymatic hydrolysis system concerned with taste and flavor, strains having the high hydrolyzing activity on the soy protein were selected from some traditional Mejus. Two molds and one bacterium producing enzymes which were different in character of hydrolysis were isolated and identified. Leucine and azodye enzyme activities of both M4 and M5 were relatively high among in the isolated molds. And, leucine enzyme activity of B16 was the lowest in the isolated bacteria. These strains were isolated as microorganisms having a dissimilar hydrolysis pattern on the soy protein by enzymatic reactions. Mold M4 on the culture solid media was mycelium colors of white and its sclerotia colors were changed from white to black. According to the result of slide culture, radial conidial head, subclavate vesicle, conidia of subglobose, stipes of uncolored with smooth walls and metula and phialides were existed. Because M4 was taxonomically similar to the characteristics of Aspergillus oryzae (ahlburg) species, M4 was identified and named as Aspergillus oryzae M4.Mold M5 showed white and black mycelium on the MEA medium. Mold M5 colony exhibited grayish-green color and have long(7 mm) sporangiophores at slide culture. Sporangia became brownish-gray and the wall of larger sporangia was broken to form small collars, and smaller sporangia were fomed continually from large basal membrane. Columella is globose and hyaline, and sporangiospores are ellipsoidal of small diameter$(80\;{\mu}m)$. Because M5 was taxonomically similar to the Mucor circinelloides of zygomycetes, M5 was was identified and named as Mucor circinelloides M5. Bacteria B16 colony was opaque white, circular and lobate, and had rod shaped endospore. B16 was found positive in stain, catalase, ${\beta}-glucosidse$ and V-P tests. B16 was found to utilize D-fructose, ${\alpha}-D-glucose$, maltose, D-mannose, D-raffinose, stachyose and sucrose. By the morphological and physiological results, the characteristics of B16 was thought to correspond to that of Bacillus megaterium. However, fatty acid composition was similar to Paenibacillus marcerans, requiring further study for the definite identification. Accordingly, Bacteria B16 was provisionally classified and named as Bacillus megaterium B16.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.260-265
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• 2002

Microbiologically influenced Corrosion (MIC) is one of the most deleterious effects of metal microbe interactions. When a fresh metal surface comes in contact with a non-sterile fluid, biofilm formation is ensued. This might result in the initiation of corrosion. The sites and materials where MIC is implicated are versatile. Industries such as shipping, power generation, chemical etc are reported to be affected. The rapid and unexpected failure of AISI type 304 stainless steel was investigated in the laboratory by simulation studies for a period of 4 months. Slime and water samples from the failure site were screened for corrosion causing bacteria. Both aerobic and anaerobic nora were enumerated and identified using PCR techniques. Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. were the most common aerobic bacteria isolated from the water and slime samples, whilst sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) were the major anaerobic bacteria. The aerobic bacteria were used for the corrosion experiments in the laboratory. Coupon exposure studies were conducted using a very dilute (0.1%V/V) nutrient broth medium. The coupons after retrieval were observed under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for the presence of MIC pits. Compared to sterile controls, metal coupons exposed to Pseudomonas sp and Bacillus sp. showed the initiation of severe pitting corrosion. However, amongst these two strains, Psudomonas sp. caused pits in a very short span of 14 days. Towards the end of the experiment, severe pitting was observed in both the cases. The detailed observation of pits showed they vary both in number and shapes. Whilst the coupons exposed to Bacillus sp. showed widely spread scales like pits, those exposed to Pseudomonas sp. showed smaller and circular pits, which had grown in number and size by the end of the experiment. From these results it is inferred that the rapid and unexpected failure of 304 SS might be due to MIC. Pseudonwnas sp. could be considered as the major responsible bacteria that could initiate pits in the metallic structures. As the appearance of pits was different in both the tested strains, it was thought that the mechanisms of pit formation are different. Experiments on these lines are being continued.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.99-132
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• 1992

Polypeptide has been used broadly as an active ingredient in cosmetics We thought it is very important to investigate the adsorption behavior of polypeptide in order to pre-estimate the effect of these polypeptides. For the study of polypeptide adsorption, we have investigated complex formation of basic homopolypeptides, poly(L-proline) Form I [PLP(I)], Form II [PLP(II)] and poly(4-hydroxy-L-proline) (PHLP) with acidic homopolypeptides, poly(L-glutamic acid) (PLGA), poly(D-glutamic acid) (PDGA) and poly(L-aspartic acid) (PLAA) through hydrogen bonding in a hydroalcoholic medium with viscometer, 1ight scatter, pH meter and circular dicroism (CD). The polypeptides used in this study have helical structure in some conditions. The result exhibited that al 1 the complexes were formed as the composition of basic/acidic homopolypeptide : L:2 irrespective of the complex systems used. A more favorable complex is formed in the PLP(II)-PLGA system than PHLP-PLGA because PLP(II) has a more flexible helical conformation, whereas PHLP has a more rigid helical conformation. The right-handed helix PLGA formed the complex favorably and quickly with the left-handed helix PLP(II), whereas the left-handed helix PDGA formed the complex favorably with the right-handed helix PLP(I). The effect of side chain of the acidic homopolypeptides on the complexation was also studied. The result showed that more favorable condition for the complexation was PLGA-PLP(II) system which has longer side chain at acidic homopolypeptide than PLAA - PLP(II). All the above facts were well supported by CD measurement for the complex systems. By the CD spectra for the complexes we could deduce the conformational change of each homopolypeptide in the complexes On the basis of the above results, we performed the adsorption test of PLP(I, II) and PHLP on the hair having a left-handed helix. The adsorption amount of each polypeptide was analyzed by HPLC. The result showed that PLP(I) was adsorbed more than PLP(II), PLP(II) was adsorbed more than PHLP on the hair. On adsorbing polypeptides having a helical structure on the hair through hydrogen bonding, it could be concluded that the helical polypeptides having the opposite directional structure to the hair are adsorbed more than those having the same directional structure with the hair and also the polypeptides having a flexible conformation are adsorbed more than those having a rigid conformation.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2011

The exhibition industry, as technology-intensive, eco-friendly industry, contributes to regional and national development and enhancement of its image as well, if it joins cultural and tourist industry. Therefore, We need to revitalize the exhibition industry, as actively holding an exhibition event. However, to attract a number of exhibition audience, the work of enhancing audience satisfaction and awareness of value for participation should be prioritized after improving quality of service within exhibition hall. As one way to enhance the quality of service, it is thought that the way providing personalized service geared toward each audience is needed. that is, if audience avoids the complexity in exhibition space and it affords them service to enable effective time and space management, it will improve the satisfaction. All such personalized service affordable lets the audience's preference on the basis of each audience profile registered in advance online grasp. and Based on this information, it is provided with exhibition-related information suited their purpose that is the booth for the interesting audience, the shortest path to go to the booth and event via audience's smart phone. and it collects audience's reaction information, such as visiting the booth, participating the event through offered the information in this way and location information for the flow of movement, the present position so that it makes revision of existing each audience profile. After correcting the information, it extracts the individual's preference. hereunder, it provides recommend booth and event information. in other words, it provides optimal information for individual by amendment based on reaction information about recommending information built on basic profile. It provides personalized service dynamic and interactive with audience. This paper will be able to provide the most suitable information for each audience through circular and interactive structure and designed smart-phone application supportable for updating dynamic and interactive personalized service that is able to afford surrounding information in real time, as locating movement position through sensing. The proposed application collects user‘s context information and carrys information gathering function collecting the reaction about searched or provided information via sensing. and it also carrys information gathering function providing needed data for user in exhibition hall. In other words, it offers information about recommend booth of position foundation for user, location-based services of recommend booth and involves service providing detailed information for inside exhibition by using service of augmented reality, the map of whole exhibition as well. and it is also provided with SNS service that is able to keep information exchange besides intimacy. To provide this service, application is consisted of several module. first of all, it includes UNS identity module for sensing, and contain sensor information gathering module handling and collecting the perceived information through this module. Sensor information gathered like this transmits the information gathering server. and there is exhibition information interfacing with user and this module transmits to interesting information collection module through user's reaction besides interface. Interesting information collection module transmits collected information and If valid information out of the information gathering server that brings together sensing information and interesting information is sent to recommend server, the recommend server makes recommend information through inference with gathered valid information. If this server transmit by exhibition information process, exhibition information process module is provided with user by interface. Through this system it raises the dynamic, intelligent personalized service for user.