• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.354-359
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• 2014

The types of glia in the central nervous system (CNS) of the Drosophila embryo include longitudinal glia (LG), cell body glia (CBG), and peripheral glia (PG). Transcription factors, such as glial cell missing and reverse polarity, are well-established general glial cell markers. Only a few glial cell-specific markers have been identified in the Drosophila embryonic CNS, thus far. In the present study, we employed the glial cell-specific markers for LG (vir-1/CG5453 and CG31235), CBG (fabp/CG6783 and CG11902), and PG (CG2310 and moody/CG4322), and comprehensively analyzed their expression patterns, during the embryonic CNS development. Our study validated the specificity of a set of glial markers, and further revealed their spatio-temporal expression patterns, which will aid in the understanding of the developmental lineage, and investigating their role in the development and homeostasis of the Drosophila CNS in vivo.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.292-299
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• 2019

Interferon tau (IFNT) regulation, an anti-luteolytic factor produced by conceptuses of the ruminant ungulates, is essential for the maintenance of early pregnancy, but a definitive mechanism for its temporal transcription has not been elucidated. We and others have observed the T-box protein eomesodermin (EOMES) exhibited high mRNA expression in the ovine embryonic trophectoderm; thus, both caudal-relatedhomeobox-2 (CDX2) and EOMES coexist during the early stages of conceptus development. Objective of this study was to examine the effect of EOMES on ovine IFNT gene transcription when evaluated with CDX2, ETS2 and AP1 transcription factors implicated in the control of cell differentiation in the trophectoderm. In this study, quantitatively via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis between ovine trophoblast cells was initially performed, finding that transcription factors CDX2 and 'EOMES transcription factor mRNAs' were specific to trophectoderm cells. These mRNAs were also found in days 15, 17, and 21 ovine conceptuses. Furthermore, human choriocarcinoma JEG3 cells (trophoblast cell line) were cotransfected with an ovine IFNT (-654bp)-luciferase reporter (-654-oIFNT-Luc) construct and several transcription factor expression plasmids. Cotransfection of the reporter construct with CDX2, ETS2 and AP1 increased transcription of -654-oIFNT-Luc by about 11-fold compared with transfection of the construct alone. When cells were initially transfected with EOMES followed by transfection with CDX2, ETS2 and/or AP1, the expression of -654-oIFNT-Luc was decreased. Also, EOMES factor inhibited the stimulatory activity of CDX2 alone. These results suggest that when conceptuses attach to the uterine epithelium, ovine IFNT gene transcription is down-regulated by an increase of EOMES factor expression in the attached ovine trophoblast cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.828-833
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• 2006

Maize (Zea mays L.) pistil cell death and stamen cell arrest are pivotal process on the sex determination, which diverges from bisexual state of floral meristem to unisexual state in staminate or pistillate floret. We investigated the temporal and spatial distribution of cell cycle gene expression during maize sex determination. The positive regulatory genes of cell cycle, cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) and Mad2 were highly expressed in the developing pistil and stamen but the expression was disappeared in the dying pistil and arresting stamens. In contrast, the negative regulatory genes of cell cycle, Wee1 and CDK inhibitor (CKI) were expressed in the arresting stamens in the wild-type ear and tasselseed2 mutant tassel, however, these genes were not detected in dying pistil although the cyclin B gene expression was disappeared. These results suggest that both the pistil cell death and stamen cell arrest process in maize sex determination are involved in cell cycle regulation, but the different expression patterns of negative regulatory cell cycle genes in the arresting stamens and aborting pistils suggest that the two processes may have distinctive modes of action.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2024

Present study aimed to investigate the temporal changes in expression of some reproductive hormones in testis, originally found in hypothalamus and pituitary. Rats were sacrificed on postnatal day 23 (PND23; immature), pubertal (PND53) and PND 81 (young adult). The testicular RNAs were extracted, and semi-quantitative PCRs for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), kisspeptin 1 (KiSS1), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), LH subunits and LH receptor were performed. Transcript levels of GnRH and KiSS1 at PND23 were significantly higher than levels of PND53 and PND81 (p<0.001). PACAP mRNA level at PND23 was significantly lower than those of PND53 and PND81 (p<0.001). The mRNA levels of both testis type and pituitary type luteinizing hormone β subunit (tLHβ and pLHβ, respectively) at PND23 were significantly lower than levels of PND53 and PND81 (p<0.001). The mRNA level of glycoprotein hormone common alpha subunit (Cgα) at PND23 was significantly lower than those of PND53 and PND81 (p<0.001). Present study revealed the intratesticular expression of KiSS1 and GnRH showed a very similar trend while the expression of PACAP in the testis showed reversed pattern. The expressions of LHβ subunits (tLHβ and pLHβ) were very low during immature stage then increased significantly during puberty and early adulthood. Our attempt to study the local role(s) of intratesticular factors will be helpful to achieve precise understanding on the testis physiology and pathology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.161-164
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• 2005

Data mining techniques can be applied to identify patterns of interest in the gene expression data. One goal in mining gene expression data is to determine how the expression of any particular gene might affect the expression of other genes. To find relationships between different genes, association rules have been applied to gene expression data set [1]. A notable limitation of association rule mining method is that only the association in a single profile experiment can be detected. It cannot be used to find rules across different condition profiles or different time point profile experiments. However, with the appearance of time-series microarray data, it became possible to analyze the temporal relationship between genes. In this paper, we analyze the time-series microarray gene expression data to extract the sequential patterns which are similar to the association rules between genes among different time points in the yeast cell cycle. The sequential patterns found in our work can catch the associations between different genes which express or repress at diverse time points. We have applied sequential pattern mining method to time-series microarray gene expression data and discovered a number of sequential patterns from two groups of genes (test, control) and more sequential patterns have been discovered from test group (same CO term group) than from the control group (different GO term group). This result can be a support for the potential of sequential patterns which is capable of catching the biologically meaningful association between genes.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.554-557
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• 2008

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces gene silencing in a sequence-specific manner by a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). The RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) is a multi-subunit ribonucleoprotein complex that plays a key role in RNAi. VIG (Vasa intronic gene) has been identified as a component of Drosophila RISC; however, the role VIG plays in regulating RNAi is poorly understood. Here, we examined the spatial and temporal expression patterns of VIG-1, the C. elegans ortholog of Drosophila VIG, using a vig-1::gfp fusion construct. This construct contains the 908-bp region immediately upstream of vig-1 gene translation initiation site. Analysis by confocal microscopy demonstrated GFP-VIG-1 expression in a number of tissues including the pharynx, body wall muscle, hypodermis, intestine, reproductive system, and nervous system at the larval and adult stages. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed that VIG-1 is present in each developmental stage examined. To investigate regulatory sequences for vig-1 gene expression, we generated constructs containing deletions in the upstream region. It was determined that the GFP expression pattern of a deletion construct (${\Delta}-908$ to -597) was generally similar to that of the non-deletion construct. In contrast, removal of a larger segment (${\Delta}-908$ to -191) resulted in the loss of GFP expression in most cell types. Collectively, these results indicate that the 406-bp upstream region (-596 to -191) contains essential regulatory sequences required for VIG-1 expression.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.262-268
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• 2006

During endometrial differentiation the extracellular matrix (ECM) changes dramatically to prepare for implantation of the embryo. However, the genes regulating the ECM build-up in the uterine endometrium during early pregnancy are not well known. Using the PCR-select cDNA subtraction method, dermatopontin was identified in the uterus of a pregnant mouse on day 4 of gestation. Dermatopontin mRNA increased dramatically on day 3, and was at its highest level at the time of implantation. Administration of RU 486 significantly inhibited mRNA expression by day 4 of gestation, but ICI 182,780 did not. Progesterone markedly induced dermatopontin expression in ovariectomized uteri within 4 h of administration, whereas estrogen had little effect. In silico analysis revealed progesterone receptor binding sites in the dermatopontin promoter region. Decidualization did not induce expression of dermatopontin; instead dermatopontin mRNA became strongly localized at the interimplantation site. In situ hybridization revealed that expression gradually decreased in the luminal epithelial cells as pregnancy progressed, whereas it increased in the stromal cells. The pattern of localization and the changes of intensity of dermatopontin mRNA coincided with those of collagen. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that dermatopontin expression is steroid-dependent. They also suggest that, at the time of implantation, dermatopontin expression is primarily regulated spatio-temporally by progesterone via progesterone receptors, and is modulated by the decidual response during implantation. Dermatopontin may be one of the regulators used to remodel the uterine ECM for pregnancy.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Altered environmental gravity, including both hypo- and hypergravity, may result in space adaptation syndrome. To explore the characteristics of this adaptive plasticity, the expression of immediate early gene c-fos mRNA in the vestibular related tissues following an exposure to hypergravity stimulus was determined in rats. The animals were subjected to a force of 2 g (twice earth's gravity) for 1, 3, or 12 h, and were examined poststimulus at 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and real-time quantitative RT-PCR were adopted to analyze temporal changes in the expression of c-fos mRNA. The hypergravity stimulus increased the expression of c-fos mRNA in the vestibular ganglion, medial vestibular nucleus, inferior vestibular nucleus, hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex. The peak expression occurred at 0 h poststimulation in animals stimulated with hypergravity for 1 h, and at 6 h poststimulus in those stimulated for 3 h. In contrast, those stimulated for 12 h exhibited dual peaks at 0 and 12 h poststimulus. Bilateral labyrinthectomy markedly attenuated the degree of c-fos mRNA expression. Glutamate receptor antagonist also dramatically attenuated the degree of c-fos mRNA expression. These results indicate that expression of c-fos mRNA in response to hypergravity occurs in the vestibular related tissues of the central nervous system, in which peripheral vestibular receptors and glutamate receptors play an important role. The temporal pattern of c-fos mRNA expression depended on the duration of the hypergravity stimulus.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.3 s.61
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• pp.63-74
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• 2005

Modern society is diversified society and is under complicated situation as the boundary of each area has been disappeared. To understand and accept such complicated situation as widely as possible, it is required to understand interaction. of receiver with intertextual environmental arts as the structure of open text. This study examined interaction of environmental arts in terms of intertextual feature based on experience of receiver on combined element of different space and time, combination of genres. This is the concept of meaning personal experience or situation as receiver participates the process of completing art works, and set the fantasy, post-place and speciality of location and temporal-spatial expression method, as characteristics of intertextuality. Features of such experience elements are used as methodology of analyzing characteristics of each work. Feature of fantasy uses strategy of inducing spatial experience of receiver with dematerialization for post-place and expands the place where events occur with intervention of contingency and event situation. It suggests the spatial-temporal expression method as the features focusing on process and reflecting changes in spatial-temporal continuum and speciality of place emphasizing context of place. In conclusion, environmental arts needs to be deep rooted on complicated existence aspect of receiver beyond metaphysical dimension depending on presence and to accomplish conversion of awareness of supplying bisection of life from that place. By doing so, environmental arts can live textual life as it gets together with all other texts in terms of text dimension and creativity can be reborn as practical creativity in intertextuality rather than uniqueness. Such combination with other areas and acceptance of various aspects of receivers who see and experience this will result to creation of open works which can be create newly over and over again in multi-dimensional aspects.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.265-281
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• 2018

This study examines the effect of present and future situation on the temporal distance estimation to the future. The effect of present and future situation on time expression was verified. In Experiment 1, an experiment was conducted to investigated the effects of positivity/negativity situation of the present and the future on the judgment of subjective the distance to a certain future time. The results are as follows. When the present is positive and the future is negative, the future looks closer than the objective temporal distance and comes faster, When the present is negative and the future is positive, the future looks farther and comes slower. On the other hand, when the present and the future are both negative, the future looks coming slower. And when the present and the future are both positive, the future is expected to come faster. In Experiment 2, the cognitive and emotional aspects of subjective time through time expressions. It can be said to be 'the time of perseverance' in the sense of time for effort. On the other hand, when the present is positive compared to the future, the time seems go fast and we generally prefer to use cognitive expressions such as 'fast' and emotional expressions such as 'near' and 'pleasant' and 'flutter'. It is 'the time of availability', which means the time to enjoy and utilize.