• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of cognitive conflict in the conceptual change process. Ninety-seven high school students in Korea participated in this study. Before instruction, we conducted pretests to measure learning motivation and learning strategies. During instruction, we tested the students' preconceptions about Newton's 3rd Law and presented demonstrations. After this, we tested the students' cognitive conflict levels and provided students learning sessions in which we explained the results of the demonstrations. After these learning sessions, we tested the students' state learning motivation and state learning strategy. Posttests and delayed posttests were conducted with individual interviews. The result shows that cognitive conflict has direct/indirect effects on the conceptual change process. However, the effects of cognitive conflict are mediated by other variables in class, such as state learning motivation and state learning strategy. In addition, we found that there was an optimal level of cognitive conflict in the conceptual change process. We discuss the complex role of cognitive conflict in conceptual change, and the educational implications of these findings.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.377-381
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• 1984

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.91-100
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• 2003

In this paper we investigate the role that warfare played In the formation of the network of alliances between sites that are associated with the formation of the state in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. A model of state formation proposed by Marcos and Flannery (1996) is used as the basis for an agent-based simulation model. Agents reside in sites and their actions are constrained by knowledge extracted from the Oaxaca Surface Archaeological Survey (Kowalewski 1989). The simulation is run with two different sets of constraint rules for the agents. The first set is based upon the raw data collected in the surface survey. This represents a total of 79 sites and constitutes a minimal level of warfare (raiding) in the Valley. The other site represents the generalization of these constraints to sites with similar locational characteristics. This set corresponds to 987 sites and represents a much more active role for warfare in the Valley. The rules were produced by a data mining technique, Decision Trees, guided by Genetic Algorithms. Simulations were run using the two different rule sets and compared with each other and the archaeological data for the Valley. The results strongly suggest that warfare was a necessary process in the aggregations of resources needed to support the emergence of the state in the Valley.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.479-486
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• 2016

A previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) exposed histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) as a possible candidate gene for breast muscle weight in chickens. The present research has examined the possible role of HDAC2 in skeletal muscle development in chickens. Gene expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in breast and thigh muscles during both embryonic (four ages) and post-hatch (five ages) development and in cultures of primary myoblasts during both proliferation and differentiation. The expression of HDAC2 increased significantly across embryonic days (ED) in breast (ED 14, 16, 18, and 21) and thigh (ED 14 and 18, and ED 14 and 21) muscles suggesting that it possibly plays a role in myoblast hyperplasia in both breast and thigh muscles. Transcript abundance of HDAC2 identified significantly higher in fast growing muscle than slow growing in chickens at d 90 of age. Expression of HDAC2 during myoblast proliferation in vitro declined between 24 h and 48 h when expression of the marker gene paired box 7 (PAX7) increased and cell numbers increased throughout 72 h of culture. During induced differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes, the abundance of HDAC2 and the marker gene myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1), both increased significantly. Taken together, it is suggested that HDAC2 is most likely involved in a suppressive fashion in myoblast proliferation and may play a positive role in myoblast differentiation. The present results confirm the suggestion that HDAC2 is a functional gene for pre-hatch and post-hatch (fast growing muscle) development of chicken skeletal muscle.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.49-63
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• 2017

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between marital conflict, parentification, and adolescent anxiety. Methods: The participants comprised 301 high school students from the Seoul province. They were asked to complete questionnaires that consisted of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale, and the Filial Responsibility Scale-Youth. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. To analyze the collected data, SPSS 18.0 was used. Results: First, the content and resolution of marital conflict had an effect on both adolescent state anxiety and trait anxiety. Second, unfairness parentification had an effect on both adolescent state anxiety and trait anxiety. Third, the frequency of marital conflict had an effect on emotional parentification. Further, the intensity, content, and resolution of marital conflict had effect on unfairness parentification. Fourth, unfairness parentification played a partial mediating role in the relationship between the content of marital conflict and adolescent anxiety (state anxiety/trait anxiety). In addition, unfairness parentification played a complete mediating role in the relationship between the resolution of marital conflict and adolescent trait anxiety. Conclusion: These results indicate that parentification plays an important role in marital conflict and adolescent anxiety. In addition, this study also shows that marital conflict has an important effect on adolescent anxiety directly. Therefore, this study will be useful for developing both parental education and counseling programs for adolescents.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2009

This survey examined sex role identities (androgyny, masculinity, femininity, and undifferentiated), gender, and academic achievement scores from an international sampling of college students. For a comparison, American students and Korean students responded to survey questions on the Bem Sex Role Inventory and the Korean Sex Role Inventory respectively, reported family socio-economic status and achievement scores on the American College Testing (ACT) or Korean Scholastic Ability Test (KSAT). Results in this study indicate that a higher percentage of American students report an androgynous or undifferentiated gender role identity than do Koreans, while Korean students are more likely to show a feminine gender role identity than Americans. Although American students reported higher levels of androgyny in their gender role identity, those who fit the feminine gender role identity group showed higher ACT scores than other gender role identity types. However, in the Korean sample, the masculine gender role identity produced a higher academic achievement for both males and females.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.999-1007
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate the influence of spiritual leadership on innovative work behavior and the effect of knowledge sharing on job crafting. Furthermore, the roles of knowledge sharing as a mediator for the impact of spiritual leadership on innovative work behavior, and job crafting as a mediator for the relationship between variables, were also examined. This research employed quantitative analysis, including the PLS-SEM approach; SMART-PLS, a measurement and structural equation model was employed to explain the relationship between variables, and the effect of mediation. The population study consisted of all lecturers at the Faculty of Economics and Faculty of Economics and Business at the PTKIN in East Java, Indonesia, comprising 220 randomly-selected samples. The result showed spiritual leadership does not directly influence innovative work behavior, while knowledge sharing directly affects job crafting. The findings indicated knowledge sharing mediates the impact of spiritual leadership on innovative work behavior, and the role of job crafting as a mediator for the relationship between variables was accepted. Therefore, this research confirms a positive influence of knowledge sharing on job crafting, and indicates both factors play an important role in mediating between variables, and are important for lecturers' innovative work behavior.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.160-167
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• 2005

The paper raises a question in argument about the method of creating space depending on accidental creation by computer as the method of describing movement pattern, and emphasizes the role of the mathematics which may change the shape into the image or reflection, that is, data which human may understand and expect. If the mathematics could be the method of describing movement pattern, it may play a important role on the analysis of architectural space based on the idea of post-constructionism, which is likely to consider the modern architectural space recognized as the sequential frames containing movement, as the suspended state of the moving object. And then, this infinite series, 'the sum' of the suspended state, is not studied mathematically and scientifically, but is able to be shaped by reviewing the validity in mathematics about the nonlinear space. This is, therefore, the fundamental research in order to define the role of the mathematics in formation of space of contemporary architecture.

• Journal of Smart Tourism
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.29-40
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• 2023

This research aims to understand the role of online reviews in the local search context by examining the effects of reviews on the representation of tourism businesses on local search platforms (LSPs). By simulating tourists' local searches for restaurants on three LSPs, namely Google, Bing, and Yelp, this study examines how different ranking results are generated across the platforms and how online reviews contribute to the differences. The findings suggest that online reviews are incorporated into LSPs as ranking factors and, thus, affect tourists' decision-making by influencing the information search results in the local search context. As one of the earliest studies on local search, this study discusses how the existing knowledge about the role of online reviews in tourists' decision-making needs to be reevaluated in mobile and more dynamic environments, and offers practical implications for tourism businesses' search engine marketing.

• BMB Reports
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.135-142
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• 2024

DNA methylation is one of the most extensively studied epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, known to play crucial roles in various organisms. It has been implicated in the regulation of gene expression and chromatin changes, ranging from global alterations during cell state transitions to locus-specific modifications. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is produced by a major oxidation, from 5-methylcytosine (5mC), catalyzed by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, and is gradually being recognized for its significant role in genome regulation. With the development of state-of-the-art experimental techniques, it has become possible to detect and distinguish 5mC and 5hmC at base resolution. Various techniques have evolved, encompassing chemical and enzymatic approaches, as well as third-generation sequencing techniques. These advancements have paved the way for a thorough exploration of the role of 5hmC across a diverse array of cell types, from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to various differentiated cells. This review aims to comprehensively report on recent techniques and discuss the emerging roles of 5hmC.