• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 1999

In the course of modernization and globalization, each region in Korea has experienced deep subordination to the center of Seoul and the increase of colonization possibility by world capital. In order to overcome the current situation, above all, the strategies should be developed focusing on daily life and life space. The basis for the development of strategies is the establishment of regional identity on life space. It is because of the reason that life space, or small-scale region has drawn wide attention in the research of geography in recent years. Especially, humanistic geography and new regional geography have developed the concerning theory and methodology, and kept going on the research of small-scale regions. Generally speaking, there have been quite large amount of theoretical discussions on small-scale region in recent years in the field of geography. Empirical researches focusing on a particular small-scale region, however, have been rarely made. It seems related to the deficiency of data materials and the obscurity of research framework of small-scale regional geography. A community paper must be very helpful for the geographic research on small-scale region. As community paper is published based on county('gun'), small or mid-size city('si'), or district of large city('gu'), it deals with small news and daily life information closely attached to the region. Accordingly, it functions as a medium of the formation of regional identity. It is also a valuable source material for the validation of regional identity and for the analysis of identity-shaping mechanism. The geographic interests in community paper, first of all, should be taken shape by the work on the geographical distribution and the periodic change of publication situation of community papers in Korea. Another research subject on community paper is the examination of characteristics of the region by analyzing the news and the advertisements. The news in community paper must be a valuable data source of regional studies in geography. Also, the regional identification process of community people through the community paper could be and should be explored, and how the regional centrality, or self-generation based on the identity is achieved will be an important subject.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.5-13
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• 2022

The current environmental problem is that environmental pollution is accelerating due to the generation of large amounts of waste and indiscriminate consumption of energy. Fossil fuels, a representative energy production fuel, are burned in the process of producing energy, generating a large amount of greenhouse gases and eventually causing climate change. In addition, the amount of waste generated worldwide is continuously increasing, and environmental pollution is occurring in the process of waste treatment. One of the methods for simultaneously solving these problems is the energy recovery from and reduction of organic wastes. Sewage sludge generated in sewage treatment plants has been treated in various ways since ocean disposal was completely prohibited, but the amount generated has been continuously increasing. Since the sewage sludge contains a large amount of organic materials, it is desirable to recover energy from the sewage sludge and reduce the final discharged waste through anaerobic digestion. However, most of the excess sludge is a mass of microorganisms used in sewage treatment, and in order for the excess sludge to be anaerobically digested, the cell walls of the microorganisms must be destroyed first, but it takes a lot of time to destroy the cell walls, so high rates of biogas production and waste reduction cannot be achieved only by anaerobic digestion. Therefore, the pre-treatment process of solubilizing excess sludge is required, and the thermal solubilization process is verified to be the most efficient among various solubilization methods, and high rates of biogas production and waste reduction can be achieved by anaerobic digestion after destroying cell walls the thermal solubilization process. In this study, when pretreating TS 10% thickened excess sludge through a thermal solubilization system, a study was conducted on solubilization characteristics according to retention time and operating temperature variables. The experimental variables for the retention time of the thermal solubilization system were 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes, respectively, while the operating temperature was fixed at 160℃. The soulbilization rates calculated through TCOD and SCOD derived from the experimental results increased in the order of 12.11%, 20.52%, 28.62%, and 31.40%, respectively. And the variables according to operating temperature were 120℃, 140℃, 160℃, 180℃, and 200℃, respectively, while the operating retention time was fixed at 60 minutes. And the solubilization rates increased in the order of 7.14%, 14.52%, 20.52%, 40.72%, and 57.85%, respectively. In addition, TS, VS, T-N, T-P, NH₄⁺-N, and VFAs were analyzed to evaluate thermal solubilization characteristics of thickened excess sludge. As a result, in order to obtain 30% or more solubilization rate through thermal solubilization of TS 10% thickened excess sludge, 120 minutes of retention time is required when the operating temperature is fixed to 160℃, and 170℃ or more of operating temperature is needed when the operating time is fixed to 60 minutes.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to diagnose various problems arising around social enterprises in the sport field from the perspective of the organization and derive necessary tasks and implications. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the study was largely divided into three stages, and the results were derived. First, the main status and characteristics of social enterprises in the sport field were examined. The current status was analyzed focusing on aspects such as background and origin, legislation and policy, organizational goals, organizational structure and procedures, and organizational characteristics. Social enterprises in the sport sector were in their early stages, and the government's social enterprise policy goal tended to focus on increasing the number of social enterprises in a short period of time through financial input. In addition, it was found that most individual companies rely on government subsidy support due to insufficient profit generation capacity. In the second stage, we focused on the situational factors that affect the functional performance of social enterprises in the sport field. As a result of reviewing the value, ideology, technology, and history of the organization, which are situational factors, it was derived that when certified as a social enterprise in the sport field and supported by the central government or local governments, political control is strong to some extent and exposure to the market is not severe. In the last third step, tasks and implications were derived to form an appropriate organization for social enterprises in the sport field. After the social enterprise ecosystem in the sport sector has been established to some extent, it is necessary to gradually move from the current "government-type" organization to the "national enterprise" organization. This is true in light of the government's limited financial level, not in the short term, but in order for the organization of social enterprises in the sports sector to survive in the long term.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.23-31
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• 2020

This study was carried out to generate various images of railroad surfaces with random defects as training data to be better at the detection of defects. Defects on the surface of railroads are caused by various factors such as friction between track binding devices and adjacent tracks and can cause accidents such as broken rails, so railroad maintenance for defects is necessary. Therefore, various researches on defect detection and inspection using image processing or machine learning on railway surface images have been conducted to automate railroad inspection and to reduce railroad maintenance costs. In general, the performance of the image processing analysis method and machine learning technology is affected by the quantity and quality of data. For this reason, some researches require specific devices or vehicles to acquire images of the track surface at regular intervals to obtain a database of various railway surface images. On the contrary, in this study, in order to reduce and improve the operating cost of image acquisition, we constructed the 'Defective Railroad Surface Regeneration Model' by applying the methods presented in the related studies of the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). Thus, we aimed to detect defects on railroad surface even without a dedicated database. This constructed model is designed to learn to generate the railroad surface combining the different railroad surface textures and the original surface, considering the ground truth of the railroad defects. The generated images of the railroad surface were used as training data in defect detection network, which is based on Fully Convolutional Network (FCN). To validate its performance, we clustered and divided the railroad data into three subsets, one subset as original railroad texture images and the remaining two subsets as another railroad surface texture images. In the first experiment, we used only original texture images for training sets in the defect detection model. And in the second experiment, we trained the generated images that were generated by combining the original images with a few railroad textures of the other images. Each defect detection model was evaluated in terms of 'intersection of union(IoU)' and F1-score measures with ground truths. As a result, the scores increased by about 10~15% when the generated images were used, compared to the case that only the original images were used. This proves that it is possible to detect defects by using the existing data and a few different texture images, even for the railroad surface images in which dedicated training database is not constructed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.437-446
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• 2022

In April 2020, the Korean government decided to operate the Hwacheon reservoir, a hydropower reservoir to supply water, and it is currently under pilot operation. Through the pilot operation, the Hwacheon reservoir is the first among the hydropower reservoirs in Korea to make a constant release for downstream water supply. In this study, the water supply capacity of the Hwacheon reservoir was estimated using the inflow data of the Hwacheon reservoir. A simulation model was developed to calculate the water supply that satisfies both the monthly water supply reliability of 95% and the annual water supply reliability of 95%. An optimization model was also developed to evaluate the water supply capacity of the Hwacheon reservoir. The inflow data used as input data for the model was modified in two ways in consideration of the impact of the Imnam reservoir. Calculating the water supply for the Hwacheon reservoir using the two modified inflows is as follows. The water supply that satisfies 95% of the monthly water supply reliability is 26.9 m³/sec and 24.1 m³/sec. And the water supply that satisfies 95% of the annual water supply reliability is 23.9 m³/sec and 22.2 m³/sec. Hwacheon reservoir has a maximum annual water supply of 777 MCM (Million Cubic Meter) without failure in the water supply. The Hwacheon reservoir can supply 704 MCM of water per year, considering the past monthly power generation and discharge patterns. If the Hwacheon reservoir performs a routine operation utilizing its water supply capacity, it can contribute to stabilizing the water supply during dry seasons in the Han River Basin.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.154-159
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• 2008

Purpose: Although most surgeons generally administer prophylactic antibiotics for more than three days, the optimal duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis in elective gastric surgery is still open to debate. The aim of this study was to determine if the duration of prophylactic antibiotic use can affect the recovery of patients after elective gastric surgery. Materials and Methods: A total of 93 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled in this study, between January 2007 and December 2007. Patients were excluded if they had an infection at the time of surgery or they underwent an emergency operation. The first antibiotics were commonly given from just prior to the operation. The patients were divided into three groups according to the operation periods: those who received antibiotics only on the day of operation (arm A), those who received antibiotics for up to 3 days (arm B), and those who received antibiotics for more than 5 days postoperatively (arm C). The antibiotic that was used was second generation cephalosporin. Results: The rate of surgical site infection was 12.9% (n=4) in arm A, 16.1% (n=5) in arm B and 19.4% (n=6) in arm C, respectively (P=0.788). No relationship was observed between the duration of prophylaxis and the rate of fever or the neutrophil counts during postoperative 7 days (P=0.119, P=0.855). Conclusion: The prophylactic effect of antibiotics on recovery, with the antibiotics being received only on the day of the operation, is as effective as receiving antibiotics for a longer duration after gastric cancer surgery.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 2008

The study presents the results of 1,4-dioxane degradation using zero valent (Fe$^0$) or Fe$^{2+}$ ions with and without UV. During the reaction, the change of [Fe$^{2+}$] and [Fe$^{2+}$]/[Fe(t)], the concentration ratio of ferrous ion to total iron ion in solution was measured. Less than 10% degradation of 1,4-dioxane was observed by UV-only, Fe$^0$-only, and Fe$^{2+}$-only conditions, and also the changes of [Fe$^{2+}$] and [Fe$^{2+}$]/[Fe(t)] were minimal in each reaction. However, the oxidation of Fe$^0$ was enhanced with the irradiation of UV by approximately 25% and the improvement of 1,4-dioxane degradation was observed. Fenton reaction ($Fe^{2+}+H_2O_2$) showed higher degradation efficiency of 1,4-dioxane until 90 min, which of the degradation was stopped after that time. In the reaction of Fe$^{2+}$ and UV, the ratio of [Fe$^{2+}$]/[Fe(t)] decreased then slowly increased after a certain time indicating the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe$^{2+}$. In case of Fe$^0$ in the presence of UV, the first-order rate constant was found to be 1.84$\times$10$^{-3}$ min$^{-1}$ until 90 min, and then changed to 9.33$\times$10$^{-3}$ min$^{-1}$ when the oxidation of Fe$^{2+}$ mainly occurred. In this case [Fe$^{2+}$]/[Fe(t)] kept decreasing for the reaction. However, the addition of perchlortae (ClO$_4^-$) in the reaction of Fe$^0$ and UV induced the continuous increase of [Fe$^{2+}$]/[Fe(t)] ratio. The results mean the primary degradation factor of 1,4-dioxane is the oxidation by the radicals generated from the redox reaction between Fe$^{2+}$ and Fe$^{3+}$. Also, both UV and ClO$_4^-$ played the role inducing the reduction of Fe$^{3+}$, which is important to degrade 1,4-dioxane by enhancing the generation of radicals.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.177-192
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• 2018

The mission of the university is to grow young people who will be responsible for the next generation nation to mature society. In particular, the role of universities in the 4th Industrial Revolution era is to foster creative talents. Therefore, innovative changes are required for existing infusion education and employment-oriented college education contents and teaching methodology. In the high youth unemployment rate, entrepreneurship education is spreading to universities to innovate existing organizations and create new jobs. Until now, however, the effects of university entrepreneurship education have been studied mainly in the field of start-up. Therefore, it is very difficult to study various effects on entrepreneurship education. In this study, empirical analysis of the effect of entrepreneurship training on career preparation behaviors of university students who are about to enter the society is verified. The sample of this study was surveyed from August, 2016, and the questionnaire was applied to 393 university students who selected 5 universities and entrepreneurship education. As a result of the analysis, the ability of communicative communication and creative problem solving cultivated through entrepreneurship education had a positive effect on entrepreneurship and self - efficacy, Entrepreneurship and self - efficacy had a positive (+) positive effect on career preparation behavior. However, cooperative communication ability, creative problem solving ability, and effective work behavior ability by entrepreneurship education were not directly related to career preparation behavior. On the other hand, in verifying the mediating effect of entrepreneurship and self - efficacy, it proved that mediating role of positive communication between collaborative communication ability, creative problem solving ability and career preparation behavior. The implications of this study are as follows This study examines the effects of university entrepreneurship education on career preparedness behaviors.In other words, the university proved the direct effect and the mediating effect that affects positively (+) effect on career preparation behaviors by encouraging entrepreneurship and self - efficacy, rather than quantitative extension based on competency. Also, the implication of the parameters (entrepreneurship, self - efficacy) as a key variable for the effect and performance of career preparation behavior was derived.It also suggests that it is necessary to improve the creativity ability of entrepreneurship education so that it can have a direct and meaningful influence on career preparation behavior. First of all, it is urgent to develop a qualitative evaluation index for entrepreneurship education in order to measure these effects. Therefore, further study is required to verify the various implications for future entrepreneurship education, as well as the implications that entrepreneurship education is indispensable for the preparation of university students' careers.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.139-178
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• 2003

This study investigates Koreans respondents' perception of American society, American people and its influence in Korea and the world. These analyses have been conducted to provide the psychological, social and cultural basis for understanding the anti-American sentiments among Korean junior high school students, university students and adults. American influence is further divided into American influence on Korean society, on North-South Korean unification, and in the world. In addition, respondents' knowledge of the USA, their satisfaction with the current political functioning, and background information were obtained. A total of 763 respondents (171 junior high school students, 250 university students, and 342 parents of junior high school students) completed a survey questionnaire developed by the first two authors. The overall results indicate that the respondents had a negative view of the USA and its influence in Korea and the world. Majority of respondents perceive American society as being commercial, exclusionary, and ethnocentric. Some respondents perceive American society as being democratic and advanced. As for American people, they are perceive them as being selfish and at the same time independent and carefree. The trust for American society is very low. As for American influence in Korea, it is perceived it as creating dependency and less likely to be perceived as promoting progress and development. As for North-South Korean relations, respondents perceive the USA as interfering with the unification of two Koreas. Finally, respondents perceive the USA as a superpower with imperialistic and dominating tendencies and they were less like to perceive the USA as promoting democracy and justice. Significant differences across the age groups have been found with the junior high school students holding the most negative view about the USA and their parents holding the most positive view of the USA. University students had mixed views of the USA. holding both positive and negative views of the USA. Those respondents with greater dissatisfaction of the political system and with less knowledge about the USA has more negative views of the USA.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.37
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• pp.197-219
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• 2014

, one of the Disney's animations, hit the 10 million audience mark for the first time in the history of animations released in Korea. not only raised the fever with its theme song, 'Let it go', as well as Elsa, Anna, and Olaf's character products but caused sensations in many ways. If so, we need to think about what kind of meaning did create in Korea to be so sensational. This study examines the value that Frozen intended to deliver and the meaning it generated by using Greimas actant model and semiotic square. From the actant model analysis on Anna and Elsa from , it was identified that Anna desired to recover her relationship with Elsa and to take summer back in Arendelle. Her desires can be interpreted as her love toward Elsa and people in Arendelle. Meanwhile, Elsa always desired freedom although she confined herself because of her ability to freeze. In other words, Elsa desired to free herself from her freezing ability by finding out how to control her ability. Such desires of Anna and Elsa were achieved by their actions of true love, and the solution of all the conflicts in was an action of true love. From the semiotic square analysis on the meaning of , it was found out that created past-oriented value with which characters tried to change their abnormal lives of the present into their normal lives of the past. The characters tried to change their present lives where freezing winter comes in the middle of summer, communication between the sisters is cut off, and people try to take advantage of the abnormal state deliberately, into the past when the sisters had a good relationship and the natural season of summer in Arendelle. The past-oriented value that tried to tell us is similar to our reality. In our reality with a lot of unbelievable news and unstable circumstances, we desire to go back to the past when we were filled with affection and hope even though our lives were tough and difficult. This sentiment must have contributed to the huge success of in Korea.