• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.407-411
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• 2022

Bulk-sized PbTiO₃ (PT), which is widely known as a high-performance ferroelectric oxide but cannot be fabricated into a monolithic ceramic due to its high c/a ratio, was successfully prepared with a high tetragonality by partially substituting Ni ions for Pb ions using a solid-state reaction method. We found that Ni-doped PT was well-fabricated as a bulk monolith with a significant c/a ratio of ~1.06. X-ray diffraction on as-sintered and crushed samples revealed that NiTiO₃ secondary phase was present at the doping level of more than 2 at.%. Scanning electron microscopic study showed that NiTiO₃ secondary phase grew on the surface of PT specimens regardless of the doping level possibly due to the evaporation of Pb during sintering. We demonstrated that an unconventional introduction of Ni ions into A-site plays a key role on the fabrication of bulk PT, though how Ni ion functions should be studied further. We expect that this study contributes to a further development of displacive ferroelectric oxides with a high c/a ratio.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.188-193
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• 1997

The lanthanum-modified lead titanate (PLT) thin films on (100) cleaved MgO single crystal substrate have been prepared by RF magnetron sputtering method using PbO-rich target with varing La contents. The substrate temperature, working pressure, $Ar/O_{2}$, and RF power density of PLT thin films were $580^{\circ}C$ 10mTorr, 10/1, and $1.7W/cm^{2}$, respectively. In these conditions, the c-axis growth and tetragonality of the PLT thin films decreased for addition of La content and the PLT thin films showed diffuse phase transition from high temperature XRD patterns. The infrared sensor was fabricated. The remanent polarization was above $1.71{\mu}C/cm^{2}$ and the pyroelectric voltage was above 500mV with 10:1 signal to noise ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.2 s.273
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• pp.123-126
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• 2005

Barium Titanate (BT) powders were synthesized by solvothermal method with an ethanol as a solvent. The average particle size was increased with the feedstock concentration: the size was 59 nm at $6.25{\times}10^{-2}$ M and 89 nm at 0.5 M. The sample obtained at 0.5 M concentration was analysed by Rietveld refinement and the mole fraction of tetragonal phase was $75.5\%$ and lattice parameter of tetragonal phase was a=0.3999 (nm), c=0.4032 (nm), and cubic phase was a=0.4015 (nm). TEM analysis for the samples with condition of annealing at $500^{\circ}C$ for I h showed that hydroxyl ions on oxygen sites were not found for these experimental conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.136-142
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• 2022

The crystal structure, grain growth behavior, and dielectric properties of BaTiO₃ have been studied with the addition of Dy₂O₃. The powders were synthesized at ratios of (100-x)BaTiO₃-xDy₂O₃ (mol%, x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0) by a conventional solid-state synthesis, and the powder compacts were sintered at 1250℃ for 2 hours in air. As the amount of added Dy₂O₃ was increased, the crystal structure of the sintered samples changed from a tetragonal to a pseudo-cubic structure, and the tetragonality decreased. In addition, a secondary phase of Ba₁₂Dy_4.67Ti₈O₃₅ appeared when Dy₂O₃ was added. The average grain size after sintering decreased and abnormal grains appeared as the amount of Dy₂O₃ increased. It can be explained that the grain growth behavior of the Dy₂O₃ added-BaTiO₃ occurs due to the two-dimensional nucleation and growth, and is governed by the interface reaction. Further, the correlation between crystal structure, microstructure, and dielectric properties was discussed.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.465-474
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• 2023

The effects of La³⁺ substitution for Sr²⁺-site on the crystal structure and the dielectric properties of (Ba_0.7Sr_0.3-3x/2La_x) (Ti_0.9Zr_0.1)O₃ (BSLTZ) (0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.02) ceramics were investigated. The structural characteristics of the BSLTZ ceramics were quantitatively evaluated using the Rietveld refinement method from X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. For the specimens sintered at 1,550 ℃ for 6 h, a single phase with a perovskite structure and homogeneous microstructure were observed for the entire range of compositions. With increasing La³⁺ substitution (x), the unit cell volume decreased because the ionic size of La³⁺ (1.36 Å) ions is smaller than that of Sr²⁺ (1.44 Å) ions. With increasing La³⁺ substitution (x), the tetragonal phase fraction increased due to the A-site cation size mismatch effect. Dielectric constant (ε_r) increased with the La³⁺ substitution (x) due to the increase in tetragonality (c/a) and the average B-site bond valence of the ABO₃ perovskite. The BSLTZ ceramics showed a higher dielectric loss due to the smaller grain size than that of (Ba_0.7Sr_0.3)(Ti_0.9Zr_0.1)O₃ ceramics. BSLTZ (x = 0.02) ceramics met the X7R specification proposed by the Electronic Industries Association (EIA).

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.764-768
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• 2004

Perovskite Pb(Mn_{1/3}Sbu_{2/3})O_2-Pb(Zr,Ti)O_3\;(PMS-PZT) was prepared and ZnO doping effects on its piezoelectric properties were investigated. Pyrochlore phase was not identified in the PMS-PZT ceramics with $0\sim5\;mol\%$ ZnO sintered at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs, and maximum sintered density of $7.92 g/cm^3$ was obtained. Piezoelectric charge constant and voltage constant increased to $359{\times}10^{-12}\;C/N\;and\;22.5{\times}10^{-13}\;Vm/N$, respectively, with increasing ZnO content. Mechanical quality factor reduced considerably with increasing ZnO content. When the ZnO content was 3 $mol\%$, electromechanical coupling factor and relative dielectric constant showed maximum values of $56\%$ and 1727, respectively. This should be evaluated by complicated variations of sintered density, tetragonality of lattice, grain size, and A-site vacancy generated by ZnO addition and $Zn^{2+}$ substitution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.3-7
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• 1994

In this study, to improve sintering condition, anisotropic Property(k$\_$t//k$\_$p/) of electromechanical coupling coefficients, and hydrostatic piezoelerlric constants d$\_$h/ and g$\_$h/, MnO$_2$impurity was added to the (Pb$\_$0.76/Ca$\_$0.24)[(Co$\_$$\frac{1}{2}$W$\_$$\frac{1}{2}$/)$\_$0.04/Ti$\_$0.96/]O$_3$ System ceramics for hydrophone. And the structural, electrical properties of them were investigated. As a results. tetragonality was decreased with MnO$_2$ additives and density was the highest value of 7.06(g/㎤) at H2-3 specimen. Electromechanical coupling coefficients of H2-3 specimen were k$\_$t/=49 and k$\_$p/ 0, which exibited the hightest hydrostatic piezoelectric constants of d$\_$h/=64.52[10$\^$-1/C/N] and g$\_$h/=35.92[10$\^$-3/ Vm/N].

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.891-896
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• 1993

Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 and (1-x)Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3-xPbTiO3 ceramics were prepared by the precalcination method. Their structural and dielectric properties were investigated. The amount of perovsikte phase was increased by the precalcination and the dielectric properties of ceramics were improved. Additions of PbTiO3 were found to increase the tetragonality (c/a) of crystal lattice and Tc. In the middle region of (1-x)Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3-xPbTiO3, duffuse phase transitions (DPT) were observed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.204-208
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• 2013

In this study, $KNbO_3$-substituted (Li,Na,K)(Nb,Sb,Ta)$O_3$ ceramics were investigated to develop Pb-free composition ceramics for multilayer actuator and energy harvester applications. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that all samples were pure perovskite phase and no secondary phase was found. A tetragonality as a function of $KNbO_3$ substitution showed the maximum value at 1.5 mol% $KNbO_3$ and then decreased. The SEM image analysis showed the maximum grain size of $3.14{\mu}m$ at 1.5mol% $KNbO_3$. In the composition ceramics with 1.5 mol% $KNbO_3$ sintered at $1,100^{\circ}C$, excellent properties of density= 4.75 $g/cm^3$, electromechanical coupling factor ($k_p$)= 0.50 and piezoelectric constant($d_{33}$)= 290 pC/N were obtained, respectively, suitable for piezoelectric actuator and energy harvester applications.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.956-961
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• 1999

When the 0-2 mol% of $\textrm{La}_{3+}$ were added to the nanocrystalline $BaTiO_3$ powders and sintered at $1200~1400^{\circ}C$, the nanocrystailine $BaTiO_3$ ceramics having the average grain size of 110-240 nm were obtained except for when no $\textrm{La}_{3+}$ was added and sintered at > $1350^{\circ}C$. As the average grain size decreased from 240 nm to 110 nm, the tetragonality (c/a) and volume fraction of the $90^{\circ}$ domain decreased, and all the properties such as relative dielectric constant at room temperature, maximum relative dielectric constant at the temperature of phase transformation $\textrm{T}_{c}$ and diffuseness of phase transformation at $\textrm{T}_{c}$ also decreased. The results were attributed to the internal stress induced by inhibition of the $90^{\circ}$ domain formation in the case of finer grain size.