• 철학연구
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• 제96호
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• pp.39-70
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• 2012

칸트의 '최고선'을 윤리론과 도덕종교론 내에 위치시키려면, 칸트의 '최고선'을 두 가지 한정된 의미로 이해할 수밖에 없다. 첫째는, 이성적 존재자의 덕행과 그의 윤리성에 정비례하는 만큼의 행복을 요소로 갖는 최고선이다. 이러한 의미의 최고선에서 행복은 그 행복을 누릴 품격인 각자의 윤리성의 정도에 따라 다소와 증감이 있을 것이고, 그러니까 완벽한 것이라 할 수는 없으되, 감성세계에서도 가능한 것이라 하겠다. 만약 자연운행과 윤리질서를 조화시키는 신의 현존을 전제할 수 있다면 말이다. 둘째는, (문자 그대로) 이성적 존재자의 내적 도덕법칙과의 온전한 부합과 그에 상응하는 완벽한 복, 즉 지복(至福) 내지 정복(淨福)을 요소로 갖는 최고선이다. 이러한 최고선은 신의 현존과 함께 영혼의 불사성을 전제하고서 예지세계에서나 기대할 수 있는 것으로, 앞서의 물리적 행복을 성분으로 갖는, 그러니까 제한된 의미에서의 최고선의 '이상(理想)'이라 하겠다. 이제 '가능한'을 '실현 가능한'으로 새기면 '가능한 세계의 최고선'은 첫째 의미로서일 것이다. 이 최고선은 한낱 "예지 세계에서의 최고선"이 아니라 "이 세계에서의 최고선"이다. 물론 이 세계에서의 최고선, 곧 행복과 덕의 부합 가능성을 위해서 우리는 "하나의 보다 높고 도덕적이고, 최고로 신성하며 전능한 존재자를 상정하지 않을 수 없다." 윤리적 행실과 행복은 모두 자연 세계에서 일어나는 일인 만큼, 이 양자가 합치하기 위해서는 "자연의 원인(따라서 창시자)인 존재자, 다시 말해 신"이 전제되지 않을 수 없으니 말이다. 그래서 칸트는 사람들은 예지계인 하늘나라와 같은 '최선의 세계'가 땅에서도 이루어질 것을 발원한다고 ${\ll}$성서${\gg}$를 이끌어 해석한다. 모든 선량한 마음씨를 가진 이들의 소망은, "신의 나라가 오고, 그의 뜻이 지상에서 이루어지는 것"이다. 다만 우리는 "그의 나라를 현실에서 현시하기 위해서 신이 무엇을 직접적으로 행하는가를 알지 못한다. 그러나 우리는 우리를 그 나라의 성원으로 적합하게 만들기 위해서 우리가 무엇을 해야만 하는가는 충분히 아는 바이다." 그것은 각자가 윤리적 의무를 다 해야 하고, 그리고 더불어 윤리적 공동체를 세우는 일이다. 그러니까 윤리적 공동체는 '목적들의 나라'와 같은 한낱 이상적인 것이 아니라, "지상에 실존"하는 것으로서, 인간들의 기구이고 제도이다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.496-507
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• 2019

Purpose: This purpose of this study was to identify both good teaching and desirable teaching behaviors perceived by nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. A convenience sample of 324 nursing students was selected and they completed self-reported questionnaires from November 1 to December 30, 2015. Results: Among 4 perspectives of good teaching (traditional, systemic, interaction, and constructionism), the traditional perspective was perceived as the highest form of good teaching, while the systemic perspective was perceived as the lowest. Meanwhile, disclosure and clarity were perceived as the highest desirable teaching behaviors. Regardless of students' perspective of good teaching, all 4 perspectives of good teaching were positively related with clarity, enthusiasm, interaction, organization, and disclosure as desirable teaching behaviors independently. Conclusions: Nursing students perceived that the highest perspective of good teaching was the traditional perspective. Meanwhile, they perceived that clarity, enthusiasm, interaction, organization, and disclosure were desirable teaching behaviors regardless of their perspective of good teaching. Further study will be needed to perceive nursing faculty's awareness of good teaching and desirable teaching behaviors to identify the difference of awareness between nursing students and faculty.

• 철학연구
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• 제130권
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• pp.219-246
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• 2014

개별선과 공동선은 서로 대립적인 관계 또는 우월관계에 있는가? 이 물음에 대해 토마스 해석자들 사이에 대립적인 의견이 존재한다. 어떤 학자들은 토마스의 텍스트들이 개별선에 대한 공동선의 우위를 가리킨다고 주장하고, 다른 학자들은 반대로 개별선의 우위를 주장하기도 한다. 그러나 면밀히 검토하면 토마스는 개별선과 공동선의 대립이 아니라 양자의 통일을 주장했다는 것이 드러난다. 토마스의 윤리학 및 정치철학은 개인을 출발점으로 삼고 있지만, 토마스에게서 개인은 단순한 개별자가 아니라 종적인 본성에서 일치하는, 개별화된 본성을 가진 개별화된 보편자이다. 한편 토마스에게서 선은 존재자의 완전성을 의미하며, 존재자의 가능성이 전체로서 완성되었을 때에만 그 존재자는 단적인 의미에서 선하다고 말할 수 있다. 그러므로 만일 개인이 개인으로서의 완성만을 추구한다면 부분적 선만을 추구하는 것이 된다. 따라서 단적인 의미에서의 인간의 선은 공동체를 통해서 실현될 수밖에 없다. 그런데 토마스에 따르면 공동체의 목적은 구성원들이 덕에 따르는 삶을 살기 위한 것이다. 덕이 그것을 가진 인간과 인간의 행위를 선하게 만드는 것인 한 공동체는 구성원 각각의 완성을 추구하게 된다. 이러한 의미에서 개별선은 공동선을 통해서, 다시 공동선은 개별선을 통해서 이루어지는 상호간의 일치가 일어나게 된다. 그런데 공동선을 통해서 실현되는 개별선이 올바른 목적지향을 갖지 않는 한 여전히 불완전한 상태에 놓여 있다고 말할 수 있다. 따라서 단적인 의미에서의 인간의 선은 최고선과의 정당한 질서관계 속에 놓여 있는 공동선과 개별선의 통일에서만 발견될 수 있다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2021

The basic for the achievement of the community forestry rests within the Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs). They are responsible to establish good governance, sustainable forest management and improve people's livelihoods. The study aimed to assess the governance score prevailing in CFUGs using stratified random sampling. Our study shows the governance score of 64.17% in community forests with highest 73.94% in Bhotechaur community forest and lowest 56.60% in Tinkanya community forest. Among the eight elements of good governance, consensus-oriented was found highest while responsiveness was lowest in the study area. Further, the independent variables such as well-being ranking (χ²=21.695, df=6, p<0.01), source of income (χ²=20.474, df=6, p<0.01) and education status (χ²=17.450, df=6, p<0.01) has significant impact on governance. Based upon the findings, it is very clear that good governance in CFs are more than average but still not up to the mark. Finally, it calls for rethinking that involving all the stakeholders during planning phases delineating the responsibility and power for correspondents can make possible in achieving sustainability in community forest.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

Starch was isolated from nine Korean sweet potato varieties(Shinmi, Seangmi, Yulmi, Shinyulmi, Sunmi, Jeungmi, Mokpo 26, Mokpo 29, and Mokpo 30) and analysed in its physicochemical properties in comparison with a commercial sweet potato starch(Kumokanyu) imported from China. Protein content in the isolated starch was highest(1.1%) in Mokpo 29 and lowest(0.3%) in Kumokanyu, whereas lipid content was equally less than 0.2%. Pasting analysis by Rapid Viscoanalyser(RVA) showed that Yulmi starch had the lowest pasting temperature(70.2oC) whereas Kumokanyu did the highest one (74.3oC). Under a differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), however, Kumokanyu showed the lowest onset temperature(61.8oC) and enthalpy(42.0 J/g) for crystal melting. Shinyulmi showed the highest peak viscosity of the starch paste, but shear thinning was significant like commercial potato starch. Kumokanyu, however, displayed the least peak visicosity but good shear stability. With the starch gels prepared at 4oC, Mokpo 29 showed the highest hardness, whereas Shinyulmi did the lowest one. Against repeated freeze thawing treatments, the starch gel of Kumokanyu was most stable, and among the Korean varieties, Yulmi, Shinyulmi, Jeungmi and Mokpo 26 had good stability. According to the chain distribution analysis, Shinyulmi and Mokpo 29 consisted of larger quanitites of shorter amylopectin chains than Kumokanyu, potato and corn starches.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2009

This study was investigated to evaluate the contents of polyphenols and flavonoids, and physiological activities of various extracts from Calystegia japonica roots for making good use of their functional materials. The roots of C. japonica were extracted with water (WE), ethanol (EE) and hot water (HWE) by different methods. Among these extracts, the highest extracting yield was 30.30% of HWE, while the highest contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were 40.85% and 6.40% of WE, respectively. The nitrite scavenging abilities were ranged from 31.31% (HWE) to 37.46% (EE) at pH 1.2 and 1.0 mg/ml concentration. In the measurements of electron donating abilities, EE showed the highest effect as 91.83% at 0.3 mg/ml assay concentration, and the electron donating ability was decreased as the extract concentration was increased. In the results of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, HWE showed the highest effect as 7.15% at 1.0 mg/ml. The tyrosinase inhibition activities of WE and EE were 15.28% and 14.97%, respectively. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects were ranged from 97.50 to 99.28% at 1.0 mg/ml. These results indicate that C. japonica extract has a good antioxidant effects and could be useful for developing functional products.

• 건축사
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• 통권505호
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• pp.17-17
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• 2011

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to prepare a student and education guideline by examining the college life satisfaction of students studying dental hygiene. Subjects were students going to dental hygiene-related department of three colleges in the Gwangju and Jeonnam areas. College life and life satisfaction was examined at general characteristics. The following results were obtained. 1. Subjects included 35.7% of 1st grade, 33.4% of 2nd grade, and 30.9% of 3rd grade. In the health state, average accounted for the highest percent(76.9%); in the student's associates, a little for the highest percent(76.8%); and in the participation in clubs, no participation for the highest percent(77.1%). 2. For motives to select the dental hygiene, good employment after graduation accounted for the highest percent(61.0%). The highest desired employer was a dental clinic(33.5%), and the highest desired duration was a whole life(61.0%). 3. According to the grade, satisfaction was significantly different in social recognition, major in education, professor, facilities, professor-student, career, and college development(pE0.05). 4. According to the school record, satisfaction was significantly different in social recognition, major in education, professor, professor-student, career, college development, and general life(pE0.01). 5. According to the student's associates, satisfaction was significantly different in social recognition, major in education, professor-student, and general life(pE0.01). 6. According to the participation in clubs, satisfaction was significantly different in professor, facilities, college development, and religious life(pE0.05). In conclusion, as students were in the lower grade, made good school record, had happier associates, and participated in clubs more actively, their satisfaction at college life became higher. Accordingly, professors and school authorities should strive to examine students' actual problem and discuss and resolve them in order to help their effective school life.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2001

The object of this study is to understand the determinants of housewives’internet usage, examining empirically their internet usage motivation and activity, and to find the way to promote housewives’internet usage. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows; 1) the housewives’internet usage motivation was composed of the motivation to make a good use of leisure by internet, self-developmental, practical, and children educational motivations. The mean score of self-developmental motivation was the highest in the internet users and that of child educational motivation was the highest in the non-internet users. 2) the significant variables which affected on the internee usage of housewives were age, internet related housing environment the perception of internet usefulness, internet usage of husband, the motivation to make a good use of leisure by internet, and children educational motivation.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2014

We investigated noodles supplemented with functional ingredients for their antioxidant properties, including total phenol, flavonoid contents, electron donating, nitrite scavenging abilities and ferrous ion chelating effect. The total polyphenol contents of functional noodles arranged in order of decreasing concentration were kudzu (7.98%) > green tea (4.99%) > pumpkin (5.03%) > mulberry leaves (4.99%) > mugwort (4.23%) > cactus (3.57%) > kelp (3.33). The total flavonoid contents in green tea noodles were the highest as 4.35%. The electron donating ability in mugwort noodle was the highest as 12.27% at 1,000 ppm. This amount was 4.85 times than that of wheat flour noodle (2.53%). The nitrite scavenging ability of functional noodles at pH 1.2 arranged in order of decreasing concentration were green tea (66.52%) > cactus (55.12%) > kudzu (52.67%) > pumpkin (50.50%) > mulberry leaves (43.58%) > kelp (41.41%) > mugwort (37.66). The nitrite-scavenging ability of green tea noodle was lower than ascorbic acid (natural antioxidant) 77.83%, while that of green tea noodle was similar with BHT (artificial antioxidant) 69.45%. The ferrous ion chelating effect of noodles containing kelp were the highest as 27.02%. All of the experimental results showed good antioxidant property. Thus, noodles supplemented with mulberry leaves, cactus, mugwort, green tea, pumpkin, kelp or kudzu, demonstrated to have good functional effects for human health.