• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.124-129
• /
• 1996

TiN 기판상에 CVD와 무전해 도금을 이용하여 구리막을 성장시킬 때 여러 가지 전처리에 따른 증착 양상의 변화에 관하여 조사하였다. Cu(hfac)2를 선재(precursor)로 사용하여 CVD 증착을 실시할 때 각 전처리에 따른 TiN상의 구리막의 덮힘성(coverage)향상은 Pd-HF 활성화 처리>>HF dip> RF remote plasma의 순이었다. 특히 Pd-HF 활성화 처리를 해줄 경우 거의 완전한 연속막을 얻을수 있었으며 scotch tape peel test 결과 매우 양호한 부착특성을 보였으나, 이에 비해 전처리를 해주지 않은 경우에는 오랜 시간이 경과되어도 연속막으로 성장하지 못하고 섬모양의 큰 결정립을 이룰 뿐이었다. 이러한 차이는 Pd-HF 활성화 처리에 의해 표면에 미세하게 형성된 Pd층이 구리의 핵생성과 부착특성을 크게 향상시켰기 때문인 것으로 사료되며 이러한 효과는 무전해 도금의 경우에도 마찬가지였다. 그리고 기판과 증착온도에 따른 선택성을 보면 35$0^{\circ}C$이하에서는 pd-HF 활성화 처리에 의해서 SiO2에 대하여 TiN으로의 선택성을 가지나 그 이상의 온도에서는 선택성이 상실되었다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2017

In this paper, we propose an efficient dynamic workload balancing strategy which improves the performance of high-performance computing system. The key idea of this dynamic workload balancing strategy is to minimize execution time of each job and to maximize the system throughput by effectively using system resource such as CPU, memory. Also, this strategy dynamically allocates job by considering demanded memory size of executing job and workload status of each node. If an overload node occurs due to allocated job, the proposed scheme migrates job, executing in overload nodes, to another free nodes and reduces the waiting time and execution time of job by balancing workload of each node. Through simulation, we show that the proposed dynamic workload balancing strategy based on CPU, memory improves the performance of high-performance computing system compared to previous strategies.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.255-262
• /
• 2008

For the Han-river estuary and DMZ where white-naped crane (Grus vipio; endangered migratory bird) stopover or spend winter, the habitat composition and the habitat use pattern of white-naped crane were analyzed with the position data obtained by the satellite tracking method. By the use of geographic information system (GIS), the percent composition of seven habitat categories of white naped-crane data points (n=228) was analyzed. The chi-square test showed that the white-naped crane habitat use pattern was significantly different (p<0.05) from that of random points (n=228). It means that white-naped crane select and use particular habitat area in the Han-river estuary and DMZ.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.129-140
• /
• 2009

In this paper, we consider simultaneous confidence intervals for the difference of proportions between two groups taken from multivariate binomial distributions in a nonparametric way. We briefly discuss the construction of simultaneous confidence intervals using the method of adjusting the p-values in multiple tests. The features of bootstrap simultaneous confidence intervals using non-pooled samples are presented. We also compute confidence intervals from the adjusted p-values of multiple tests in the Westfall (1985) style based on a pooled sample. The average coverage probabilities of the bootstrap simultaneous confidence intervals are compared with those of the Bonferroni simultaneous confidence intervals and the Sidak simultaneous confidence intervals. Finally, we give an example that shows how the proposed bootstrap simultaneous confidence intervals can be utilized through data analysis.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2009.07a
• /
• pp.1891_1892
• /
• 2009

정밀한 소프트웨어 테스팅에서 테스트 케이스의 생성과 테스트 수행 작업은 많은 시간과 노력을 필요로 한다. 따라서 경험 있는 테스터 들은 적은 수의 테스트 케이스를 선택적으로 사용하여 보다 정확한 테스트를 수행할 수 있기를 요구한다. 테스트 케이스의 수를 줄이기 위해 수많은 연구가 진행되었다. 소프트웨어 테스팅에서 가장 기본이 되는 테스트는 단위 테스트이다. 본 논문에서는 블랙박스 테스팅에 사용되는 잘 알려진 테스트 후보 값 생성 및 조합 기법에 관한 기존 연구를 살펴보고 성능을 비교해 본다. 성능 비교를 위해 몇몇 예제 코드를 실험적으로 이용하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2011.06a
• /
• pp.217-220
• /
• 2011

LTL Synthesis와 그래프 커버리지를 이용하여 시스템의 요구사항으로 속성을 추출하여 GUI 의 테스트경로 생성에 대하여 설명한다. LTL Synthesis 는 GR formula 라는 특수한 형태를 사용하여 시스템의 상태, 환경으로부터의 입력 정보와 시스템의 행위, 상위 수준의 작업의 작업 명세를 입력으로 받아 GR formula 형태로 변환하고 기대되는 작업이 실현 가능하면 오토마타를 생성한다. 이렇게 생성된 오토마타에 그래프 커버리지를 이용하여 실험 가능한 GUI 테스트 경로를 생성하여 시스템을 검사한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.672-677
• /
• 2005

The standard reference collection of strains for E. coli, the ECOR collection, was analyzed by a genome-based typing method. Seventy-one ECOR strains were subjected to repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR genome fingerprinting with BOX primers (BOX-PCR). Using a similarity value of 0.8 or more after cluster analysis of BOX-PCR fingerprinting patterns to define the same genotypes, we identified 28 genotypes in the ECOR collection. Shannon's entropy-based diversity index was 3.07, and the incident-based coverage estimator indicated potentially 420 genotypes among E. coli populations. Chi-square test of goodness-of-fit showed statistically significant association between the genotypes defined by BOX-PCR fingerprinting and the groups previously defined by multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis. This study suggests that the diversification of E. coli strains in natural populations is actively ongoing, and rep-PCR fingerprinting is a convenient and reliable method to type E. coli strains for the purposes ranging from ecology to quarantine.ine.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2014

A cause-effect graph considers only the desired external behavior of a system by identifying input-output parameter relationships in the specification. When testing a software system with cause-effect graphs, it is important to derive a moderate number of tests while avoiding loss in fault detection ability. Pairwise testing is known to be effective in determining errors while considering only a small portion of the input space. In this paper, we present a new testing technique that generates pairwise tests from a cause-effect graph. We use a Boolean Satisbiability (SAT) solver to generate pairwise tests from a cause-effect graph. The Alloy language is used for encoding the cause-effect graphs and its SAT solver is applied to generate the pairwise tests. Using a SAT solver allows us to effectively manage constraints over the input parameters and facilitates the generation of pairwise tests, even in the situations where other techniques fail to satisfy full pairwise coverage.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1989.11a
• /
• pp.206-210
• /
• 1989

With the economy expands and the increasing living standard of people, the better quality of electricity which is closely related with weather conditions should be supplied to the customers especially using precised facilities. In this paper, the configuration of the weather information system and its application to the power system operation are generally introduced. And also, a method with test result is presented to find the suitable radar coverage area including the condition of electromagnetic wave shut off.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.566-571
• /
• 2014

A safety class field programmable gate array based system in nuclear power plant has been developed to improve the diversity. Testbench is necessary to satisfy the technical reference, IEC-62566, for verification and validation of register transfer level code. We use the open verification methodology(OVM) developed by standard body. We show that our testbench can use random input for test. And also we show that reusability of block level testbench for the integration level testbench, which is very efficient for large scale system like nuclear reactor protection system.