• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.43-75
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• 2018

The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) was created to focus on the procedural complexity in the resolution of sports-related disputes, confidentiality, the matter of expenses, and the necessity of prompt settlement in the field of international sports. The CAS had originally launched as one of bodies of International Olympic Committee (IOC), but later it became properly operational as an independent organization to facilitate sports-related disputes when the International Council of Arbitration for Sport (ICAS), which came into force in accordance with the Paris Agreement in 1984 and has acted in place of IOC, took responsibility for the administration and financing of the CAS. The CAS is composed of four divisions, the Ordinary Arbitration Division and the Appeals Arbitration Division, the Ad hoc Division created later in 1996 and the CAS Anti-Doping Division (CAS ADD) established as from 2016 only to conduct proceedings and to issue decisions on an alleged anti-doping rule violation, and two (Sydney and New York) permanent decentralized offices. The head office of the CAS is Lausanne, Switzerland. Since CAS ADD was established, CAS Ad hoc Division has had jurisdiction over the appeal case against a decision pronounced by the IOC, an NOC, an international Federation or an Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games. Although there are so many virtues of CAS as a resolution authority for sports-related disputes in terms of its organization, arbitration rules and procedures, it is also true that the CAS has not been showing the consistency. The CAS should overcome these issues through much more advanced system and its instant and fair decisions.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2010

Marcel Wanders, one of the greatest designers in the world of contemporary design, was born in the Netherlands. His works run the gamut from interior design to furniture design to lighting design, building a unique world of works. He started to gain fame when he presented "Knotted Chair" at Droog Design in 1996, which was made out of aramid ropes and later became his symbol. In 2000, he established "moooi," a world-renowned design label. By giving characteristic qualities, his works are given meaning, and like a fantastical dream, their images are extremely fantastical and stimulating. As can be seen in his character cover, he puts emphasis on the harmony between minimalism and decoration, establishing his own unique design concept. In this thesis, based on Marcel Wander's design philosophy, his overall design characteristics were classified into theatrical effects and storytelling. Expressive elements depaysement, eclectic mixture, and scale modification were derived from theatrical effects and analyzed; for storytelling, object, semantic cues, and dream and fantasy were derived and analyzed. A distinguishing feature of such analysis is his meaning-centric design approach, the principle by which to form long-term relationships with the users by creating user-centric designs that make them find meaning and values in diverse experiences in their daily routine, giving them familiar yet unique experience.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Purpose: Extremely hazardous pesticides are classified as World Health Organization (WHO) hazard class Ia. However, data describing the clinical course of WHO class Ia OP (organophosphate) poisonings in humans are very scarce. Here, we compare the clinical features of patients who ingested hazard class Ia OPs. Methods: This retrospective observational case study included 75 patients with a history of ingesting ethyl p-nitrophenol thio-benzene phosphonate (EPN), phosphamidon, or terbufos. The patients were divided according to the chemical formulation of the ingested OP. Data regarding mortality and the development of complications were collected and compared among groups. Results: There were no differences in the baseline characteristics and severity scores at presentation between the three groups. No fatalities were observed in the terbufos group. The fatality rates in the EPN and phosphamidon groups were 11.8% and 28.6%, respectively. Patients poisoned with EPN developed respiratory failure later than those poisoned with phosphamidon and also tended to require longer mechanical ventilatory support than phosphamidon patients. The main cause of death was pneumonia in the EPN group and hypotensive shock in the phosphamidon group. Death occurred later in the EPN group than in the phosphamidon group. Conclusion: Even though all three drugs are classified as WHO class Ia OPs (extremely hazardous pesticides), their clinical courses and the related causes of death in humans varied. Their treatment protocols and predicted outcomes should therefore also be different based on the chemical formulation of the OP.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제49집
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• pp.1-52
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• 2024

대순진리회 시간관의 특징 가운데 하나는 시간을 수동형으로 본다는 사실이다. 이 말은 시간이 경험자로부터 영향을 받는다는 뜻이다. 즉, 대순진리회에서 시간은 재조정되기도 하고 다스려지기도 한다. 그 내용을 요약하자면 다음과 같다: 첫째, 대순진리회 시간관은 시간의 흐름과 함께 무질서가 증가한다는 엔트로피 법칙의 역사관을 포함한다. 둘째, 대순진리회가 구축하는 세계에서 시간은 개벽 전후로 그 성격이 바뀐다. 개벽 이전은 상극시대의 무질서 증가 나선형 시간, 후천은 상생만 존재하는 시대의 진보와 발전 나선형 시간이다. 셋째, 개벽은 시간을 재조정한다. 시간은 인간 삶을 결정하는 표준으로 기능하는데, 개벽 이전의 시간은 인간 삶을 상극으로, 개벽 이후의 시간은 인간 삶을 상생으로 기록하기 때문이다. 시간의 재조정은 곧 방위(공간)의 재조정으로 이어진다. 넷째, 개벽은 시간과 공간의 순서를 재조정한다. 선천에는 공간이 시간을 앞섰고, 개벽은 그것을 뒤집어 후천에 시간이 공간을 앞서도록 만든다. 이로써 시공간 통합의 세계관이 구축된다. 다섯째, 대순진리회 세계에서 시간은 최고신이 다스림을 펴기 위해 사용하는 도구다. 최고신은 생장염장(生長斂藏)의 변화를 일으키는 시간 통치로써 만물을 무위이화로 다스린다. 여섯째, 시간은 후천에 도통이라는 목표에 도달한 존재들이 만물을 통치하는 데 활용하는 도구로 기능한다. 이 때문에 대순진리회의 도통은 곧 시간을 다스림을 의미한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1227-1236
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 또하나의 새로운 서술방식을 제시하게 되는데, 먼저 에너지 이동현상으로서의 일중에서 가용일을 분리하고, 가역과정만이 가능한 세계 즉 가역세 계 안에서 측정과 산정이 가능하도록 열역학의 가장 중요한 물리량인 온도와 엔트로피, 열 등을, 가용일의 가측성을 이용하여 정의한 다음, 그러한 제한조건하에서 기존 열역 학의 기본 법칙들이 어떻게 표시되는가 살펴보고, 이것을 비가역과정에 확장하는 식의 순서에 따라 열역학의 기존원리들에 대한 서술을 재구성하고자 한다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2008

Costume elements are closely related with human living environment and also play an important role in the costume patterns. The East and the West have influenced and adopted each other's culture through mutual trade, which are well reflected in costume patterns and textile patterns. These days world wide fashion shows the designs applying costume details of the East and the West, which is much affected by the orientalism. The purpose of this study is to compare the sleeve patterns which take an important part in women's costume design of the Joseon Dynasty and the European Monarchy in the 16th century. Korean women's costume showed sleeves in rectangular shape with same width and long length, together with cuffs. Later they changed to diagonal shape of getting narrower toward the wrist. Western women's costume showed sleeves with puff and slash patterns. Then they were classified into French, British and Spanish styles which were getting narrower toward the wrist. Later they adopted the shape of leg of mutton which was puffed in middle and narrower toward the wrist. I n Korea and Europe, they showed respective changes in sleeve patterns, but also similarity of getting narrower toward the wrist. The East and the West are now exchanging their culture in every aspect such as politics, economics and social matters. Costume fashion is not an exception. The characteristic designs of traditional costumes are shown on global fashion, which is influenced by the orientalism.

• 정보관리연구
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.167-186
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• 2011

동시인용은 서로 다른 두 연구가 이후의 새로운 연구에서 동시 인용되는 것이다. 이 연구는 동시인용과 저자식별의 관계를 다룬다. 저자식별은 문헌에 출현한 동명의 저자명들을 실 세계 저자로 식별하는 것이다. 동시인용은, 한 사람의 관련된 연구들이 이후 또 다른 연구들에서 타인 혹은 자신에 의해 동시 인용되는 증거를 수집함으로써, 저자식별의 절차와 성능에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이 연구는 구글 스칼라로부터 동시인용을 자동 수집하는 절차를 제시하고 동시인용 정보를 저자식별의 기존 자질들과 효율적으로 결합하는 새로운 군집알고리즘을 제안한다. 실험을 통해 동시인용이 저자식별에 미치는 긍정적 효과를 확인하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.394-407
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• 2011

Better understanding of the complex factors leading to human diseases will be necessary for both long term prevention and for managing short and long-term health problems. The underlying causes, leading to a global health crisis in both acute and chronic diseases, include finite global health care resources for sustained healthy human survival, the population explosion, increased environmental pollution, decreased clean air, water, food distribution, diminishing opportunities for human self-esteem, increased median life span, and the interconnection of infectious and chronic diseases. The transition of our pre-human nutritional requirements for survival to our current culturally-shaped diet has created a biologically-mismatched human dietary experience. While individual genetic, gender, and developmental stage factors contribute to human diseases, various environmental and culturally-determined factors are now contributing to both acute and chronic diseases. The transition from the hunter-gatherer to an agricultural-dependent human being has brought about a global crisis in human health. Initially, early humans ate seasonally-dependent and calorically-restricted foods, during the day, in a "feast or famine" manner. Today, modern humans eat diets of caloric abundance, at all times of the day, with foods of all seasons and from all parts of the world, that have been processed and which have been contaminated by all kinds of factors. No longer can one view, as distinct, infectious agent-related human acute diseases from chronic diseases. Moreover, while dietary and environmental chemicals could, in principle, cause disease pathogenesis by mutagenic and cytotoxic mechanisms, the primary cause is via "epigenetic", or altered gene expression, modifications in the three types of cells (e.g., adult stem; progenitor and terminally-differentiated cells of each organ) during all stages of human development. Even more significantly, alteration in the quantity of adult stem cells during early development by epigenetic chemicals could either increase or decrease the risk to various stem cell-based diseases, such as cancer, later in life. A new concept, the Barker hypothesis, has emerged that indicates pre-natal maternal dietary exposures can now affect diseases later in life. Examples from the studies of the atomic bomb survivors should illustrate this insight.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.728-738
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• 2006

As movies and dramas which show traditional clothes and fusion clothes are getting popular these days, lot of people are paying attention to these dress and ornaments. And as for the domestic collections which seem to reflect this trend, various fusion style clothes are getting widely adopted by people. Therefore, this study analyzed and considered the clothes designs when the country started to open itself to other countries, by selecting a movie titled "YMCA baseball team", a movie to ascertain vigorous historical verification, and by conducting the prior study and using the DVD capture program. This study is meaningful in that based on the comparison study on the costumes, it clarifies the degree of costumes(clothes) acceptance at the point of nation's opening to other countries, which is the source of fusion style, and further shed light on the role that the movie costumes will play. From this study, we can get the following conclusions. First, through the theoretical background it can be known that when the country opened itself to outside world the dress and ornaments of the time was adopted in a top-down way, namely, first adopted by the royal family and the upper class, which could have easy access to the western civilization and institutions, and then the low class later. Second, in the movie titled 'YMCA baseball team' the costumes were designed through the strict and thorough historic verification, and it can be confirmed that various dress and ornaments adopted at the time of nation's opening to the outside world centered around the clothes design for new women. Third, 'YMCA baseball team is evaluated as a movie that reproduces that time well and as a media that provides an effective clue to the dress and ornaments adopted by the public when the country opened itself to the outside world.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제27집
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• pp.35-77
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• 2016

대순진리회 여주본부도장은 입지와 여러 가지 상징들을 종교적으로 분석하면, 청계탑 상층부 9단의 기단은 천상의 구천세계, 탑신부 1·2 ·3층은 각각 8면을 구성하여 24절기, 4·5·6·7·8·9·10층은 4면이 7단으로 구성되어 28수, 청계탑 기단부 3층의 12지신은 12월령을 상징한다. 이것은 천상의 변화 단계와 하늘의 별자리를 상징한 것이고 구천상제와 하늘의 별자리를 존숭하는 의미를 담고 있다. 대순진리회 영대에는 15신격이 있고 대원종의 타종수는 15이다. 15는 구궁도에서 마방진의 신묘한 숫자이다. 구궁도는 후천팔괘의 낙서숫자이고, 5와 10은 중앙에 거(居)하는 토에 해당한다. 대순진리회에서는 후천팔괘의 오행토로 이루어진 수리(數理)를 사용한다. 그러므로 대순진리회의 모든 주문과 치성도 오행으로 토를 상징하는 진·술·축·미와 갑·기의 날에 변화가 시행된다. 여주본부도장의 풍수적 입지는 오행 토로 이루어진 천장길방의 대지(大地)이다. 그곳은 피안의 세계이지만 속세의 차안의 세계와 멀리 떨어져 있는 것이 아니고, 복록을 주관하는 후천진경이 도래하기를 기다리는 곳이며 도통군자가 나오는 지상신선 세계의 성스러운 공간으로서 창조되었다. 여주본부도장은 서신사명의 다가올 후천진경을 기다리는 풍수적으로 천장길방의 성스러운 대지이다.