• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.789-796
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• 1996

A complete open manifold with nonnegative curvature is diffeomorphic to the normal bundle of the soul, and the projection map is a Riemannian submersion. Under certain circumstances, we prove that a harmonic map from a compact manifold followed by the projection is again harmonic. Therefore we obtain a harmonic map onto the soul when there is a harmonic map into an open manifold.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.246-249
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• 2005

Satellite ground track display computer program is designed and implemented for the KOMPSAT-2 mission operations. Digitized world map and detailed Korean map is realized with zoom and pan capability. The program supports real-time ground trace and off-line satellite image planning on the world map. Satellite mission timeline is also displayed with the satellite ground track for the visualized mission operations. In this paper, the satellite ground track display is described in the aspect of the functional requirements, design, and implementation.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.153-174
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• 2022

This trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of overwrap, vacuum, and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on poultry breast fillets' microbiological, biochemical shelf life and sensory attributes. The fillets were divided into 4 groups, and each of the treatments was replicated 3 times with 60 breast fillets. The first group was a control group with overwrap packaging; the second group was vacuum packed (VP); the third and fourth groups were MAP-1: 0% O₂, 40% CO₂, 60% N₂, and MAP-2: 20% O₂, 40% CO₂, 40% N₂. The microbiological and biochemical analyses were performed for the total viable count, coliform count, Pseudomonas count, Salmonella count, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, cooking loss, color, lipid oxidation, tenderness, and sensory analysis. The data were analysed through two-way ANOVA by Minitab (Minitab 17.3.1). Meat treated with understudy MAP compositions and vacuum packaging reduced total viable count, Pseudomonas count, and total coliform count than control (p<0.05). TVB-N remained below the recommended limit throughout storage except aerobic packaging (p<0.05). Cooking loss (%) was lowered and showed non-significant results (p>0.05) between vacuum packaging and both MAP concentrations. The meat stored in MAP-2 was characterised by higher (p<0.05) visual scores. Whilst MAP-1 showed higher (p<0.05) L^* values and overall acceptability. Sample packaged under aerobic packaging showed significant (p<0.05) results for b^* and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Meat stored in aerobic packaging showed higher (p<0.05) shear force values. The outcome of this trial may help to promote the application of understudy MAP compositions and rapid detection of microbes by biochemical analysis under local conditions.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.512-519
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• 2023

Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas are a popular shellfish in the Republic of Korea. However, due to their abundant moisture and nutrient content, oysters are susceptible to microbiological growth and biochemical changes, which lead to quality degradation. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) in maintaining the quality of raw oysters during storage. Microbiological and physicochemical parameters such as pH, glycogen content, soluble protein, turbidity, and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) were analyzed for oysters stored under various gas compositions and storage periods. The results showed that there was no significant increase in viable cell count in MAP oysters after six days in MAP oysters. Moreover, the physicochemical quality of non-MAP oysters deteriorated rapidly, whereas the quality of MAP oysters were maintained during storage. This study suggests that MAP can be an effective technique for maintaining the freshness of raw oysters during distribution and storage, and may also be useful for extending the shelf-life and maintaining the quality of other seafood products.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1069-1075
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• 2004

In an attempt to evaluate the function of MAP kinase in porcine oocytes and to develop a method of the assessment of its activity, myelin basic protein (MBP) was used as a substrate to detect the MAP kinase activity of porcine oocytes which had undergone maturation in vitro. The existence of MAP kinase and MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) was verified in immature porcine germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes at 0 h culture via Western blotting. Porcine oocytes exhibited a low level of MAP kinase activity during the first 20 h of culture, which increased at 25 h, during which time a breakdown in the nuclear membrane occurred. Significantly higher increases (p<0.05) of MAP kinase activity were detected at 30 h of culture. Using the gel phosphorylation method, MBP was phosphorylated at two positions corresponding to mammalian MAP kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1) (44 kDa) and ERK 2 (42 kDa). The absolute levels of those proteins did not increase during 40 h of culture, suggesting that the detected increase in MAP kinase activity was the result of phosphorylation rather than changes in the total amount of protein. MAPKK and MAP kinase were dephosphorylated in first-stage (MI) meiotic oocytes by the addition of cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. These results of this study indicate that the MAP kinase cascade does exists in porcine oocytes and that its activation leads to oocyte maturation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.102-110
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• 2000

This paper presents an algorithm of local map building for autonomous robot navigation using LASER range finder information. We develop a model of sensor output for a LASER range finder, and obtain an output data of the LASER range finder for a given environment. From the output data, a local map is obtained through the following procedures: (1) filtering of output data to remove noisy and unnecessary data, (2) comparison of filtered data with the original data to restore useful data, (3) thickening of the map obtained from the restored data, and (4) skeletonizing of the thickened map to get a final local map. Through some simulation studies, a map is obtained from the LASER range finder information for a given indoor environment, and is compared with the environment.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.5 no.1 s.14
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• pp.5-11
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• 2006

One of the most important is to insure that a new circuit design is qualified far release before it is scheduled for manufacturing, test, assembly and delivery. Due to various causes, there happens to be a low yield in the wafer process. Wafer test is a critical process in analyzing the chip characteristics in the EDS(electric die sorting) using analytic tools -wafer map, wafer summary and datalog. In this paper, we propose new analytic map algorithms for DDI chip test data. Using the proposed analytic map algorithms, we expect to improve the yield, quality and analysis time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.199-202
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• 2004

In this present study, an attempt was made to determine the deformation mode of the Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be bulk metallic glass by compression test over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates. From the results, empirical deformation map could be constructed including the boundaries of different deformation modes. Considering power dissipation map and instability map developed on the basis of the Dynamic Materials Model (DMM), the processing map for extrusion could also be constructed. In addition, the macroscopic formability of this BMG alloy has also been examined through the extrusion in laboratory scale within undercooled liquid state. From the results of macroscopic extrusion formability, both deformation map and processing map present good criteria to determine optimal forming conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.38-45
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• 1998

The Z-map model which is quite similar to the non-parametric patch is widely used to describe the shape of a surface because of its simplicity. Despite the inherent advantage of z-map model. it has drawbacks that there exists difficulty in expressing the vertical walls and its related contact treatment method. In the region of vertical walls, there is a convergence problem in searching the contact point. In this study a contact point finding scheme is presented, based on the z value of the z-map model on the sheet normal direction. To show the utility of this scheme a compared with the experimental results. The effects of the Z-map grid distances and the interpolations of the inside Z-map value are also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 1986

A unique approach to access Landsat satellite imagery has been implemented on IBM PC microcomputer in order to generate image maps to be used as a substitute and/or supplement for a conventional topographic map. This method enables user to automatically: o extract a nominal image map, o geoencode or calibrate as an image map, and o create a multitemporal image file using CCTs containing precision processed Landsat MSS and TM images. These map extraction process includes: o location of map area in the selected CCT, o conversion of map coordinates to image coordinates, o extraction of map area, and o rotation of image to the true North/South and East/Weat direction.