• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.37-49
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• 2018

In this paper a new kind of unit-prefabricated building is shown. The unit-prefabricated buildings are made up living unit, energy unit, water unit. The design trend implemented the energy insulation, solar PV panels, energy storage system which are maintained for zero energy buildings. We made a prototype for zero energy flexible residential unit. The first step, we was evaluated the physical performance, insulation, airtightness. The second step, we was evaluated energy performance building to design heating and cooling system to combined PV system. As a results, the insulation performance wall was $0.18W/(m^2{\cdot}K)$. The results of air-tightness was 12.13 ACH@50 (1/h). The building energy demand ratings and solar energy generation has the possible to be ballanced.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2002

Protease activity in matured wax gourd sarcocarp was 0.19unit/0.5ml, immatured wax gourd sarcocarp 0.56unit, and matured wax gourd 24.35 unit, immatured wax gourd core 0.35unit. Protease activity in matured wax gourd sarcocarp to raw meat or raw pork was 13,0 unit, 7.4 unit, respectively, and that in wax gourd core to raw beef was 30.2 unit, and raw pork was 24.5 unit. Thermal stability of pretense in matured wax gourd sarcocarp was stable below 70$\^{C}$ when it was heated for 10 minutes. In case of 80$\^{C}$, the remaining activity was 21%, and at 90$\^{C}$, it was lost entirely. The absorption spectrum showed peak at 280nm. According to the HPLC analysis, casein was hydrolyzed into small size by protease in core or sarcocarp of matured was gourd and immatured wax gourd. Wax gourd diluted by 1/10 showed two peaks, one was from casein being hydrolyzed, and the other was from the increased molecular weight with coagulated casein. On the other hand, the molecular weight didin't increase in immatured wax gourd core diluted by 1/10. The result of dilution of 1/10 showed different pattern from undiluted one, but the peak of sarcocarp in matured wax gourd was 1 and the peak of core in immatured wax gourd was 5, and those of core and sarcocarp of immatured wax gourd were 3 respectively.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze characteristics of apartment housing unit plans based on analyzing overall patterns of housing unit plans and identifying the types of unit plans according to the size and to provide the fundamental data for developing diverse dwelling unit plans of apartment. This study deals with apartment housing unit plans built between 1999 and 2000 in Seoul, the capital region and new town. The major findings of this study are as follows; 1) Most apartment housing unit plans have fixed and uniform layouts. Most apartment housing units have L-DK type meaning they have isolated living room space. Certain layouts(especially $60-85\textrm{m}^2$ sized unit plans) show a "trickle-down" phenomenon with respect to the areas of units according to time series. 2) New plan types are rarely proposed since 2000, especially in large-sized(area more than $120\textrm{m}^2$) and $60-85\textrm{m}^2$ sized plans. 3) Another feature of apartment housing unit plans is increase of the service are (balcony, entrance area, additional kitchen, and storage area), and introduction of masters space (composition of master bedroom, dressing room, powder room, path, and etc.) and etc.)

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.339-346
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• 2022

Since the earliest reports, advanced clipping systems have been developed, and it is possible to choose among many models with different structural and technical features. The main drawback of through-the-scope clips is their small size, which allows the compression of limited amounts of tissue needed for large-size vessel treatment. Therefore, the over-the-scope clip system was realized, allowing a larger and stronger mechanical compression of large tissue areas, with excellent results in achieving a definitive hemostasis in difficult cases. Many studies have analyzed the indications and efficacy of two-pronged endoclips and have shown good results for initial and permanent hemostasis. The aim of this review was to provide updated information on indications, positioning techniques, and results of clip application for endoscopic treatment of upper gastrointestinal non-variceal bleeding lesions.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.43-55
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• 2010

This research investigated 162 residential unit plans which were located in Seoul and Gyonggi Province ranging from 58 to $118m^2$ unit net area recently. Through the investigation of unit plans, a matrix was developed based on the 5 criteria for space composition types. 5 criteria are building stock types, W/D ratio of units, unit net area, number of bay to the main orientation, and openness types. After review the matrix, 10 typical unit types were selected. At the same time, quantitative evaluation indicators were developed based on the 4 criteria such as efficiency, openness, flexibility, environmental sustainability. On each criterion, 3 indicators were developed, and measured on 162 residential unit plans. Firstly, correlation analysis were pursued on 5 criteria for space composition types and 12 quantitative evaluation indicators, and reviewed on each other. Finally, quantitative evaluation indicators of 10 typical unit types were displayed on radar charts in order to show the integrated evaluation on 4 criteria such as efficiency, openness, flexibility, environmental sustainability. From the reviews and radar chart analyses, advantages, disadvantages, and improvements on each typical unit type were presented as research results.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.66-77
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to develop a new nursing unit which can meet changing health care needs, enhance patients' satisfaction and nurses' job satisfaction, and finally guarantee quality nursing care with present manpower. For this, one medical unit was selected as a unit for quality care. And one medical unit which is similar in staffing and patients' characteristics was selected as a control unit. To assess present problems and identify the remedies to the problems a hospital-wide survey and a workshop were performed. According to the survey results, educational programs and improvement of the facilities and equipment supply system, managereal support for interdepartmental cooperation and intensification of bed-side nursing care were adopted as main principles for operating model unit, This model unit was operated for 3 months from Sep. 1, 1992 to Nov. 30, 1992. To evaluate the effectiveness of the model unit, derect/indirect nursing care hours, patients' satisfaction to nursing care, nurses' job satisfaction, and quality care index were measured. Direct/indirect nursing care hours were compared with that of the control unit, and patients' and nurses' satisfaction and quality care index were measured before and after operating model unit and compared with each other. The results of the study were as follows; 1. In the model unit mean direct nursing care hours per cach shift was 146.88 minutes and indirect nursing care hours was 354.72 minutes. The ratio of the direct nursing care hour to indirect nursing hour was 29.6 ; 70.4 and that of the control unit was 26.9 : 73.1. Direct nursing care hour in model unit was longer than that of the control unit. But, the difference was not significant. In subcategories of direct nursing care, the time spent in mobility and exercise, conservation of body temperature, hygiene, and communication and health education were longer than that of the con" trol unit. 2. Indirect nursing care hour in model unit was shorter than that of the control unit. But, the difference was not significant. In subcategories of indirect nursing care, the time spent in drug management and ward arrangement was shorter than that of the control unit. 3. Patients' satisfaction to nursing care was increased significantly after operating the model unit (T=-3.48, P=-0.002) and satisfaction to subcategories of physical comfort measure, psychological cate, and unit management components were significantly higher than before. 4. In the model unit, nurses' total job satisfaction was increased significantly after operating the model unit(Z=2.1004, P=.0357) and satisfaction to subcategory of satisfaction to administration was significantly higher than before (Z=-2.0732, P=.0382). 5. After operating the model unit, quality care index was increased from 89 to 93. With this results, it can be summarized that all the measures tried for quality care, such as educational programs, managereal support for interdepartmental cooperation, and improvement of the equipment and facility provision resulted in partial increase in direct nursing care hours, nurses satisfaction to their job and patients' satisfaction to nursing care. In can be postulated that managereal support and motivation without proper staff supplementation is not enough for increasing direct nursing care hours. And for the enhancement of the level in clinical nursing, and staff supplement must be considered sincerely and the measures for reducing indirect nursing care hours, such as computerization of nursing care activities, improvement of facilities and equipment and facilities supply system, must be instituted in addition.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2001

Purpose: The purposes of this study are to evaluate normal MR spectroscopy (MRS) data of the cerebellum and pons, and to evaluate intra-unit and inter-unit differences of the results. Materials and methods: Nine normal volunteers (mean age 23 years) were studied with two 1.5 Tesla MR units (A and B units). A total of four sessions of MRS study were performed with two sessions in ea.ch MR unit in each volunteer. In each session, MRS data were obtained from bilateral cerebellar hemisphere and pons. MRS was performed using spin-echo single voxel technique with repetition time of 2000 ms, echo time of 288ms and 128 averagings. Voxel size was $2{\;}{\times}{\;}2{\;}{\times}{\;}1.5{\;}cm$ in the cerebellum and $1.5{\;}{\times}{\;}1.5{\;}{\times}{\;}1.5{\;}cm$ in the pons. Metabolite ratios of NAA/Cho, NAAcCr, NAAc(Cho+Cr) and Cr/Cho (both peak heights and the peak areas) were compared among the results of four sessions of MRS for evaluation of intra-unit and inter-unit differences. Results: In the cerebellum, mean (SO values of peak height NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr, NAA/(Cho+Cr) and Cr/Cho ratios obtained in the first session of A unit were $1.08{\pm}O.16,{\;}1.44{\pm}O.286,{\;}0.61{\pm}O.09{\;}and{\;}O.76{\pm}0.13$, respectively. Comparing with the results of the second session, intra-unit differences were 3-7%. In B unit intra-unit differences were 1-9%, except for 22% of Cr/Cho ratio. Inter-unit differences between A and B units were 1-26%. In the pons, mean ISD values of peak height NANCho, NANCr, NANICho + Cr) and Cr/Cho ratios obtained in the first session of A unit were $1.51{\pm}O.35,{\;}3.35{\pm}O.78,{\;}1.02{\pm}0.16{\;}and{\;}0.47{\pm}O.14$, respectively. Mean NAAfCho, NANCr and NAAI(Cho+ Cr} ratios of the pons were significantly higher than those of the cerebellum. Intra-unit differences were 2-21 % in A unit and 4-18 % in B unit. Inter-unit differences between A and B units were 1-18%. The mean values obtained by using peak area were generally higher and wider in range than those of peak height in both units. Conclusion: Mean NAAfCho, NAAlCr and NAAf(Cho+Cr) ratios of the cerebellum were significanHy lower than those of the pons. Intra-unit differences of most metabolites ratios were generally not significant, whereas inter-unit differences were greater than intra-unit differences in more metabolite ratios. Therefore, normal MRS data of the cerebellum and the pons should be obtained in every MR unit, before MRS applications in the diseases of the cerebellum and the pons.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.6_3
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• pp.1207-1219
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• 2022

「Act On Contracts To Which The State Is A Party」 stipulates that the "Construction Standard Production Rate" and "Construction Standard Unit Price" be used as the criteria for determining the estimated price of construction works performed by public institutions. In this regard, issues such as the application scope of the Construction Standard Unit Price, and the effect of budget reduction continue. However, due to the lack of quantitative data on the actual application of Construction Standard Unit Price, it is difficult to objectively evaluate various issues. In order to prepare data for objective evaluation of the Construction Standard Unit Price, this study analyzed the ripple effect of applying the Construction Standard Unit Price based on the bill of quantity. As a result of the analysis, the Construction Standard Unit Price ripple effect in the civil engineering part was 9.2%, and it was analyzed that there was a ripple effect of about 1.9% based on the civil engineering direct cost. In the construction part, the ripple effect was analyzed to be relatively high at 17%, but it was found to have a ripple effect of about 3% in the construction direct cost. Based on the total direct cost, the ripple effect was calculated as 2.2%. Based on the analysis results, it is possible to evaluate the effect of applying the Standard Market Unit Price, and it is expected to be used as basic data to solve issues. As a future study, it is necessary to additionally analyze the ripple effect by Standard Market Unit Price application range (over 10 billion, over 20 billion won, etc.) and delivery system type (comprehensive evaluation, qualification examination, technical bidding, etc.). In addition, it is necessary to study the appropriate ripple effect of the Standard Market Unit Price.

• Water for future
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.61-79
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• 1975

An attempt is made to develope a scheme for synthesizing unit hydrograph for any arbitrary small watershed in the Han or Geum River basin, which can be applied in determining various sizes of design flood for flood control prijects. Stage gauging stations, seven in the Han and five in the Geun River basin with rating curves, were selected as subbasins for the analysis. Unit hydrographs of 2-hour duration were derived for several heavy storm events using the storm and the corresponding flood runoff data for each subbasin. The Clark method programmed by the Hydrologic Engineering Center, U.S. Corps of Engineers, was utilized for derivation of instantaneous unit hydrographs which were, in turn, converted into 2-hour unit hydrograph. By averaging the 2-hour unit hydrographs from several storm events a representative 2-hour unit hydrograph was determined for each subbasin and hence a separate derivation of dimensionless unit hedrograph was also possible for the Han and Geum River basins. The physiographic characteristics such as stream length, distance to the centroid of each watershed were correlated with the characteristic parameters of the derived unit hydrograph for the subbasins within two large basins. correlation analyses between the characteristic parameters were also made. These correlation analyses resulted a series of four equations and a dimensionless unit hydrograph for the two large basins, which made it possible to draw a synthetic 2-hour unitgraph for any small watershed within the Han or Geum River basin. A detailed procedure for aplying the derived method for an arbitrary basin is summarized with one sample computation for each of the two basins. A comparison of the actually derived 2-hour unit hydrogrograph and the synthesized one showed a fair agreement. A recommendation is made for the further study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.350-356
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposed the automatic cutting mechanism of the perforation pipes in an automobile muffler. This cutting mechanism makes continuous work possible, because it performs the batch work via the sequential operation of loading, feeding, cutting, and discharging. The proposed cutting mechanism consists of the frame unit, escape unit, turning unit, feeding unit, vision system, clamping unit, spindle/cutting unit and cooling unit. And, these mechanisms have been modularized through mechanical, dynamical and structural optimized design using the SMO (SimDesigner Motion) analysis module. Also, the virtual prototype was carried out using the 3-D CAD program. The cutting process cycle is performed in the order of loading, vision processing, feeding, clamping, cutting and discharging. And the cycle time for cutting one piece was designed to be completed in four seconds.