• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 2015

As performance of electronic personal dosimeter (EPD) used for auxiliary personal dosimeter in nuclear power plants (NPPs) has been being continuously improved, we investigated application cases in Korea and other countries and also tested it in NPPs to assess the performance of EPD for external radiation dosimetry. Result of performance tests done in domestic NPPs was similar to those obtained by IAEA in cooperation with EURADOS (IAEA-TECDOC-1564). In addition, EPD/TLD dose ratio has shown similar tendency of EPD/Film-badge dose ratio from the research by the Japan Atomic Power Company (JAPC) and EPD provided more conservative value than TLD or Film-badge. Although some EPD's failures have been discussed, EPD has shown continuous improvement according to the report of Institute of Nuclear Power Operation (INPO) and data from domestic NPPs. In conclusion, It is considered that the general performance of EPD is adequate for external radiation dosimetry compared with that of TLD, providing appropriate performance checking procedure and alternative measures for functional failure.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.112-126
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of employees' physical attractiveness in foodservice companies on interpersonal relationship, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior and the moderating effect of gender and company types. Based on total 553 samples obtained from the empirical research, this study reviewed reliability and the fitness of a research model and verified total 3 hypotheses using the Amos program. The hypothesized relationships in the model were tested simultaneously by using a structural equation model(SEM). The proposed model provided an adequate fit to the data, $x^2$(df 179)=627.230, p<0.01, CMIN/DF 3.504, RMR 0.228, GFI 0.903, AGFI 0.875, NFI 0.935, CFI 0.953, RMSEA 0.067. SEM resulted that the employees' physical attractiveness(face attractiveness: $\beta=0.213$; body attractiveness: $\beta=0.111$) showed a significant effect on interpersonal relationship, and interpersonal relationship($\beta=0.375$) had a significant effect on job satisfaction. Also, job satisfaction($\beta=0.756$) had a significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. As a result of analyzing the moderating role, the effect of the employees' physical attractiveness in foodservice companies on interpersonal relationship, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior was moderated by both of gender and company types. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.113-124
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• 2014

This study investigated the quality characteristics of Yanggeng sweetened with various amounts of trehalose (0, 40, 60, 80, 100 % of trehalose) and their changes during storage times. The moisture content, color value, $^{\circ}Brix$, pH, texture profile, QDA and acceptance for samples were tested. As a result of the mechanical tests, moisture content and pH were increased while hardness were decreased with increased trehalose content. Also, moistness, gloss and after taste were increased with increased trehalose in the sensory attribute difference test. Acceptance test showed Yanggeng with 60% trehalose and 40% sucrose obtained the highest scores on flavor, taste and overall acceptability. During storage in refrigerator, Yanggeng sweetened with higher % of trehalose showed significantly higher moisture content, and lower syneresis and hardness than the control sweetened with only sucrose. The results of the sensory test showed that 60% trehalose Yanggeng was the highest in flavor, after taste, and overall acceptability.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.5-34
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• 2004

This study aims to find out the determinants of burnout in order to better understand the burnout process among social workers. For this purpose, a hypothetical model which explains the relationships among 8 job-related stressors (role ambiguity, role overload, difficulties in solving problems of clients, conflict with the clients, lack of support from the supervisor, closed communication pattern, bureaucracy, and lack of accountability), 4 mediators (job-stress, professional role performance, abiding by the agency policy and partiality in service delivery), and 4 dimensions of burnout (physical exhaustion, psychological exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment) was developed. Using the data collected from 207 social workers, the hypothetical model was tested. For data analysis, a path analysis was used, and the best-fitting model was found(df=66, $x^2$=63.250, GFI=0.962, CFI=1.00). As a result of this study, the following results were found. Burnout among social workers was increased by the 6 job-related stressors(role ambiguity, role overload, difficulties in solving problems of clients, conflict with the clients, lack of support from the supervisor, closed communication pattern). Job-stress, the mediating variable of the emotional path to burnout, increased professional role performance and the abiding by agency policy, and finally increased burnout. On the other hand, professional self-efficacy (which consists of professional role performance, abiding by agency policy and partiality in service delivery), the mediationg variable of the cognitive path to burnout, reduced burnout when the professional role performance was high, and abiding by agency policy and partiality in service delivery were low.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.70
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• pp.5-15
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• 2007

Octagonal green glass bottle with long neck(녹유리장경각병) was found in the tomb of the princess Hwayu who was King Youngjo's daughter by a concubine while the tomb was exhumed and buried in another place around Bucheon City, Gyeonggi-do. This octagonal glass bottle is dark green. It was made in AD 1736-A1795 because it was cngraved an inscription of "건륭년제" the bottom. This glass bottle was taken an X-ray radiography and tested adhesives and restoration materials for the conservation. Loctite 401 was suitable as considering the translucency of the glass bottle, good adhesive property and reversibility of the adhesive so it was chosen. A minute piece of the glass was analyzed the composition and lead isotope ratio. Major chemical composition of the glass bottle consisted of SiO2, K2O, and PbO system and the ratio was 68: 18.5:5.7. Green color of glass bottle was due to Fe2O3 and CuO. When the glass bottle was made, quartz as raw material of silica and K2O as natural saltpeter(KNO3) were utilized. As a result of lead isotope ratio analysis, it was suggested that the galena as raw material of lead for glass making came from the southern part of China. These results are expected to become useful data in background of glass culture and circulation study of old glass.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.97-100
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• 1992

The optimum condition for the extraction of antimicrobial substance from Lithospermi radix was investigated. For the purpose of obtaining basic data for the development of natural preservatives and for the prevention of food poisoning accidents, its antimicrobial activity was tested against several kinds of saprophytic microbes and food poisoning bacteria. The optimum condition for extraction of antimicrobial substance was to steep Lithospermi radix into 95% ethanol for 24 hours at room temperature. Antimicrobial activity was observed at the pH range $5.0{\sim}8.0$, but its activity became stronger at acidic condition. The result of ion exchange chromatography was showed that the antimicrobial activity of anionic portion was more apparent than that of cationic portion. The antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria was stronger than that of Gram negative bacteria and the growth of food poisoning bacteria such as S. aureus and V. parahaemolyticus was inhibited in the concentration of 0.1% for 48 hours. As for mold and yeast, the growth of some kinds of these organisms was inhibited in the concentration of 0.1 % for 48 hours and the growth of nearly all the fungi was inhibited in the concentration of 0.15% for 96 hours.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.136-143
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• 2009

The injuries as a result of fall accidents is the one of the most common kind of injuries in Korea, especially fall from height is the top most common kind for fatal injuries. Futhermore, the number of fall injuries in manufacturing industry has been steadily increasing from 2000 to 2007. In 2007 the number of fall fatal injuries increased 10.6 % in comparison with the number in 2006. These numbers are 6~17 times higher than those for foreign countries such as the U.K and the USA. So, it is needed to make a study to reduce these numbers for manufacturing industry. To get the goals, we did research as followings. First, this study analyzed statistics by industry, by fall height, by common agent and so on to gain an insight into real aspect of fall injuries. It showed that ladder is the commonly cited agent for manufacturing industry, and 3 risky activities ; the ladder work, the load/unload work, and the maintenance work. Secondly, this study made a survey of manufacturing workers for their understandings of the most 3 risky activities. It showed that 'tendency to work easily' and 'difficulty of applying measures due to inherent working conditions' are main reasons for workers not to implement the preventive measures against the fall accidents. Thirdly, this study tested the slip characteristics of ladder base and lungs. The tests were done based on ANSI standard and KS. In addition to the standard condition, this study performed slip tests in wet and sandy conditions and compared the results with the those of standard condition. It showed that friction coefficient is standard condition > wet condition > sandy condition, and the friction coefficient of ladder for sandy condition is measured to be reduced by 63.9% compared with that for standard condition. Finally, this study developed safety work models for using of portable ladders in consideration of the safety standards of foreign countries such as the U.K, the USA, and the Australia.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 1979

In order to determine the effects of different degrees of moisture stress on germination of various plant species, hundred seeds of six vegetables and six turfgrasses were germinated in petri dishes on filter papers moistened with water-mannitol solutions of 0, 2, 4, 8, 10, and 12 atmosphere osmotic concentration (degrees of moisture stress). The percentages and rates of germination of all species tested were generally decreased with: increase in moisture stress. Chinese cabbage and cucumber were quite resistant to physiological drought as the germination was not appreciably affected until moisture stress exceeded 10 atmosphere. However, increase in moisture stress decreased germination affecting most seriously tomato, carrot and squash. Weeping lovegrass, Italian ryegrass and perennial ryegrass germinated well at 10 atmosphere but the germination of Kentucky bluegrass, meadow fescue and orchardgrass was greatly reduced by increasing osmotic pressure. The result indicates that it may be possible to select drought resistant species and varieties by their ability to germinate in osmotic solutions.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.681-687
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• 2011

Bioorgan transgenic cloned mini pig has a problem of growth retardation in uterus during end of pregnancy so that survival rate is very low in newborn piglet. In order to support their life after birth, cesarean section of fetus with sufficient growth in uterus was tested in this study. First of all, fetus growth measured using a ultrasound scanner during pregnancy in transgenic mini pig, comparing normal pig. After 113 days for delivering, fetus was removed out of uterus. Fetus growth for normal pig was 1.8 cm at 4weeks and 14.4 cm at end of pregnancy (15 weeks). At 113 days, fetus growth was $15.9{\pm}4$ cm in ultrasound scanner and real growth measurement from fetus removal out of uterus was $16.0{\pm}2$ cm. It is very a similar result between measurement of ultrasound scanner and real measurement. Therefore, using ultrasound scanner for measuring fetus growth will be useful to predict fetus growth in uterus.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.497-503
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a program geared toward improving elderly people's oral function. After a program was provided to the selected elderly people free of charge for three months, they were asked to rate their own oral function to see whether they underwent any changes after their participation in the program, and their oral function was tested to obtain objective data. The collected data were analyzed by the statistical package SPSS WIN 18.0. The findings of the study were as follows: As for changes in their self-rated indicators of oral function, they faced less troubles in most of the oral function items after they participated in the program, and there were statistically significant differences in some of the items. As a result of making an objective evaluation of their oral function, they underwent a little change in salivary flow rate from 1.19 to 1.30, though the change was not statistically significant. In terms of opening, they showed a statistically significant rise of scores from 4.22 to 4.53, and they also showed a statistically significant rise of scores in pronunciation from 30.52 to 38.88. Regarding satisfaction with the program, they gave 4.48 to the program, which implied that they were greatly satisfied with the program. The abovementioned findings suggest that oral health experts and program providers should try to encourage elderly people to keep on taking oral health programs with interest. Currently, oral exercise programs are conducted in some public health centers and in the field of clinical dentistry, and it's required to offer more oral exercise programs as community exercise programs for the elderly.