• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.91-102
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• 2019

Gwangbok is the best example of the dramatic changes after the 1970s in residential and urban planning as political power shifted from Kim Il-sung to his son. Kim Jong-il. Therefore, despite the limited available data on North Korea, we first attempted to accurately describe the design process used to develop Gwangbok. This study investigated the following aspects of North Korean urban planning by examining Gwangbok. First, we clarified Kim Jong-il's aesthetics, which had a key role in the Gwangbok design. We particularly analysed the ideas expressed in his literary writings. Second, we identified the major ideas of the North Korean architects and urban planners who implemented Kim Jong-il's interventions. Last, we reviewed the Soviet Union's influence on the discourse about North Korean residential and urban planning during the post-Khrushchev era. This analysis improves our understanding of the trends during the 1970s and 1980s in socialist residential construction, which was a relatively flexible and open prefabrication approach.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.409-418
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• 2020

Objectives: This study conducted an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis of trends in healthy lifestyle behaviors in Japan. Methods: We used National Health and Nutrition Survey data on salt intake and prevalence of smoking, drinking, and physical activity between 1995 and 2018 in Japan. Age groups were defined from 20 years to 69 years old in 10-year increments. Cohorts were defined for each age group of each year with a 1-year shift, and cohorts born in 1926-1935 (first cohort) until 1989-1998 (last cohort) were examined. We conducted a Bayesian APC analysis, calculating estimated values for each behavior by age group, period, and cohort. Results: Estimated salt intake decreased from cohorts born in the 1930s to the 1960s, but increased thereafter in both genders, and the magnitude of increase was larger for men. Estimated smoking prevalence increased in the cohorts starting from the 1930s for men and the 1940s for women, and then decreased starting in the cohorts born in the 1970s for both genders. Although estimated drinking prevalence decreased starting in the cohorts born in approximately 1960 for men, for women it increased until the cohorts born in approximately 1970. Estimated physical activity prevalence decreased starting in the cohorts born in the 1940s in both genders, but the magnitude of decrease was larger for women. Conclusions: Trends in cohort effects differed by gender, which might be related to changes in the social environment for women. Improvements in dietary and exercise habits are required in more recently born cohorts of both genders.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.89-102
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• 2004

Modern society is age of sports just as health and leisure became dominant concern, which has caused the fixation and development to sports wear considered as fashion for everyday dress. This paper focused on the development process and aesthetic characteristics of knit design expressed in the 20th century sports wear. The importance and direction of knit design in modern sports wear is expected. Style, items, fabrics, colors, details and top designers were analyzed in sports wear from the 1910' s to 1990' s. Sports wear can be categorized into two of the active sports wear and spectator sports wear. Since disappearance of division between ordinary wear and sports fashion in the 1970' s, the functional wear of leggings, cycle shorts, exercise clothes, leotard, and leg warmer appeared. Vicennial developments of synthetic fibers and new fabrics have caused the great changes in knit design. Colors were vivid in the 1950' s, metallic in the 1970' s and neon in the 1990' s. Sportive sense was expressed by various details. The dominant knit designers who expressed aesthetic characteristics to sports wear were Coco Chanel, Claire McCardell, Balenciaga, Andre Courrege, Pierre Cardin, Yves Saint-Laurent, Ralph Lauren, Donna Karan, and Giogio Armani.

• Architectural research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2018

This article explores the complex modes of experiencing the modern city that are engaging and disengaging by nature, which thus negates any simple ways of understanding what it means by 'the urban' in a Manichean comparison. What follows is an in-depth case study of Gordon Matta-Clark's 1976 film titled City Slivers. Influenced by the countercultural practices prevalent in the 1960s and 1970s, Matta-Clark produced a number of works roughly grouped together under the rubric of "building cuts." Among many others, City Slivers is distinctive among Matta-Clark's extensive cutting projects, in the sense that he actively utilizes film as a primary expressive medium and poetically reassembles fragmentary images of cityscape in order to bring forth an alternative urban scenario where the tension between institution-bound urbanization and dispersed daily urban practices is highlighted. Instead of simply being critical against the changing urban conditions of Manhattan in the 1970s, Matta-Clark aims to actively grasp ambivalent instances of urban life that are at once attractive and alienating, thereby excavating the subconscious terrain of contemporary urbanism that is prevalent but often dismissed over glamorous urban projects.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1970.10a
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• pp.89.1-89.1
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• 1970

• Archives of design research
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• v.20
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• pp.13-22
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• 1997

The formation of design in Korea and the consensus on it's necessity began in 1960's. Industrial design started to be realistically recognized and formed with the establishment of The Korea Industrial & Packaging Design Center. Later on, the industrialization in 1970s has contributed to industrial design campaigns. Now industrial design in Korea shows almost 50-year-long history respectively, and the nation's GNP soars over $ 10, 000. This study focuses on the promotion of effective advances in graphic design, which is said to be most essential in the industry. For this, graphic designer's view on their occupation and the world with their anticipation towards further development of graphic design has been discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.101-111
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• 1970

저자들은 1970년 8월에 채집된 거제도산 지렁이 총 251 개체를 정리한 결과 다음 2과 2속 9종을 얻었다. Pheretima acincta, Ph. agrestis, Ph. geojeinsulae n. sp., Ph. gucheonensis n. sp., Ph. heteropoda, Ph. hilgendorfi, Ph. koreana and Ph. soulensis; Allolobophora caliginosa trapezoides. 거제도의 지렁이에 관해서는 지금까지 보고된 바 없으므로 이들은 전부 거제도 미기록종이되며 이들 중에는 한국 미기리록종 Ph. acincta(Goto et Hatai, 1899)와 두개의 신종, Ph. geojeinsulae, Ph. gucheonensis를 포함하고 있다. Ph. geojeinsulae는 체장 185-210mm, 체폭 10-12mm, 체절수 125-136개, spermathecal pore는 2雙으로서 5/6 및 6/7에 있다. 본 종은 spermathecal pore region과 male pore region의 모양으로 이 속의 다른 종과는 뚜렷이 구별된다. 또 Ph. gucheonensis는 일본산의 Ph. tappensis Ohfuchi, 1935와 비슷하나 체장이 짧으며 (70:100), 특히 내부의 spermatheca의 모양이 전혀 다를 뿐 아니라 10/11, 11/12의 septa가 있는 점으로 뚜렷이 구별된다.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.33-37
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• 1970

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.88-93
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• 1999

In modern period, the history of highway landscaping can be divided into three stages. The first stage from the late 1960s to the early 1970s : during this period revegetation operation started and landscape architecture was introduced. The second stage from the late 1970s to the early 1980s : during this period the definition of functional planting which had played the most important role in highway landscaping was established. Also, highway landscaping was influenced by Japan, and the revegetation of highway slopes were applied with Seedspray, Block-sodding methods, and so on. The third stage from late 1980s to the present : during this period eco-landscaping was introduced and began to mix with ecosystem techniques. The revegetation works of cutting-rock slopes have widely been developed. Many people think that landscaping is necessary for us, and that revegetation method is effective to conserve slope environment. Based on accumulated data we have to improve the function of landscaping and revegetation method, and also have to establish the method of landscaping harmonized with our own landscape.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.163-176
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• 1992

Three species of foreign barnacles were found to invade into Korean interitidal seashores: Balanus amphitrite, B. ebumeus and B. improvisus. The southeastern coast of Korea, near Pusan, is the area where all the specimens of three species were discovered and the populations of these species were well establishe. B. amphitrite is the earliest invader(probably invaded around early 1970's) and most widely distributed in Korea. It is now distributed all around Korea, except the Yellow Sea coast, north of Mokpo. B. improvisus has been successful to expand its reange to the northern part of Korean coast of the East Sea, whereas B. eburneus is restricted to the southeastern coast. B. amphitrite is successfully competing with the native barnacle, B. albicostatus, and in several areas where the mixed populations of the two species occur, the latter species is found to excluded. The Yellow Sea coast has not been invaded by the foreign barnacles, the reason of which is not known.