• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.14.1-14.11
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• 2022

Background: Carnivore protoparvovirus 1, also known as canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), is the main pathogen in hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in dogs, with a high mortality rate. Three subtypes (a, b, c) have been described based on VP2 residue 426, where 2a, 2b, and 2c have asparagine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid, respectively. Objectives: This study examined the presence of CPV-2 variants in the fecal samples of dogs diagnosed with canine parvovirus in Bogotá. Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 54 puppies and young dogs (< 1 year) that tested positive for the CPV through rapid antigen test detection between 2014-2018. Molecular screening was developed for VP1 because primers 555 for VP2 do not amplify, it was necessary to design a primer set for VP2 amplification of 982 nt. All samples that were amplified were sequenced by Sanger. Phylogenetics and structural analysis was carried out, focusing on residue 426. Results: As a result 47 out of 54 samples tested positive for VP1 screening, and 34/47 samples tested positive for VP2 980 primers as subtype 2a (n = 30) or 2b (n = 4); subtype 2c was not detected. All VP2 sequences had the amino acid, T, at 440, and most Colombian sequences showed an S514A substitution, which in the structural modeling is located in an antigenic region, together with the 426 residue. Conclusions: The 2c variant was not detected, and these findings suggest that Colombian strains of CPV-2 might be under an antigenic drift.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.6-13
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• 2000

Melanin is specifically produced in melanocytes. The pathway for melanin biosynthesis is mainly controlled by tyrosinase. To estimate the inhibitory effect of melanin biosynthesis from 31 medicinal plants extracts, we tested the inhibitory effects of the tyrosinase promoter on B16 mouse melanoma cells. The result of this study demonstrated that Mori Radicis Cortex and Castena Fractus extracts only in tested medicinal plant extracts have high inhibitory effects on tyrosinase promoters with very low cytotoxicity on B16 mouse melanoma cells. Therefore, extracts of Mori Radicis Cortex and Castena Fractus were evaluated as very effective negative regulators of tyrosinase gene expression.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.150-157
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• 2002

Background: Although Tat plays a role as a potent transactivator in the viral gene expression from the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 long terminal repeat (HIV-1 LTR), it does not function efficiently in rodent cells implying the absence of a human specific factor essential for Tat-medicated transactivation in rodent cells. In previous experiments, we demonstrated that one of chimeric forms of TAR (transacting responsive element) of HIV-1 LTR compensated the restriction in rodent cells. Methods: To characterize the nature of the compensation, we tested the effects of several upstream binding factors of HIV-1 LTR by simple substitution, and also examined the role of the configuration of the upstream binding factor(s) indirectly by constructing spacing mutants that contained insertions between Sp1 and TATA box on Tat-mediated transactivation. Results: Human Sp1 had no effect whereas its associated factors displayed differential effects in human and rodent cells. In addition, none of the spacing mutants tested overcame the restriction in rodent cells. Rather, when the secondary structure of the chimeric HIV-1 TAR construct was destroyed, the compensation in rodent cells was disappeared. Interestingly, the proper interaction between Sp1 and TATA box binding proteins, which is essential for Tat-dependent transcription, was dispensable in rodent cells. Conclusion: This result suggests that the human-specific Tat cofactor acts to allow Tat to interact effectively in a ribonucleoprotein complex that includes Tat, cellular factors, and TAR RNA, rather than be associated with the HIV-1 LTR upstream DNA binding factors.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.3184-3190
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• 2012

Color impurity in industrial effluents pose a significant risk to human health and the environment, so much effort has been expended to degrade them using various methods, including the use of clay minerals as adsorbent. The purpose of this study was to advance understanding of the mechanisms for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions onto montmorillonite as an adsorbent. Preliminary experiments showed that montmorillonite was effective for this purpose and adsorption equilibrium could be reached in about 24 h. Adsorption capacity of the clay decreased with increase in temperature and ionic strength, and increased with in pH. The fitness of equilibrium data to common isotherm equations such as the Langmuir, Freundlich, Elovich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich were tested. The Langmuir equation fitted to equilibrium data better than all tested isotherm models. Thermodynamic activation parameters such as ${\Delta}G^0$, ${\Delta}S^0$ and ${\Delta}H^0$ were also calculated and results were evaluated. As result montmorillonite clay was found as effective low cost adsorbent for removal of cationic dyes from waste waters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.151-152
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• 2015

Concrete parking slab is often deteriorated severely after winter season because of concrete's freezing and thawing phenomenon. In this study, some methods to improve resistance against freezing-thawing is experimentally tested.: 1) concrete strength, 2) air content in concrete, 3) saw-cut effect and finish material. After experiment, in case of no finishes, 24MPa concrete with 4% air content is tested best result in terms of relative elastics modulus among testes ones. In case of concrete with finishes, all specimens are improved regardless of finishes compared to concrete with no finishes. Improvement degree compared to no finish is as follows : Polyurea > Resin-mortar > hardener and the number of improvement degree is 5, 4, 2% respectively. Further work is required considering construction site condition such as gaining water on surface and remicon in order to reflect site condition.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.63-75
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a testing method of the quality of device application effectively reflecting the necessity of increasing mobile device application quality test, and designed and developed it as a web system. We have studied traditional software testing methods for designing and developing a system. We have developed a next-generation alternative technology that can analyze and compensate for the weaknesses of the web and weaknesses of the Android in order to realize the access system and the responsive web system. As an example applied to the system, we analyzed the requirements of the system implementation and expressed the functions of the system through the use case diagram. The test scenarios were conducted by connecting 5,000 devices to each system using the existing HTTP polling method and the proposed web socket method. After setting the comparative group, the result of the proposed web management system was observed and compared through repeated tests. The research shows that the proposed web socket system has better performance than HTTP polling. The more the number of simultaneous processing of the devices, the lower the server stability but the better the time efficiency. In conclusion, the more the number of devices to be tested is, the more the number of devices can be effectively tested using the proposed web management system.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.170-175
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to monitor bacteria present in raw water and to investigate the effect of ozone, UV and combined ozone/UV processes for inactivating bacteria. Both polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-fragment length polymorphic analysis (PRA) and PCR-sequence analysis (PSA) were applied for the simultaneous analysis of numerous bacteria species present in each tested water, such as drinking water (DRW), drinking water source (DRWS) and sewage effluent water (SEW). According to the result, the number of detected bacteria species was zero in DRW, 58 in DRWS and 13 in SEW. After treatment of the each process, the ozone/UV process was the most successful for inactivating almost all bacteria. However, it was found that Flavobacterium sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Beta proteobacterium sp. had strong resistant to all tested processes, requiring further detailed study.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.237-248
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• 2015

"Dynamic stabilization" systems have been developed in recent years to treat degenerative disorders of the spinal column. In contrast to arthrodesis (fusion), the aim here is to conserve intervertebral mobility to maximize comfort. When developing innovative concepts, many mechanical tests need to be carried out in order to validate the different technological solutions. The present study focuses on the B Dyn$^{(R)}$ "dynamic stabilization" device (S14$^{(R)}$ Implants, Pessac, France), the aim being to optimize the choice of polymer material used for one of the implant's components. The device allows mobility but also limit the range of movement. The stiffness of the ring remains a key design factor, which has to be optimized. Phase one consisted of static tests on the implant, as a result of which a polyurethane (PU) was selected, material no.2 of the five elastomers tested. In phase two, dynamic tests were carried out. The fatigue resistance of the B Dyn$^{(R)}$ system was tested over five million cycles with the properties of the polymer elements being measured using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) after every million cycles. This analysis demonstrated changes in stiffness and in the damping factor which guided the choice of elastomer for the B Dyn$^{(R)}$ implant.

• Water for future
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.317-325
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• 1985

In the analysis, monthly streamflow records atthe gauging station in Nakdong, Han and Geum river were used. Also, the fitness of monthly streamflow to Gamma and Long-normal distribution was tested by Kolomogorv-Smirnov test. The results obtained in this study can be summarized as follws (1) The fitness of monthly streamflow to two-parameter Gamma distribution was tested by Kolomorov-Smirnov test, which fits well to this Gamma distribution (2) The Run-length and Run-sum were simulated by the Gamma model. In this result, run-length and Run-sum of monthly streamflow were fit for Gamma model (3) The mean decreases (increases) the expected surplus (deficit) Run-Sum of the monthly streamflow. The higher the truncation level of negative Run-length and Run-sum the larger is the effect of mean.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.59-78
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• 2006

Considering rapid development of Internet Portal Site Contents in Korea, it is an important issue to analyze consumers' satisfaction and e-loyalty. This research develops, and empirically test a model for explaining/predicting the satisfaction and e-loyalty with internet-based Electronic Trade Site. This paper describes a theoretical model for investigating the Satisfaction and e-Loyalty of the Electronic Trade Site. This study investigates the concept of the satisfaction, e-loyalty in Electronic Trade Site and its determinants, and tries to establish e-loyalty analyzing model. The model of the satisfaction, e-loyalty electronic trade site is tested here using data from 158 samples. Based on the research model, a comprehensive set of hypotheses is formulated and a methodology for testing them is outlined. some of the hypotheses are tested empirically to demonstrate the applicability of the theoretical model. In examining the relationships of the determinants factors, service quality satisfaction show in significantly by Reliability, Information Provided, Trustworthiness, Convenience, International of contents but that show in not significantly by Interaction. In addition, Electronic Trade site retention shows indirect effect between customer satisfaction and referral. Although our research can not show the determinants of e-loyalty in the electronic trade site the empirical result give both theoretical and managerial implication for managing the consumers' satisfaction and e-loyalty in electronic trade site.